浙江省温州市永嘉中学教育集团楠江校区高二英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars language points学案.doc

浙江省温州市永嘉中学教育集团楠江校区高二英语 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars language points学案1. whether . or not whether可以引导_;而if只能引导_。引导宾语从句既可以用whether, 也可以用if, 两者常可以互换。 he asked me whether / if i could lend him my bike.值得注意的是： could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in australia? whether和if都可以和_连用, 但是whether之后可以直接跟or not, 而if则不能, 如：i dont know whether or not hes coming.但是不可以说：i dont care if or not your car breaks down. whether引导的从句一般不可以为_ (选择问句的后一部分除外); 而if则可以跟否定结构, 如: i dont care if she doesnt come. 但是, 在某些动词或形容词之后, 则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子, 这种结构往往表示肯定的含义, 如： i wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself. 其意思相当于: i think he does think too much of himself.个别动词之后, 如_等, 只跟用whether引导的宾语从句，如: they discussed whether they should close the shop.whether可以引导_, 而if则不能, 如： im not interested in whether theyll go or not.whether可以直接跟_连用, 而if则不能, 如: i didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. she hasnt decided whether to go or not.2.in time终于；及时；迟早，总有一天翻译：1) youd better return it in time._2) the storm was in time to stop before the sports meeting._3) youll learn how to do it in time._【考点提示】_ time 准时；按时in no time _at a time 一次；每次at _ time 曾经；一度at times _ of time 提前for the time being 暂时_ ones time 别着急；慢慢来at the same time 同时；然而；不过of the time现在的，当时的from time to time _ 【即学即练】1. to complete the project_, the staff were working at weekends. 为了按时完成工程，全体员工周末都在上班。2. the flowers were so lovely that they were sold _. （2007，宁夏） 这些花是如此的可爱以至于他们很快就被卖光了。【高考链接】what a strange man! he loves his life, but _ he often beats her. (2011,宝鸡市) aat a time b. at one time c. in time d. at the same time3. atmosphere 译为：_;_注意：指“大气层”时，常用_, 指“气氛”时，常用_形式。翻译句子：an atmosphere of tension filed the room._.these gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities._. 4. it was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 【句式仿写：】对于我们来说学好英语是必须的。 _.他已经通过考试是不足为奇的。it is _that he has passed the exam.5. . the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. harmful“有害的” _n & v 损害，伤害 _adj. 无害的 be harmful to 对有害 do harm to对有害allow:【要点提示:】allow sb. sth. 同意给某人某物allow sb. to do sth. _allow doing sth.允许做某事注意：与permit在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词advise，forbid 也有类似用法。如：people _ spit in public.不许当众吐痰。翻译：阅览室不准吸烟。_.【高考链接】permit, allow的不同用法:(1)allow可以和_连用，permit则不能。如:mary wouldnt allow me in.玛丽不让我进去。(2)表示客气的请求时，主语是you应当用_，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用i，则应当用_的被动形式。如:may i be allowed to use this knife? =will you permit me to use this knife? 我可以用你的刀子吗？6. this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.1) chain reaction 译为_2) make it possible for life to develop. 使生命的发展成为可能【句式分析：】 make it + adj./n. sb. /sth. to do sth.【句式仿写：】组长让我们可以一起合作。the group leader _.老师让他们跟容易地明白那个问题。the teacher _.7. they produced young generally by laying eggs.lay v. 译为: 产卵；搁；放；布置eg. he laid his books on the desk. lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 lay off 解雇；停止工作lay aside 储存（某物）待用lay_ 放下（工具，武器）；规定；制定；放弃lay _ 铺开，展开；布置，设计（建筑物等）lay sth. on sb. 把（责任或难题）推给（某人）； 【语境活用】（运用上述词汇完成下方的情景） one day while we were _ on the grass, he _ to me that he _ the eggs that the hen had just _on the table. i knew he was telling a _.【高考链接】the man _ under the tree said that he didnt like the people who always _ to others.(2011,金华调研) a. lying, lay b. lying, lied c. laying, laid d. lied, lied8. prevent . from.阻止；抑制prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. _ doing sth.keep sb. _ 使某人一直做某事protect sb. from . 保护某人不受.的侵袭；挡住；防御注意：被动语态中上述搭配中的from 都不可省略。【即学即练】 they would _the rich from robbing the poor. 他们要制止富人掠夺穷人。【高考链接】people will thank the firefighters for the things they do to prevent fires _ the environment safer. a. make b. to make c. from making d. making9. watch out _(1) watch for 期待，等待watch _ 照顾；监督；保护watch _ for 留意，留心，密切注意(2) _ watch 守望；放哨 off watch 不值班 keep watch 守望，值班 be _ the watch (for sb./ sth. ) 小心提防【即学即练】 he minds so much about his position in the office that he _any chance to be promoted.(2010,安徽)a. watches out b. looks up c. points out d. watches out for you ll have to watch for the right moment. 译：_.10. puzzle n. 谜；疑问；v. 迷惑；使困惑 _ adj. 令人迷惑的 _ adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的 _ n. 迷惘；困惑puzzle_绞尽脑汁；苦思冥想_ puzzlement 迷惘地【即学即练】the police are still _ how the accident happened. 警察人在苦思冥想事故是如何发生的。11. what it was to become was uncertain until when the dust settled into a solid globe. 【句式分析】be to do sth.1) 表示”应当 / 必须做某事” ,通常用于通知或说明书里.the books you borrowed are to be returned before july 5.译:_.2) 表示“按计划或安排将要做某事”，其完成式则表示“本来打算做某事”。we _to beijing last week.我们上周本打算去北京的。3) 表示“将来不可避免要发生的事”all questions are to be answered later.译：_.4) 用于与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。if it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.如果明天要是下雨的话，我们就呆在家里了。12. as a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. 【句型分析】 as a result “因此，结果是”，单独使用，引导_从句。 1） as a result of “由于的原因” 后接名词或代词，引导_从句。2) too 的用法too作 “太” 讲。 the problem is rather too hard for me. 译：_.当“too adj.(形容词)inf.(动词不定式)”时, 有两种不同的意义，一种为“太以至(不)”, 在翻译时要加上一个否定词;另一种是“太”, 语意肯定, 但too后的形容词常用_等。he is _ proud _see his own shortcomings.他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。当“only/all/not/buttoo adj. (形容词) inf. (动词不定式)”时, 后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与too连用等于very (非常)。i shall be _pleased _ hear from you further.我非常欢迎你再来信。they are _glad _ do so. 他们非常喜欢这么做。 在“cannotcan never.too”结构中，应理解为“无论怎样也不会过分”。 we _ careful in doing experiments.我们做实验无论怎样小心也不过分。当too用于数量增减时, 表示“过 (多、少、长等)”的意思。it is too long by half. 它长了一半。he has given me six too many (few).他多(少) 给了我六个。13. twice as far as “两倍远”倍数表达法：(1) “ a +倍数+_+than +b”, 表示“a 比b大（长，高，宽等）多少倍。(2) “a