现代住宅的智能应急照明方案(英文版)_secret.doc

Intelligent Emergency modern residential lighting solutionsAbstract：According to the article modern residential emergency lighting requirements for fire and other emergencies, in compliance with fire safety standards under the premise of the proposed intelligent emergency lighting solutions, in the light of choice, the choice of power supply programme and the choice of control methods on the system comparison and screening, and ultimately determine the application of modern residential Intelligent Emergency lighting solutions. Key words: smart residential fire emergency lighting solutions Modern multi-functional intelligent building or building automation has been achieved (BA), office automation (OA), security automation (SA) system, which includes a fire control system and emergency lighting in emergency situations, such as to provide a guarantee of Intelligent system, based on the intelligent application can be made in a modern house in the Intelligent Emergency lighting system. Modern residential lighting, including emergency lighting and lighting fires evacuation signage, and its role in the fire, can provide lighting and evacuation guide, so that people can safely leave hazardous areas or buildings, and fire occurred in the process of alternative stop working the normal lighting and illumination provided that an important place to ensure that the work can continue. Emergency lighting settings in the architectural design standardized fire and fire safety design of tall buildings are clearly defined, fire norms of restraint is mandatory, all the engineering design of modern houses are required to meet the standard requirements. We are to be addressed with the development of science and technology, the emerging new products and smart solutions to the ever-changing, some of the traditional design should be constantly updated to adapt to the new products, the development of new technologies, based on these, the author only from the following aspects of the proposed modern residential Intelligent Emergency lighting solutions for the study.One, 1. Reasonable selection of commonly used source Residential emergency lighting requirements of a good light environment - brightness and color performance appropriate; brightness distribution reasonable vision comfortable. At the same time, consideration should be given to the rational use and conservation of energy resources, and comprehensively take into account economic, aesthetic, safe, strong, easy application, easy to maintain, and so on. (1) Emergency lighting under normal circumstances do not choose to 1600, it is because of their short life expectancy, low-efficiency, the proposal only ignited the time is short, frequent switching places. For example, some people do not always fire equipment rooms, or other sources can not meet the requirements of the sites; (2) as a fluorescent color index is high, long life and energy efficient light source, the proposals do not affect the normal working nearby electronic equipment to meet the environmental requirements and decoration on the basis of style, as the preferred light source; (3) Although the new highly efficient energy-saving lamps, long life, high efficiency and energy saving, color index is high, but its price is more expensive, and used only in the long-term recommendations for the use of lighting in place; (4) When using a light source can not meet the color requirements, a variety of mixed-use approach. In addition, residential electric lighting color should distinguish between the different requirements of a reasonable choice of the color of the light source. 2. Choice Supply Scheme Intelligent Emergency Lighting Power Supply Scheme programme in the choice of the time, under different conditions and needs of classification. Usually, conditions permitting, emergency lighting will be taken into account redundancy, time should be in accordance with its power supply requirements and standardized fire load, through matching battery power supply to meet the time requirements. (1) to allow for single-supply emergency lighting system can be used Figure 1 of the power supply system; (2) the need for the dual-powered emergency lighting system can be used Figure 2 power supply system. 3. Choose the emergency lighting control Fire specifications fire electrical equipment including emergency lighting equipment should be a separate power supply circuit; one, two fire electrical equipment should be in a dual power supply. However, the electricity sector for the regulation of the industry, the vast majority from the municipal building in order to receive two-way independent and reliable power supply almost impossible, therefore, some of the larger buildings and important buildings from fire fighting equipment, load, usually need for emergency generators-owned power as a group. As generators from the start to the transmission time lag and, if necessary, also at the same time can be used for auxiliary battery backup power. Fire emergency lighting load, only small and medium-sized buildings, usually used as an emergency battery power supply, used in the past, the vast majority of each of the installation of a lamp chargers, inverter and battery, which means a relatively small one-time investment , but emergency power at scattered, maintenance workload and it is extremely difficult, if not timely or improper maintenance, and battery life will be greatly reduced, resulting in increased maintenance costs, at the same time, the system also it is difficult to guarantee reliability. Recently, some manufacturers to develop and produce a new kind of focus on the static exchange uninterrupted electricity supply emergency power. It is used on a charger, battery and inverter control device components and the power installations, power supply system as a backup emergency power supply. Emergency power to achieve this can be monitored, it can through its own an RS-232 interface, the signal to a computer monitor, in the normal course of the work of state power to control the input power supply and emergency removal, in accordance with batteries contain batteries The charge and discharge, when their failure, we can issue a warning signal. Although this form of power supply higher one-time investment, but has been greatly reduced maintenance costs and workload, but also guarantee the reliability of the system. Emergency lighting control more ways, such as long light, decentralized control, centralized control, fire control linkage, lighting their own control. If the control or improper Although designed to meet fire control norms request, but can not meet the needs of users, allows users to change their own control, a result can not meet the requirements of the Fire Services norms, leaving hidden dangers. In addition, non-fire under blackout conditions, the battery will not only do standby power emergency lighting put into use, in order to avoid battery depletion or inadequate electricity, and power yet to return to normal power supply, fire, emergency lighting will not be support personnel for the safe evacuation of the situation. Therefore, a reasonable choice of the emergency lighting control is very important. 3.1 light-control mode This approach generally do not control, wiring simple, but the waste of energy, light shortened life applies to a low-power light evacuation directional signs and no natural light and often was at the premises or after serving as the emergency lighting and lighting in place on duty. It should be noted that this control method is not only suitable for battery backup power supply system. 3.2 relay control Figure 3 relays for the control wiring diagram, A switch board for the WHO, as under normal circumstances the use of lighting control, J for small relay. A switch installed in the vicinity of a small relay, the relay can also be more than one group composition, will relay coil parallel, LN Reply on duty or from the control room, the whole building could be in the emergency lighting or fire under the floor District evacuated for a number of regional groups, focused on the control room were on duty or control. This control method is characterized by low cost, but the line should not be too long, too many groups not generally applicable to small and medium-sized buildings. 3.3 Fire control linkage Fire control linkage through the automatic fire alarm and control linkage system, accessed through the control linkage fire on the bus control module, according to the regional fire alarm, fire automatic mandatory access regional and relevant regional emergency lighting. Fire linkage control is divided into two (1) Figure 4 Figure 3 of the relay changed Fire Control Module. This control method has the advantages of flexible control, in the large and medium-sized buildings, especially the intelligent building, can be a fire district at the same evacuation routes or security export lighting for evacuation signage for a group. Thus, in the event of a fire, according to police Address mandatory access point in addition to emergency lighting and fire regional evacuation lights other than directional signs to prevent some people the wrong guide to the regional fire. Caution should be taken when designing a reasonable choice of the fire control module voltage and current levels, if the load current, fire control module through the control relays or contactor to achieve the lighting control; (2) Figure 5 is another fire control linkage diagram of the electrical system. Single-phase power supply can be, it can also be a three-phase, the circuit breaker can be ZK1 or dual-supply switching device, ZK2 n is出线double-breaker, it is a small contact C, K, fire control module for A WHO double-switch plate. It is the control mode: normal, contact C-32, switching from double-A lighting control emergency shutdown and connected When they receive fire, fire control module through the K of C will be connected to exposure to mandatory connect emergency lighting. This control method because under normal circumstances a loop control of the lighting in larger quantities suitable for large and medium-sized building is used. 3.4 professional emergency lighting control equipment space Fire equipment space fire emergency lighting illumination lighting illumination is not normal, therefore, in normal lighting the fire, emergency lighting, as all general use. As a result of these places in person responsible for the management of their room environment, switches are very familiar with the position, therefore, these establishments emergency lighting control room can be used ordinary switch control mode. 3.5 for emergency lighting control Emergency lighting discussed above normal lighting are serving as emergency lighting, decoration in some grades are not high places, can also be used for emergency lighting, their normal does not shine, when connected to the fire, emergency lighting in the distribution box出线the switch or switch to manual control, fire control module or through a linkage control. As peacetime rarely connected, such as the failure to discover and difficult to remove, affect the reliability of the system, therefore, such systems require each will be conducted from time to time connect test, the detection system of the state.Two, the classification of emergency lighting and settings Emergency lighting by civil construction electrical design specifications JGJ/T16-92 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) is defined as: lighting reason out in the normal circumstances, continue to work for the time being, safety or evacuation by illumination . The Regulations section 11.3.2 states: The types of lighting can be divided into normal lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting, security lighting, landscape lighting and obstacle lights. Backup lighting, including emergency lighting (for the time being to continue to work and continue to lighting ), the evacuation of lighting and security lighting. According to the above requirements for emergency lighting understandable: in normal lighting power supply system no longer finds it necessary to provide normal lighting under exceptional circumstances, and guarantee security for the evacuation or short-term to continue to work with the lighting. 1. Backup lighting Backup lighting refers to normal lighting failure for the work or carry out normal activities and settings for lighting, to continue its work into the reserve lighting and continue to work temporarily backup lighting. The rules set out in Schedule C.3.12: Emergency lighting fire in the control room, fire pumping station, smoke room, generator room, transformer room, the total room, such as the central control room should be maintained normal lighting illumination levels, Other places may lighting illumination of the lower 1 / 10, but not less than the minimum 5 lx, continuing work longer than 120 minutes. Backup lighting lamps to use for lighting, wall suction (distance to not less than 2.2 m) or roofmount installation. 2. Evacuation lighting Evacuation lighting refers to normal lighting failure, correctly guide for security personnel to find safety instructions exports of lighting settings, it can be divided into general safety exit signs lights, lamps and evacuation signage evacuation lights. Lights for safety exit signs to identify the location of security export, installed in the evacuation to the top of the door (usually 0.3 m above the door), the illumination level of more than 0.5 lx, continuing work: a multi-level, high-rise buildings 30 minutes. Ultra-high-rise building 60 minutes. Evacuation directional signs for the identification of security lights in the direction exports should installed in the corridors and the evacuation from the corner to 1 m below the wall, evacuation corridors on the lights should not be greater than 20 m. spacing of their level of more than 0.5 lx illumination, continuing work Time: multi-level, high-rise buildings 30 minutes, ultra-high-rise building 60 minutes. Evacuation lights for the channel so that people can see any obstructions and on, and can be easily found on the evacuation routes all the manual alarm, call communications devices and facilities such as fire fighting equipment, and to use special lighting, and the normal and appropriate lighting coordination arrangement. Their intensity level greater than 5 lx, continuing work: a multi-level, high-rise buildings 30 minutes, ultra-high-rise building 60 minutes. 3. Security lighting Security lighting refers to normal lighting failure, to ensure that a potentially dangerous for the safety of people or things set up the lighting, to use special lighting, lighting should maintain normal levels of illumination.Third, the form of power supply emergency lighting Emergency lighting power supply mode can be divided into the following types: 1. Independent power supply from the power grid. Its specific programmes can be divided into: (1) When there are two high-voltage power supply Road, Route emergency lighting power supply should be connected to the two different high-voltage transformer on the Bus: (2) When using two-way low-voltage power supply, emergency lighting power supply from two low-voltage distribution Route respectively Jieyin. This form of power supply is easy to meet the requirements of conversion time, continuing to work long hours, the electricity supply capacity unrestricted characteristics of the failure to ensure that all the way, and will continue to work another way. However, in a major disaster, its reliability might be damaged, lost the role of the emergency lighting power supply. This power is not set up specifically for emergency lighting, often under the Buildings use of the functional requirements and the actual situation of the local power grid to consider, and make electrical equipment and settings. 2. Powered by diesel generators. Its characteristics are power supply capacity and basically unrestricted, but power blackouts units since starting time for 15 s, and therefore could only be used for lighting and evacuation standby lighting (s conversion time 15), and not for security lighting ( 0.5 s conversion time) and some of the sites require a higher conversion time backup lighting. This power is often in the construction of electricity to meet the requirements of the Fire Services to set up. 3. Using battery power. Battery power is divided into own emergency lights and battery on the battery installed. With high reliability, rapid conversion, the change convenient, less investment, operation management and maintenance more convenient and so on. Know from the above analysis for the song and dance entertainment show entertainment establishments emergency lighting, if specialized use two-way power or diesel generators supply operation management and maintenance of existing inconvenient, larger issues such as investment, it is not the economy. When using lights, which comes with own battery power supply of emergency lights, the drawback is the higher initial investment costs, the need to repeat every year investment, the need of each regular charge and discharge, and life in general in about a year. This approach applies to a few small emergency lights, the installation of a more decentralized, small scale buildings. Now there is a market for ZLUS models with dual-use emergency battery power supply of the product in the grid under normal conditions, to the net for electricity, when the power grid automatically to the exchange of fire emergency load-cutting 380/220 V power supply, DC240V or can be output DC power supply DC24V. When the restoration of electricity supply grid, the power sup