比尔特摩庄园.doc

Peter Moore ParkPeter Moore Park is located in North Carolina, its size and luxury is the largest among the houses in America .Indeed ,it is largest private estate in United States of America . Peter Moore Park, designed by the Richard Morris Hunt and invested by businessman named George Washington Vanderbilt, always carry with a strong French Renaissance architectural style. Now it open as a tourist destination, you could appreciate the beauty and luxurious manor with a little pay. 比特摩尔庄园坐落于北卡罗来纳州，其规模和奢华堪称美国私宅之最，是美国最大的私人庄园。比特摩尔庄园带有浓郁的法国文艺复兴时期的建筑特色，由Richard Morris Hunt设计，富商George Washington Vanderbilt出资修建，现在已经开放为旅游胜地，一般人只要付费就能够近距离欣赏庄园的秀丽和奢华。 Vanderbilt ，the shipping magnate, and Vanderbilt ，the railroad magnate, possessed mansion in New York and Newport，respectively. The third generation of Vanderbilt, attracted by the beautiful view, decided to build a huge house when he took a trip through the Blue Ridge Mountains. And he invited a architect who named Richard Morris designed this house, which imitated one of vineyard in Loire Valley in France. Vanderbilt是航运大王，Vanderbilt二世为铁路大王，分别于纽约及新港建有豪宅。Vanderbilt 三世于1887年旅游路经蓝脊山时，看好此山风水，便决心于此处建一巨宅。于是请当年名建筑师Richard Morris Hunt依法国Loire Valley一座葡萄园设计此宫。 Richard Morris Hunt (October 31, 1827 July 31, 1895) was an American architect of the nineteenth century and a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture. Hunt was, according to design critic Paul Goldberger writing in The New York Times, American architectures first, and in many ways its greatest, statesman.1 Aside from Hunts sculpting of the face of New York City, including designs for the facade and Great Hall of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty and many Fifth Avenue mansions lost to the wrecking ball,2 Hunt founded both the American Institute of Architects and the Municipal Art Society.亨特，(美國佛蒙特州，1827/紐約，1895)生平簡介出生在1827年10月31日，出生地是美國佛蒙特州，父親是Jane maria Hunt，母親是Johnathan，家中一共有5個小孩，他排行第四。由於父親是一位銀行家與律師，所以家境不錯的他從小就能到處旅行及為將來成為一個通達知禮的公民奠定下良好的根跡。1827年因父親工作因素搬離佛蒙特州到喬治亞州，而他父親在一直在capacity工作直到1832年過逝。在1843年時，亨特決定搬到法國長期定居，在法國的這段期間是亨特及他長兄威廉的轉戾點。因為兄弟二人都對美術與繪畫相當的感興趣，果然威廉之後成為一位有名的畫家與教育家，而亨特在1845年決心要成為一位建築師，所以他在1846年進入了法國布雜學院，同時隨畫家庫圖爾(Thomas Couture)和雕塑家巴里(Antoine Louis Barye)學習。他是第一位進入法國布雜學院就讀的美國人，當他進入學院的同時，正好是在新設計形式機能結構與傳統對抗時期，維奧勒杜發表說明，在結構的實質與方法上發展一套新的理論是必然的，另外不該否定傳統中實用的裝飾部份，應互相配合。當時有一半的學生都是支持新的主張，亨特也是，而學院祇好讓步，但有附帶條件，即是每位學生要有一位保證人，而亨特的保證人是Hector Martin Lefuel，1854-1855年間亨特在他的事務所上班。1861年亨特與Catherine Clinton 結婚並育有五個小孩，分別是Richard(1862) ，Kitty(1868) ，Joseph(1870) ，Esther(1875) 及Herbert(1877) ，其中Richard希望日後能接掌父親的建築事業加入。亨特在1862回到紐約，建築師Maurice Fornachon 雇用了他，而亨特希望保留原本長官的作風繼續發揚。亨特一生都在為美國朝向古典建築型式而努力，於1895過逝於紐約。Huge house door is 390 feet wide, 11000000 pieces of brick in the house. A total of 250 rooms, 43 bathrooms, 65 fireplaces, 34 bedroom, 3 kitchen. 4 storeys high, a total of 102 steps led up to the four floor, stile by stone. Entry median hall 72 lamp chandelier hanging. The banquet hall of the table is 72 feet long, 42 feet wide, one can entertain 64 guests. A rolling staircase, fire alarm equipment, ten sets of bell telephone. It is also the most luxury at the end of the nineteenth Century. As for the 23000 volumes of books and book from 13 countries and 1600 pieces of precious furniture painting is the essence of the world.巨宅门面390英尺宽，整座房子用砖1100万块。共250房间、65壁炉、43浴室、34卧室、3厨房。楼高4层，共102阶梯通向四楼，梯磴由大石块砌成。入门正中厅悬挂72盏灯的大吊灯。宴会大厅中大餐桌长72英尺，宽42英尺，一次可款待64位客人。有滚动楼梯、防火报警设备、设十台铃式电话。这一切亦是19世纪末的豪华之最。至于23，000册书籍及订自13个国家的家具和1600幅贵重绘画更是世界的精华。 Vanderbilt filled the 250 rooms with priceless treasures which gathered by him when he travelled around the world . Each room was decorated with exquisite furniture. The compositions of many maestro such as Dure, Sargent and Renoir ,were hung on each wall . The floor was covered with oriental carpets, The Minton pottery was put on the exquisite and elegant table. Visiting guests could get accommodation in 32 rooms. There were a billiards room, winter garden, tapestry room, fitness room, bowling alley and swimming pool in this house, as well as central heating, refrigerating chamber, electrical, water supply, electric lamp, etc. All of this was the most luxury in the beginning of the twentieth Century. Vanderbilt将250个房间摆满他在世界各地旅游中收集到的奇珍异宝：各室的家具精美；德国的丢勒、意大利的萨金特、法国的雷诺阿等艺术大师的作品挂满了各面墙壁；地上铺着东方诸国的地毯，精巧优雅的桌上是英国明顿瓷器。来访的客人可以分别住进32套客房里。宅内设有台球室、冬季花园、织锦画陈列室、健身厅、保龄球场和游泳池。还有中央供暖、冷藏室、电灯电气、热水供应等。这一切都是20世纪初豪华之最。 A big chandelier with 72 lamps hung in the middle of the hall . The big table in banquet hall, which was 72 feet long,42 feet wide, could entertain 64 guests.there were rolling stairs, fire alarm equipment, ten bell telephones in this house. It was also the most luxury in the end of the nineteenth Century. 入门正中厅悬挂72盏灯的大吊灯。宴会大厅中大餐桌长72英尺，宽42英尺，一次可款待64位客人。有滚动楼梯、防火报警设备、设十台铃式电话。这一切亦是19世纪末的豪华之最。 George and the architect organized one thousand artisan , choosing the best building materials, and established the Biltmore Estate at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Northeastern United States , through six years of hard work(1889 - 1895) .This estate occupied a total area of eighty-four acres, including large garden and breweries. 乔治和建筑师组织一千名工匠, 选择最好的的建筑材料,用六年的时间(1889 - 1895)在美国东北部的蓝脊山下建立比特摩尔庄园不仅包括房子本身,还有大花园和酿酒厂总占地面积八十四英亩。 The Forest Park nearby the villa is 8000 acres now ，compared with the original 12500 acres. When spring