中考语法专项 第 讲：代词(上).doc

初中语法讲解之三：代词(上)一：人称代词人称代词单数复数一二三一二三主格Iyoushe,he,itweyouthey宾格meyouher,him,itusyouthem1.主格和宾格： 人称代词是用来指人或物的代词，人称代词可以分为主格和宾格。 主格做主语，宾格做宾语（一般用于做动词或介词的宾语）和表语。Eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果： （She作主语,me作动词宾语） Kath is near him.凯西靠近他。（介词near的宾语） I saw him at the meeting.2. 人称代词的语序：两个或两个以上的人称代词连用时，通常将第一人称代词I放在最后:单数形式：（二、三、一）you, he/she and I复数形式：（一、二、三）we, you and theyv 口诀：单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先。Eg. Lucy and I are twins. He and I are good friends.Eg. 1. -Do you know about David? -Yes. I know_ very well. A. he B. himself C. him D. his 2. Im going skating. Would you like to go with_? A. me B. I C. my D. Mine2、 it的特殊用法1),it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. who is the person over there? It is the headmaster(校长).EG. 1.- Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that2), It 也可用来表示天气、季节、时间、距离等。 天气： How cold it is today! 时间： Its about eight oclock. 距离： Its 200 kilometers from here.3) ,用作形式主语，常用于下列句型： 1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. 2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth. 4. 据说 Its said that 5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时) 7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think + it + adj. to do feelEG. 1. I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 三、物主代词 数 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词：物主代词是用来表示所属关系，也是人称代词的所有格。l 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词。一般不单独使用。EG. My name is Jack. This is my pen. l 名词性物主代词相当于”形容词性物主代词+名词”。 EG. I left(遗忘) my pen at home. You can use hers（=her pen）.Eg. 1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him四、反身代词反身代词是指动作反身到动作执行者本身或者进行强调。一般常用来做表语和（动词或介词的）宾语。常与反身代词连用的有动词 enjoy, dress, hurt, help, teach 及介词 by, in, for, of 等。2. 反身代词常见固定搭配6过得愉快 自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 自己穿衣服 照顾自己Eg.1.The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. Your五、指示代词专门用来指示人或物的一类代词，这类词有：this/that/these/those指示代词用于指代前面讲过的或者后面将要讲到的事物，以避免重复。This 和 these一般指时间或空间上较近的人和物，that 和those 指时间或空间较远的人或物。EG. This is my pen./ These are my books.（近指） Please remember this;No pains,no gains.(代指下文提到的事) That is her bike.(远指) The weather in China is quite different from that in USA .(指前面刚刚提到过的事) The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that五、疑问代词疑问代词的用法：句子成分例句主语Who invited you to dinner? Whose is the best?Whats in the bag? Which of them will win the prize?宾语直接宾语Whom did you meet on your way home? What is she doing?Which do you want, the red one or the blue one?间接宾语Whom are you waiting for?From whom should we learn? What are you talking about?表语Who are those women? What are you?Whose is the new bike?定语Which class are you in? Whose report is this?What subjects do you study?l 注意：1Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3Whose 用于明确所有者，Whom 在口语中，whom 多为 who 代替。l 练一练一、用代词的适当形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _ (she ) coat. The coat is red._ (its)is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4_(we) eyes are black. _ (us) come from Japan. 5Tim and Bill are twins. _ （their）are from England. _(them) parents are teachers in the No.6 Middle School. 二、选择题( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, _ were still playing on the playground.A. they B. Them C. their D. Themselves( ) 2 Tom and _ will go to see our teacher, for _ is ill.A. I; she. B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her( ) 3 -Whos that in the picture? A. Its me B. Thats I C. This is a boy D. Its I( ) 4 _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car. A. There B. It C. This D. The place( ) 5 -_ is bigger? -The yellow one. A. who B. whom C. which D. It( ) 6 You are twelve now. _ must look after_. A