2013高一英语直接引语变间接引语(1)(2)(3).doc

直接引语 & 间接引语（1）一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语 & 间接引语（2）. 引导词的选择及语序 1. 陈述句：S + V + that + 陈述语序 (S + V) “That is the trouble”, said Bill. 改为：Bill said _ _ _ the trouble. 【注】：that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。 He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday. 2. 一般疑问句：S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序 (S + V) He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” 改为：He asked us _ _ _ leaving that night. 3. 特殊疑问句：S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序 (S + V) “Why did you lock the door?” father said to Anne. 改为：Father asked Anne _ _ _ _ the door. 4.祈使句：S + V + sb. to do / not to do (1)表示“命令”：tell, order, command (2)表示“请求”：ask, beg, request (3)表示“建议”：advise, suggest “Dont make noise in the library.” the teacher said to the students. 改为：The teacher _ the students_ _ _ noise in the library. 时态的一致1 主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语I work hard. He said that he _ hard. I am working hard.He said that he _ hard.I was working hard. He said that he _ hard.I worked hard.He said that he _ hard.I had worked hard. He said that he _ hard.I am going to work hard. He said that he _ hard.2 直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”改为：The teacher _ _ _ _ noise in the library. 3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变： Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.” 改为：Wei Fang said _ _ _ born in 1994.4. 直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：He says, “I have been married for 3 years.”改为：He said that _ _ _ _ for 3 years. 人称及状语的变化1 人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）试观察：She said to him, “I am very hungry.”改为：She told him that she was very hungry.She said to him, “You are very nice.”改为：She told him that he was very nice.She said to him, “Lily is very nice.”改为：She told him that Lily was very nice.2. 状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythat daytomorrowthe next day / the following dayyesterday the day before / the previous daynext year / week / monththe next year / week / monthlast year / night / week the year / night / week beforeagobeforeheretherecomego. Exercise一. 改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语）1. “I am having supper,” he said. 改为：He said that _ _ having supper. 2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. 改为：Gina _ me that _ _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.改为：She said that _ _ _ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” 改为：The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. 改为：He told me that he _ _ her _ _ _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said. 改为：He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7. “Were you born in 1979?” he said. 改为：He _ me _ I _ born in 1979.8. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” 改为：He _ Jim that he _ _ _.9. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” 改为：He asked his mother _ _ _ _ it.10. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. 改为：He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.11. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. 改为：He asked _ _ knew where she _.12. “Keep quite, children.” he said. 改为：He _ the children _ _ quite.13. “Dont look out of the window,” she said. 改为：She _ me _ _ _ out of the window.14. “Are you interested in this?” he said. 改为：He _ _ I was interested in _. 二 句子翻译： 1. 汤姆说他2009年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。 _ 2. 他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。 _3. 凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影。 _4. 我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。 _5. 妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。 _6. 老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。 _7. 她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。 _8. 警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么。 _9. 他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。 _10. 将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。 _直接引语变间接引语（3）专练题单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC.if I was a Party member or a League member 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. The teacher said to me, “Have you finished your homework?”A. The teacher asked me whether I have finished my homework.B. The teacher asked me whether I finished my homework.C. The teacher asked me whether had I finished my homework.D. The teacher asked me whether I had finished my homework.12. She said to her son, “Dont play in the street.”A. She said to her son that he didnt play in the street.B. She told to her son not to play in the street.C. She told her son that he didnt play ion the street.D. She told her son not to play in the street.13. He asked _.A. where is the railway station. B. where the railway station isC. where was the railway station D. where the railway station was14. The inspector said, “This machine is the worst Ive ever seen.”A. The inspector said that machine was the worst Id ever seen.B. The inspector said that machine was the worst Ive ever seen.C. The inspector said that machine was the worst he ever saw.D. The inspector said that that machine was the worst he had ever seen.15. She told me this morning _.A. how had the accident happened B. how did the accident happenedC. how happened the accident D. how the accident had happened16. The policeman asked him _.A. what was his name B. What his name was C. which was his name D. who was his name17. He told us he _ a concert _ .A. had attended . three days before B. attended . three days agoC. would attend . since three days D. was attending . for three days18. The policeman asked him _ .A. what was his number plate B. what his number plate wasC. how much his number plate was D. how many his number plate was19. The biology teacher said, “The leaves come out in spring.”A. The biology teacher said that the leaves come out in spring.B. The biology teacher said that the leaves came out in spring.C. The biology teacher said that the leaves would come out in spring.D. The biology teacher said that the leaves should come out in spring.20. He asked me _.A. whether I knew where his brother has gone B. if I knew where his brother had goneC. that I knew where his brother had gone D. whether I knew where his brother went21. I wondered _ to come to the party.A. should he been asked B. if he is asked C. if he should have been asked D. if he should asked22. He asked me how _ my research work.A.Im getting on with B. am I getting on with C.I was getting along with D.I were getting along with23. Do you know _?A. what the population of China is B. how much is the population of ChinaC. what is the population of China D. how many the population of china is24. I wonder _.A. how much these shoes costB. how much cost these shoesC. how much do these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost25. The teacher asked, “Where are you going, John?”A. The teacher asked where was John going?B. The teacher asked him where John was going.C. The teacher asked John where he was going.D. The teacher asked John where he went.26. “My sister is coming here with us tonight.” Ann said.A. Ann said that her sister is coming here with us tonight.B. Ann said that her sister was coming here with them tonight.C. Ann said that her sister was coming there that night.D. Ann said that her sister was going there with them that night.27. The servant asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”A. The servant asked was there anything else he can do.B. The servant asked there was anything else he could do.C. The servant asked if there was anything else he could do.D. The servant asked whether there was anything else he could do.28. The young policeman told the boys _ .A. never to play with fire B. not to play the fire C. not to play fire D. dont play with the fire29. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been30. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B.whether I had already got wellC.have I already got well D. had I already got well.31. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC.if I was a Party member or a League member D.whether was I a Party member or a League member.32. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked