浙江省湖州市九年级英语全册 教师辅导讲义 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected知识点+过去完成时+句子成分 （新版）人教新目标版.doc

知识点教学内容1、 课前热身(3min)how many words can you find about our body? try your best! nose, teeth, leg, hand, fingers, ear, eye, foot, hair,lips.2、 知识点讲解(22min)phrases 1. take a shower 洗淋浴2. by the time. 在以前3. be late for class 上课迟到4. go off （闹钟、警铃等）突然响起5. wake up 醒来6. put on 穿上7. rush out 冲出；奔出8. brush ones teeth 刷牙9. give sb. a lift 捎某人一程10. end up 最终成为，最后处于11. be full of 充满；装满12. be about to 刚要；即将13. in line with 与排成一排14. stare at 凝视；盯着15. in disbelief 怀疑地；难以置信地16. take off 起飞17. turn into 变成18. arrive at 到达19. show up 出现20. leave for 动身去21. by the end of 在（某时间点）以前1.life is full of the unexpected.(1) be full of = be filled with充满，装满on hearing the news, her heart was filled with gratitude. 听到这个消息，她的心中充满了感激。(2) unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的the unexpected “意外的事情”“出乎意料的事”。 the adj. 表示一类人或事物。英语中，有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或事物，在句子中起名词的作用。 the homeless (无家可归者) the disabled(残疾人) the old should be taken good care of by the government. it will not be unexpected if tom comes late again, because he is always like this. 2. by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.by the time 在以前，指从过去的某一点到从句所示的时间为止，常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即had+动词过去分词。by the time i got up, he had already left. 例1. by the time i _(walk) into the classroom, the teacher _(start) _(teach) already. walked; had started teaching【拓展】by now 表示“到现在为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。by now i have collected 200 dolls.3. when i got to school, i realized i had left my backpack at home.leave sth. +地点“把某物忘在某处”forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。 i left my book on the desk. i forgot my umbrella yesterday .【辨析】leave 与forget的用法: (1) leave “ 遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语； (2) forget “ 忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。【拓展】leave left left v 离开(1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 (2)leave for +地点 离开去某地(3) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假 leave school (中学) 毕业(4)leave one by oneself=leave sb alone 把某人单独留下【注意】英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点; 而不是forget+地点 unluckily, i left my book at home 【延伸】动词leave 的第三人称单数形式为leaves; 而名词leaf的复数也是leaves.forgetforgotforgotten v. 忘记(1) forget sth 忘记某事（不能跟地点状语连用）he forgot his grandfathers name.(2) forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（未做）dont forget_(post) the letter for me on your way home. to post(3) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做）4. a: what happened? b: i overslept. and by the time i got up, my brother had already gotten in the showeroversleep =sleep late v. 睡过头sleep slept slept oversleepoversleptoverslepthe overslept and missed the train. 他睡过头了，没赶上火车。5. my alarm clock didnt go off!go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 the alarm went off just now.【拓展】go相关短语go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳6.so i just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.rush out 冲出去，冲出 henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain. julia rushed out and didnt return.7. luckily, carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.(1) luckily adv. 幸运地。可用来修饰整个句子。其名词是luck，形容词时lucky，反义词是unluckily。luckily, he was not badly hurt. 幸运的是，他伤的不重。(2) give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. “捎某人一程”，例2. the poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to _. ba. give him a ride b. give her a ride c. enjoy a ride d. accept a ride8. i was about to go up when i decided to get a coffee first.be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。i was about to do my homework when my father came in. 当我爸爸进来时，我刚要做家庭作业。例3. dbathe film when the light went out.a. was starting b. started c. was going to start d. was about to starti am tomorrow. a. about to b. going to travel c. going travelling d. about travellingyesterday morning he go out someone knocked at the door. a. was about to; when b. was going to; when c. was to; when d. was go to; when9.i went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office.(1) even though 即使， 虽然， 尽管， 用于引导让步状语从句。i dont like vegetables even though they are good for my health. 我不喜欢蔬菜，尽管它们有益健康。例4. _ frank left school at 16, he still become a successful writer. da. ever since b. in fact c. after all d. even though【拓展】even if / even though/ though 三者都可以引导让步状语从句。even if =even though“即使、纵然”引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情though “虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。i will try even if i may fail.though it was very late, he went on working.【注意】 though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。(2) block n. 街区lets walk round the block. 咱们沿着这个街区走走吧。10.as i was waiting in line with other office workers, i heard a loud sound.(1) wait in line with 意为“与排队等候”。 stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队you should stand in line with other girls. 你应该和其他女孩站成一排。(2) sound n “声音；声响”。【辨析】sound, voice 与 noisesound 含义广泛，指一切可以听到的声音，包括有意听到的和无意听到的。at midnight he heard a strange sound.voice 指说话及唱歌的声音，多用于指人的嗓音。the girl has a beautiful voice.这个女孩有美丽的嗓音noise 特指噪音和吵闹声。the noise of traffic kept me awake.例5. would you mind not_ noise? alice is sleeping. b sorry, i didnt know. i_ she was awake. a. make, think b. making, thought c. making, think d. make, thought11. we stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. (1) stare v. 盯着看， 凝视 (表示看得比较仔细，有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看，常与at, into连用。) dont stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。(2) in disbelief 不相信，疑惑，怀疑tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head.she looked at him in disbelief.(3) above prep （表示位置）在正上方；高于”。（与 below相对） the moon is now above the trees.月亮正位于树梢上。prep 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过” he is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。adv. “在上面; (级别、数目等)更高; 更大;更多；在上文”。 see the examples given above.见上述例子。(4) burn v. 着火，燃烧 (burnt, burnt / burned, burned)burning adj. 着火的；燃烧的he was trapped in a burning house. 例6. teachers are often compared to _ candles. d a. burnt b. is burning c. burns d. burning 12. i felt lucky to be alive.【辨析】alive, living, live与livelyalive“活着；有生气的”，侧重生与死之间的界限通常用在连系动词be等之后作表语，也可用在名词之后，作后置定语，但不能用在名词之前作前置定语。多修饰人，也可修饰物。no one alive will believe him. 没有一个活着的人会相信他。 living“活着的”，强调说明尚在人间，健在多修饰物，也可修饰人，既可位于名词前作定语，也可作表语all the living things need water. 一切生物都需要水。live活生生的；有生命的；还指“实况转播的”通常用在修饰物，在名词前作定语the cat caught a live mouse yesterday. 昨天这只猫抓到了一个活老鼠。lively活泼的；活跃的；生气勃勃的通常用来描述人及其行为或活动，可作定语或表语she was very lively at the party. 她在晚会上非常活跃。例7. he is dead, but his dog is still _ . alivecomrade wang is really a _ lei feng in our country. livinghe had a strange way of making his classes _ and interesting. livelydo you like a _ show or a recorded show? live13.but by the time i got to the airport, my plane to new zealand had already taken off.(3a)take off 脱掉； 起飞 take off 在此句中意为“起飞”，off 在此为副词表示“离开；走开”。take off 后不能直接加宾语，故它没有被动语态take off 也有“脱下”之意， 此时 off 为介词，后可直接跟宾语。 take off your coat.its hot outside.脱下你的外套，外面炎热。例8 . this bus doesnt go to the train station. im afraid youll have to _ at the library and take the a52. ca. take off b. put off c. get off d. turn off13. the other planes were full so i had to wait till the next day. till 意为“到，直到”，相当于until. (1) 用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”。she watched tv till her mother came back. 她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到她母亲回来才结束）(2) 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。she didnt watch tv till her mother came back. 直到她妈妈回来，她才看电视。（看电视的动作直到她妈妈回来才开始）【注意】till和until一般情况下可互换使用，但till的语气比until弱；在正式文体中或放在句首一般不用till而用untiluntil she told me about it, i hadnt realized the thing was so serious. 直到她告诉我，我才意识到这件事如此严重。19.my bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing. turn into 变成caterpillars turn into butterflies. 毛毛虫变成蝴蝶。【辨析】turn into与change intoturn into既指形式上的改变，也指状态上的本质的改变water turns into ice. 水变成了冰。a few weeks later, winter had turned into spring. 几周过后，冬去春来。change into更强调的是外在形式上的改变she changed into the working clothes. 她换上了工作服。3、 练习(10min)i. 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。1.the next morning jim put some things he need in his _ (书包) and went hiking alone.2. suddenly the telephone in the bedroom _ last night. 3.miss chen gave me a l_ this morning in her car and i was lucky enough to be in time for class.4. the news was so u_ that we were all surprised.5. uncle black o_ this morning and was late for work this morning.6. people used to b_ oil lams to get light.7.the moon was a_the trees in the east.8.people do not know the value of health t_ they lose it.9.the sun rises in the east and sets in the w_ .10. the stranger s_ at me and it made me uncomfortable.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.everyone thinks the new tv plays ending is_ (expected).2.the boy kept _ (watch) tv the whole afternoon.3.we were late for the film roman holiday, but_ (luck) we didnt miss much.4.linda,there is only a little time left. we have to walk_ (quick).5.tom always _ (brush) his teeth once a day.6.walk about two _ (block) and you can see the bookstore on your left.7. not all the _ (work) can have a day off on may day.8. i think _ (disbelief) is really important in our life.9. kevin works in a _ (west) city in germany.10. although the old man is over eighty, he is still very much _(alive).根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。1.当地震发生的时候，一些人仓促地跑出了大楼。 some people_ _ the building when the earthquake happened.2.我开车送你去车站吧。 let me _ _ _ _ to the station.3.当他走进教室时, 他才意识到他没带书包。 when he came into the classroom, he _ that he _ _ his backpack.4. 我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 _ _ _ i got to the station, the train _ _.5. 我起床晚了，因为我的闹铃没有响。 i got up late because my alarm clock _ _ _.6.当电话铃响的时候，我准备去睡觉。 i_ _ _ go to bed when the phone rang.7.你没有与其他人排在一排。you are not _ _ _ the others.8. 有时候坏事能够变成好事。sometimes a bad thing can _ _ _ a good one.9.他以怀疑的眼光上下打量我。he looked me up and down_ _.10. 他说他上课从来没有迟到过。 he said he _ _ _ late for class.keys:单词1. backpack 2. rang 3. lift /ride 4. unexpected 5. overslept 6. burn 7.above 8.till 9.west 10.stared适当形式 1.unexpected 2.watching 3.luckily 4.quickly 5.brushes 6. blocks 7. workers 8. belief 9. western 10. alive句子 1.rushed out 2. give you a lift 3. realized; had forgotten 4. by the time; had left 5. didnt go off 6.was about to 7.in line with 8. be turned into 9.in disbelief 10. had never been4、 小结(3min)洗淋浴在以前上课迟到（闹钟、警铃等）突然响起醒来穿上冲出；奔出刷牙捎某人一程最终成为，最后处于充满；装满刚要；即将与排成一排凝视；盯着怀疑地；难以置信地起飞变成到达出现动身去在（某时间点）以前你能看出以上三个句子都含有什么结构？1、 引入(3min)【教材典句】1. by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.2. when i got to school, i realized i had left my backpack at home.过去完成时！今天我们就来学习这一结构3. by the time i got back to school, the bell had rung. 二、讲解(22min)i. 过去完成时的概念及结构1.概念：过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。2.结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：had+主语+动词过去分词+其他+?肯定回答：yes, 主语+had；否定回答：no,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他ii. 主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： when i woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： he told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still， just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： peter had collected more than 300 chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 彼得到10岁的时候已经收集了300多张中国邮票。4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： by the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）iii. 与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：i have learned 1000 english words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。i had learned 1000 english words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。iv. 过去完成时的判定1. 由时间状语来判定一般来说，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1) by + 过去的时间点she had finished reading the book by 9 oclock yesterday. 到昨天9点时，她已经读完了这本书。(2) by the end of + 过去的时间we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term. 到上学期末，我们已学了两千多个英语单词了。2. 由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1) 含有宾语从句的复合句中：当主语为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。像在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。she said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过这部电影。(2) 含有状语从句的复合句中：含有时间、原因、方式等状语从句的复合句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。when i got to the station, the train had already left. 我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 【注意】 在含有before，after引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于before和after本身已经 表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都可用一般过去 时。 after he closed the door, he left the classroom. 他关好门，离开了教室。 表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原 来., 但未能.” we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 我们本希望你能来，但你没来。(3) 根据上下文来判定i met jim in the street yesterday. we hadnt seen each other since he went to beijing. 我昨天在街上碰见了吉姆。自从他去北京以后，我们还没有见过面。三、练习(12min).用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.by the time i reached home, my mother _ (cook) supper already.2.catherine _ (finish)the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.3.the train _ (leave)when i got to the station.4.the little girl _ (lie)in bed for almost a month since she _ (fall)sick.5.by the end of last year he _ (learn) 3，000 english words.6.it was the third time that the girl_ (invite)him.7.i _ (not find)the dog until last night.8.he told his mother that he _ (run)out of money to buy new clothes.9.he told me that he _ (write)a new book.10.i suddenly remembered that i _ (leave)the key in my classroom when i _ (get)home yesterday.按要求改写句子，每空一词。11.by the time she got up,her mother had gone to work.(对画线部分提问)_ _her mother_by the time she got up?12.when i got home,my mother had cooked dinner.(改为否定句)when i got home,my mother_ _dinner.13.the train had left when i got to the station.(改为一般疑问句)_the train _ when you got to the station?14.john had never seen the film before.(改为反意疑问句)john had never seen the film before, _ _?15.she had already finished her homework.(改为否定句)she_ _ her homework yet.keys:.1.had cooked 2.had finished 3.had left 4.had lain; fell 5.had learned/learnt 6.had invited 7.hadnt found 8.had run 9.had written 10.had left; got.11.what had; done 12.hadnt cooked 13.had;left 14.had he 15.hadnt finished四、小结(3min)过去完成时的基本结构？主要用法？如何判定？在这个句子主语是.谓语动词是.宾语是.一、引入(3min)主语？谓语？宾语？.相信同学们在英语学习中对句子成分有很多疑问，今天我们就将学习此专题，分清句子成分及结构对整个英语学习将有很大的帮助。 2、 讲解(22min)1. 主语(subject)主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：it.that.句式等。 the sun rises in the east (名词) he likes dancing. (代词) twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) seeing is believing. (动名词) to see is to believe.(不定式) what he needs is a book.(主语从句) it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)2. 谓语(predicate)在明确了主语后，我们再来说谓语。谓语是用来回答、说明、解释主语“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”等的部分。英语句子中，除少数情况外，谓语必须是动词。而且，除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语的位置相对来说是固定的，它总是位于主语的后面。 hisparentsareteachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语） westudyhard.（行为动词作谓语） wehavefinishedreadingthebook.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） hecanspeakenglish.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）3. 宾语(object)从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语(介词后也有宾语)。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。 weoftenhelphim.（代词作宾语） helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作宾语） weenjoylisteningtothemusic.（动名词短语作宾语） shesaidthatshefeltsick.（从句做宾语）【注意】thesungivesuslightandwarmth.（us为间接宾语，lightandwarmth为直接宾语） 间接宾语多指人，直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词“to”或“for”。 接to的动词有：give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。 giveyourmothertheletter.givethelettertoyourmother. 直接宾语间接宾语 接for的动词有：buy,find,cook,draw,get,sing等。 canyoufindmemybag?canyoufindmybagforme? 直接宾语间接宾语 这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。4. 宾语补足语(object complement)现在一般认为，宾语补足语是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语主要与英语及物动词有关。 英语中有些及物动词，不但会涉及到一个对象(宾语)，还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。例如： wecallhimlittletom.(称呼的对象是him,称呼的结果是littletom.littletom就是宾语补足语。) theymadeherhappy.(make使her怎么样了？happy作进一步的补充说明，那么happy是补语。) ifindsmokingbadforhealth.(find的对象是smoking,结论是badforhealth.)这一类带宾语补足语的动词有：把看成 regard,see；把当成treat,take；把认为是consider,lookup,r