高中英语 Unit5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero语法突破重点提炼 新人教版必修1.doc

人教新课标版高一必修1重点提炼：unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero语法突破关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。when引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如：i still remember the day when i first met jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown，is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。people will always remember the time when hong kong and macao returned to our motherland .人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。he came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。we dont know the exact time when the english evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。where引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。例如：this is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。she is going to live in macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居， 在那里她有几个密友。the place where were to have the speech contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。he is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。that is a beautiful campus where i made a lot dreams .那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如：i dont know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。he didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。he didnt tell her the reason why he was so happy.他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。the reason why she was late is not so acceptable .她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。they explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。注意：关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联，两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点：1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定，例如：the day when i met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.= the day on which i met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。i shall never forget those years when i lived with her.= i shall never forget those years during which i lived with her.我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。this is a hall where the medical conference will be held.= this is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如：do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school？你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？先行词the days表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that.3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when，where，why，且that常可以省略，例如：this is the time（when/that）he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。【应用落实】1. we are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. a. which b. that c. whose d. when2. the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that far-away village. a. until b. that c. when d. where3.it was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，_ for the first time in years their team won the world cup.a. that b. while c. which d. when4. after living in paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. a. which b. where c. that d. when5.we will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _ other visitors seldom go. a. what b. which c. where d. when6.i walked in our garden，_ tom and jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. a. which b. when c. where d. that7. were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. a. where b. that c. when d. which8. i have never dined with you, sir, and i see no reason _.a. how can i knowb. how i ought to knowc. why shall i knowd. why i should know9. i shall never forget those years _ i lived in the country with farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.a. that；whichb. when；whichc. which；thatd. when；who10. some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. a. then b. there c. while d. where1. 【解析】答案d。本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.2. 【解析】答案c。本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.3. 【解析】答案d。本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.4. 【解析】答案b。本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.5. 【解析】答案c。本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.6. 【解析】答案c。本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.7. 【解析】答案a。point可以理解成地点、位置，其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此下划线处