Unit1Art Grammar---虚拟语气.doc

Unit1Art Grammar-虚拟语气Subjunctive MoodDesigned by Maria 2014/03/25 班级 姓名 一. 语气的分类1. 陈述语气 (The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2. 祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.3. 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等. If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.二. if 虚拟条件句的概念：由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time. 三. if 虚拟条件句的结构a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反V. + ed /werewould/could/should/might +V (原形)与过去事实相反had donewould/could/should/might+have+p.p.与未来事实相反1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原形)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原形)1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 If I were a boy, I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf it were fine now, I would go shopping.PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.2. 与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have 动词过去分词。If he _ （drive）more carefully, he _ （have）the car accident yesterday.If I _ （learn）how to swim, I _ （be）trapped in this island.PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.3. 与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。If he got up early, he would be on time.假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？_假如他看见我, 就会认识我。_PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksa. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.二、虚拟语气在if 条件句中的特殊用法1) if的省略：如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.2）混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。 以下例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.三、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时（were）过去: 过去完成时未来: would/could/might +V. （1）表对现在情况的虚拟，动词用过去式I wish I had a lot of money.I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would动词原形”。注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.2. would rather that-clause现在: 过去时 I would rather you paid me now.过去: 过去完成时I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.未来: 过去时Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.3. as if /though + Clause 现在：过去时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.过去：过去完成时I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4. Its (about/high) time +that-过去时(were) / Should(不省) +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went / you were going / you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed / we should go to bed.5. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desireWe suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should) be present。The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.注意：如果suggest, insist表示 “暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。如：order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.虚拟语气高考链接1. Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did2.If there were no subjunctive, English_ much easier. (NMET) A. will be B. would have been C.could have been D.would be3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see5. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. _ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; bePractice1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.If it _ rain , the crops would be saved . A. should B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ; had believed 7. - He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . A. was B. were C. had been D. should go 9. I wish I _ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see10. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be 11.I wish that you _.A. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was .A. should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew15. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 17. -How does your aunt act ? - She acts as if she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. has been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .20. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 23.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 25. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 28. The professor gave orders that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be finished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . A. must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. Its one oclock in the morning . Its high time that