大_学_英_语读写译二级教案.doc

Unit 1 Ways of Learning (学习方式)I. Background Information Education in the West Western methods are generally more student-centered, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell them. Education in the United States was greatly influenced by John Dewey - an American philosopher and educator. Deweys philosophy of education, instrumentalism, focused on learning-by-doing rather than rote learning and dogmatic instruction. Standing on the shoulders of giantsA well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.II. Text OrganizationPartsPara.Main ideas I1-5 An anecdote: the Chinese staff helped Benjamin to insert the key II6-13 The authors thoughts about different approaches to learning in China and the West.III14 The author gives a suggestion of a more rational approach to fostering creativity and basic skills.III. Words and Expressionsattach a) vt. fasten or join sth (to sth) 【 sth (to sth)】attach a label to each piece of luggage 每件行李上都加上标签 Attached (to this letter) you will find. 随信附上.b) vt. 给予（重要性【 sth to sth】Do you attach any importance to what he said?Ex.=extension扩展部分在邮寄之前，要确保邮票牢牢地贴在信封上。（be attached to） Make sure that the stamp is firmly attached to the envelope before you mail it.附件: attachmentassist vt. vi. (fml 文) help 【 (sb.) with sth】 【 (sb.) in doing sth】【sb. to do sth.】The college student decided to assist the boy with his study.You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a report. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告.My father assisted in building our new house. 我的父亲帮助我们盖新房子。Ex. aid; helpneglecta) vt. give no or not enough care or attention to (sb/sth)neglect ones studies, health 忽视自己的学习、健康b) vt. no passive fail or forget to do sth, esp carelessly; leave undone (what one ought to do) 【 to do/doing】He neglected to write and say Thank you. n U neglecting or being neglected 疏忽 Ex. negligence relevant adj connected with the subject 有关的; 切题的 【 (to sth/sb)】a highly relevant argument, point, suggestion, etc 密切相关的论据、 论点、 建议等 supply the facts (directly) relevant to the case 提供与该案（直接）有关的事实Ex. irrelevantextreme adj usu attrib of the highest degree or intensity 极端的in extreme pain 在极度的痛苦中 n C usu pl the furthest possible limit, an extreme degree极端，极端的行为: Love and hate are extremes of passion. Collocation:Go(, etc )to extremes 走极端 In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive. 在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动.facility n (fml) U, sing ability to learn or do things easily【in/ with + n.】Her facility with / in languages is surprising. He plays the piano with surprising facility. Cf. Latin confer 参看,试比较 talent, capacitytalent n. S (for); U special natural ability or skillcapacity n.S (for) ability to produce, experience, understand or learn sth continual adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) going on all the time without stopping, or repeatedly 继续不断的;反复发生的 continual rain, talking, interruptions 不停的雨、 谈话、 打扰How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障?adv. continuallyHe was continually late for work. 他上班总是迟到. Cf. continual, continuous （see p. 16 of th Book Confusable Words）continual一般指多次重复的动作，指中间有间断，但又持续很久，好像没有停止的意味:You need continual practice. continuous 指中间没有间断，但持续一段时间后可能会停下来a continuous flow of traffic 接连不断的来往车辆continuous rain 连绵不断的雨apply a) vi. vt.be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect对适用 【 (to sb/sth)】These rules dont always apply. You cant apply this rule to every case.= This rule cant be applied to every case.b) vi make a formal request 申请【 (to sb) (for sth)】 【 to do sth.】 apply for a job, post, passport, visa, scholarship Ex. application; applicable; applied priority n.a) C thing that is (regarded as) more important than others （被视为）优先的事物You must decide what your priorities are. b) U high or top place among various things to be done （工作的）重点【give to sth.】【 (over sth)】The search for a new vaccine took priority over all other medical research. Ex. 政府将改革教育体制列为工作的重点.The Government gave (top) priority to reforming the educational systemevolve vt. vi. (fml 文) (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) gradually （使）逐渐形成，进化 【 (into(to)/ from) 】He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. Popular music evolved from folk songs.The story evolves into （发展成）a violent tragedy.Ex. Darwins theory of evolution达尔文的进化论contrast vt. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear 对比【 A and/with B】contrast his work and/with hers 把他的作品与她的作品加以比较. vi. show a difference when compared 形成对照 【 (with sb/sth)】Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别. n. a) U action of contrasting 对比; 相比 【 (to/with sb/sth)】【 (between A and B)】In contrast with/to their system, ours seems very old-fashioned. 我们的制度与他们的相比, 显得过於守旧了 b) C, U difference clearly seen when unlike things are compared 对照 【between】 【 to】 There is a remarkable contrast between the two brothers. 他们兄弟俩截然不同. worthwhile adj worth doing, worth the trouble taken值得（花时间和精力）的:Its worthwhile reading the novel. Or: Reading the novel is worthwhile. It is worthwhile to consider the plan. Or: To consider the plan is worthwhile. Cf. worth, worthyworth（有时接动词的-ing形式) giving or likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for (doing sth) 值得（做某事）: The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读.worthyF作表语 deserving sth or to do sth 应得某事物; 值得某事 【 of sth/being done】【to do sth/ to be done】: The book is worthy of careful study/being studied carefully. superior adj better than average; better, stronger, etc than sb/sth else 优良的，较好的 【 (to sb/sth) (in sth.)】Ex.superiority n U; superior n上级; inferiorfind ones way vi.reach a destination naturally; arrive atShanghai is not an easy city to find your way around.上海不是一个容易立足的城市。Ex.尽管醉了，彼得还是回到了家。Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home.Cf. go ones way; make ones waymake up for repay with sth. good, compensate forHer husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before.我现在在努力弥补时间。Im making up for lost time now.not in the least not at allI am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.她看来一点也不关心自己的学习。 She didnt seem in the least concerned about her study. on occasion now and then 有时，间或Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film.Cf. on the occasion of 在.的时候, 值此之际: on the occasion of his daughters wedding 在他女儿的婚礼上on ones own without anyones help; aloneThere are jobs your child can do on her own.Id rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish youd come with me.(on the one hand) on the other hand 一方面，另一方面（反过来说）On the one hand, we have good reason to feel pleased with our progress. On the other hand, we mustnt get complacent.On the one hand her temper was likely to cause trouble, but on the other hand we needed her expertise.Ex.他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太严了。He is an able man, but on the other hand he is too strict with people.work on/at try hard to achieve or improve (sth.)She needs to work at/on her typing speed.John 提前回来继续写论文.John came back ahead of time to continue working on his thesisIV. Grammatical Structureswhether it/sb beorE.g.-whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed (line 52-53) be-型虚拟的一种，意为“不管（不论）是还是”，表示让步，其省略结构为be it, be he or等，必须倒装。如： Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support. Ex.Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening, _（不论阴天还是晴天）. assuming (that )E.g.By assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that (line 98-102)表假定（表示真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气），有时表让步 。如：Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?Cf. suppose/supposing that 表“如果，假如”。可用于虚拟语气和陈述语气。Suppose (that) you had one million dollars, what would you do? （虚拟语气）Ex. _ (就算这是真的), youre still wrong.V. Complex Sentences in Text A Learning, Chinese Style1) to position the key just so: to position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot2) no comparable hurry to promote creativity: not in a hurry as they do to promote creativity3) In retrospect, it became clear to me that this incident was indeed keyand key in more than one sense.: Thinking back to the past incident, I knew clearly that it was indeed a very important point, even from different points of view.4) L14 For a month in the spring While 从句中有be, 且主语与前面一致，主语和be可省略。 -When (water is) pure, water is colorless liquid.-The story is told as if (it were) true.-A tiger cannot be tamed unless (it is) caught very young.5) L2427 The “teacher” would“as if” awaiting a thank you = it seemed that they are awaiting a thank you-The young man answered the stranger kindly. It seemed he was speaking to a good friend. The young man answered the stranger kindly as if speaking to a good friend. 6) L2730 I soon realized thatthrow/cast/shed light on 使明白，解释-Her biography to some extent sheds new light on the character of a strange man.VI. Discussion (if time permits)1. How I learn at college2. How to become more creative?3. Why we should learn for a lifetimeUnit 2 ValuesI. Teaching Plan (6 periods) 1st -2nd period: Pre-reading; While-reading (text organization; cultural notes) 3rd-4th period: While reading (language points; grammatical structures; synonyms); Post-reading; 5th 6th period: Home-reading; Theme-related language learning tasks; ExercisesII. Teaching Objectives Students will be able to:1. understand the main idea (despite his wealth, Sam Walton remains down-home and devoted to his team) and structure of the text;2. appreciate the use of indirect description in portraying a person;3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.5.III. Pre-reading tasks1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recorded passage (5 minutes)- What happened to Abraham Lincoln one day? (Working as a shop clerk, he overcharged a customer. Although the sum was insignificant, Lincoln walked a long distance to return the money.)- How is the story related to the theme of the unit- values? (Abraham Lincoln regarded honesty as an important value.)2. Ss do Cloze B in after-text exercises to learn more about the values of American millionaires. (15 minutes)3. Rich people I know (15 minutes) 1) Before class, Ss are asked to collect stories, news reports, pictures, books, or even video clips (if relevant equipment is available for showing them in class) of rich people. 2) In class, Ss form groups of three to four to share what they have collected. 3) Groups discuss what values these rich people hold dear. 4) Speakers for several groups report their discussion results to the class. 5) T remands Ss to keep these values in mind when they study Text A, and see whether Sam Walton cherishes them or not.IV. While-reading tasks1. Text organization (20 minutes)1) T asks Ss to scan the text to see if there are any natural dividing lines separating it into parts. (The text can be divided into three parts. Between each part, there is a blank line.)2) T draws Ss attention to Text Organization Exercise 1, guides them through the directions, so that they can grasp the main function of each part.3) Ss scan the text again to underline all the names mentioned and tell who these persons are.(They are: Jamie Beaulieu, waiter at Sam Waltons birthday party Jonnie Baker, night manager at the local Wal-Mart Richard Hoback, mayor of Bentonville, Arkansas Gordon Garlington, pastor of the local church John Marshall, local barber Jim Von Gremp, corporate affairs director Ferold F. Arend, retired president of Wal-Mart Jim Hendren, company lawyerAlso see Text Analysis)4) Ss will notice that the text transits from Part II to Part III when the first corporate job- corporate affairs director- is mentioned.2. T explains language points and gives Ss practice (see Language Study). (60 minutes)3. Finding synonyms or synonymous phrases for “down-home” (10 minutes)1) T asks some Ss to explain the title of Test A in their own words.2) Ss work alone to find out synonyms or synonymous phrases for “down-home”.3) Some Ss report their findings to the class.(Para 5 carry on like plain folds Para 6 folksy ways Para 7 friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around Para 11 not a front-page person)4) T reminds Ss to vary their own writings by synonyms or synonymous phrases.V. Post-reading tasks1. Using indirect description in portraying a person (25 minutes)1) Ss complete Text Organization Exercise 2 and compare answers with each other.2) T makes Ss think by asking Ss this question: How does the author reveal these character traits?3) T introduces methods of indirect description and writes them down on the blackboard: anecdotes, examples, quotes, comparison and contrast, etc. (see Text Analysis)4) Ss work in pairs to find out examples of these methods.5) Some pairs report their findings to the class.6) T urges Ss to adopt these methods when describing a person.2. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (25 minutes)3. T checks on Ss home reading (Text B). (3 minutes)4. Ss do Part IV: Theme-related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period) 5. T asks Ss to prepare the next unit (2 minutes)1) do the pre-reading task;2) preview Text AVI. Text AnalysisTo make a character portrait convincing, an author must refrain from telling readers directly what the person in like. Instead, he/she lets readers deduce.Of all the methods of indirect description, the one used most frequently in Text A is quotation.The author quotes not only Sam Walton himself, e.g. “The reason for our success- is our people and the way theyre treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit”, but also his townsfolk and colleagues (as shown in while-reading tasks in the Teaching Plan).The text begins with an anecdote: how waiter Jamie Beaulieu had anticipated a lavish mansion at the Waltons, only to find fan ordinary-looking household. This kind of beginning lures readers to go on. There are other anecdotes, like how SamWalton forgot his wallet and insisted on fetching it to pay the local barber, and how he lost 4 straight games after a Wal-Mart employee asked him a question about pricing.Sam Walton is a folksy guy, of which a lot of examples are given. Examples of how generous an employer he is are also plentiful.Jamie Beaulieus anticipation and the reality he later found out form a contrast. It reveals SamWaltons down-home characteristics. When retired company president Ferold F. Arend compared Sam Walton with his previous employer, we appreciate further Sam Waltons generosity.VII. Culture Notes1. Rolls-Royce: any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce. Many people recognize them by the small metal statue on the front of every Rolls-Royce car. The company was formed in 1905-1906 by Charles Rolls (1877-1910) and Henry Royce (1863-1933) and also produces aircraft engines. The Rolls-Royce company was bought by the German company Volkswagen in 1998. The name Rolls-Royce is also used informally to refer to the best product of a particular type.2. dime store: a store offering a wide assortment of inexpensive items, formerly costing five or ten cents, for personal and household use.3. Wal-Mart: any of a very large chain of shops in the US selling a vied range of goods at low prices. The first Wal-Mart Discount City was opened in 1962 by Sam Walton.4. Ford Motor Company: a large US company that makes cars. It was established in Detroit in 1903 by Henry Ford, and the first Model T was sold in 1908. The company has produced the Lincoln since 1922 and the Mercury since 1938.5. names: apart from their surname or last name, most British and American children are given two personal names by their parents, a first name and a middle name. These names are sometimes called Christian names or given names. Some people have only one given name, a few have three or more. Friends and members of a family who are of similar age usually call one another by their first names. In some families young people now also call their aunts and uncles and even their parents by their first names. Outside the family, the expression be on first name terms suggests that the people concerned have a friendly, informal relationship. When writing their name Americans commonly give their first name, their middle initial and their last name, e.g. George M. Cohan. Both given names are used in full only on formal occasions, e.g. when people get married.6. Forbes: and American business magazine. It is noted for its lists of the richest men and women in business. In its November 27, 2000 edition it published one listing the 50 richest businessmen and women in China, headed by Rong Yiren of CITIC with 1.9 billion do