主谓一致专项训练.doc

高考英语复习系列之语法专项-主谓一致 主谓一致精讲精练在英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词应该采取的相应形式。这看起来似乎很简单，但使用起来却常遇到复杂的情况。主谓一致的三原则(一) 语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。1. The number of errors _ (be) surprising. 2. We _(love) our motherland. 3. The girl _ _(find) her mother alreadly. (二)意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。 1.The crowed _(be) fighting for their lives those days. 2. Three years in a strange land _(seem) like a long time. (三)就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。1. Not only his children but also he himself _(want) to go there.2. Either my wife or I _ going to work there in near future.3. No one except his own supporters _ (agree) with him. 主谓一致的13种情况(1) 两个作主语用的名词或代词由eithernor, neithernor, not only but (also)连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数一致。 Either he or I _ wrong不是他错就是我错了。 Neither the students nor the teacher _(know) anything about it. Not only the students but (also) the teacher _ (be) active in sports and games(2) 主语是单数而后面跟有as well as，with，together with，1ike，but, except等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 She as well as the other students _ (learn) how to type recently. Our schoo1, with some few schools，_(build) in the l950s A professor，together with some students，_ (move) into a new laboratory.Nobody but the students _(be) in the classroom. (3) 作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词可用单数，若就其中各个成员来考虑，谓语动词则用复数。 The committee _(be) made up of 10 members委员会由10人组成。 The committee _(be) in the hall委员们都在大厅内。 My family_(enjoy) sports and games我全家人都喜欢体育运动。 My family _ (have) moved into the new house我家已搬进了新房子。(4) 表示数目、时间、金额的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Two hours _ (be) enough for us to finish the experiment. Ten do11ars _ (be) too cheap for this pair of shoes这双鞋卖10美元太便宜了。 (5 ) 两个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数，如果表示同一概念，谓语动词要用单数。 Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ (be) twin brothers吴东和吴西是孪生兄弟。 The singer and dancer _(come) from Guanxi.那位歌舞演员来自广西。(6) each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Each of us _(read) the book我们每个人都已经看过这本书。 Neither of them _ interested in English Either of the stories _ interesting.两个故事中的任何一个都有趣。 Somebody _ (be) waiting for you at the gate of the schoo1. Nobody _ (want) to go there没有人愿意去那里。 (7) none作主语时谓语动词可用单数或复数。 None _(know) a great deal about this experiment None _ (find).一个也没有找到。 (8) 代词what，who，which，any，all，most，more等作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数主要由它们所代替的意义决定. What _(be) wrong with you? 你怎么了? There _(be) some books on the desk What _ (be) the names of them? 桌子上有一些书。书名是什么? He who _(laugh) the last laughs the best谁笑在最后，笑得最好。 I, who _ a member of our class, should be proud of its glory and ashamed of its dishonor. All of the students _(see) the film全体学生都看过这部电影。 All that glitters _ (be) not gold闪光的不全是金子。(9) people，police，cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数. The people in the city _ very friendly那个城市的人很友好。 The po1ice _(be) searching for the murderer. 警察正在搜寻杀人犯。 The cattle _(be) grazing near the river.牛在河边吃草。 (10) 用“everyeachnomanya great deal of +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，而“a great manya great number of等+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词则用复数。 Every man and woman _(attend) the meeting男的、女的都参加这个会。 Many a student and teacher _(watch) the football match，许多学生和老师正在观看足球比赛. A great deal of our time _ spent on this test我们的很多时间都花在这项试验上。 A great many people _(move) into new houses already(11) 有些名词只有复数形式，可根据谓语单复数来判别其主语所表示的事物的实际单复数. The steel works _ in the l950s这个钢厂是20世纪50年代建的。 The steel works in the country _(produce) more steel than those in that country这个国家的钢厂比那个国家的钢厂生产的钢要多. (12)“there be+并列主语”和“here be+并列主语”结构中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。There_(be) a pen and two books on the desk桌上有一只钢笔和两本书。(非正式英语中可用are)There _ some books and a pen on the desk 桌上有些书和一支钢笔。At that time there _only a teacher and a student in the room， Here _ a letter and a book for you这里有一封信和一本书是给你的。(可用are)(13)“the十形容词/-ed分词”这一表示一类人的结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The injured _(take ) to the hospital伤员已被送往医院。 The young _(require) to respect the o1d年轻人应该尊敬老人。 这种结构表示物时，谓语动词用单数。 The good in him _(outweigh) the bad他身上的优点多过缺点。部分结构中的主谓一致问题(一)“one of+复数名词+whothatwhich分句” 结构中的主谓一致问题 在此结构中，关系代词whothatwhich的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此分句中的动词应该用复数形式。David is one of those people who _ (have) trouble making up their minds大卫属于那一类难下决心的人。This is one of the most interesting questions that _(have) been asked这是所提出的最有趣的问题之一-。只有当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词才是one，而非靠近它的复数名词，因而分句中的动词应用单数形式.Sarah was the only one of the youngest girls who _(play) in the band莎拉是乐队中惟一一位最年轻的姑娘。 (二) what -分句作主语的主谓一致问题在大多数情况下，由what引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词 (多数是be的某种形式)，应按语法一致原则，采取单数形式。 What is needed _is_(be) acts需要的是行动。 然而，在下列情况下，以what-分句为主语的谓语动词也可用复数形式：(1) 在以what-分句为主语的SVC(主语+谓语+补语)结构中，如果主语补足语是复数，谓语动词也可以是复数。 What they want _(be) promises(主语补足语)。他们需要的是诺言。 (2) 当what-分句的主语补足语和谓语动词均为复数形式时，主句的谓语动词也可用复数形式.What appear to be large windows in the second story _ (be) glass heat collector在二楼看上去像大窗户的东西是玻璃聚热器。(3) 当what-分句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词也可用复数形式。 What l say and think _(be) no business of yours(What l say isand what I think is)我所说、所想的与你不相干。 (三) 其他名词性分句如that-分句以及某些非限定分句作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式。1. That they were wrong in this matter _(be) now clear to us all他们在这个问题上是错的，这一点我们现在都清楚了。 2. To talk to him in English _(be) my greatest pleasure与他用英语交谈是我最大的快乐。3. Playing with fire _(be) dangerous玩火是危险的。 Exercises:. 用括号中单词的适当形式填空(如有必要可填两个)。1. Where_(be) that five dollars I lent you? 2. The number of the students in the school_ (have) greatly increased in recent years3. This kind of apples_( taste) very good.4. No news _ (be) good news.5. Ten weeks_ ( have) passed since the new term began.6. A number of students in our class_ ( have) seen the film.7. Five and eight_(be) thirteen.8. Few of his family really_( understand) him.9. One hundred kilometers_(be) a long distance.10. Many a student_( enjoy) pop music.11. Every man and woman_(be) invited to the party.12. The rest of the lecture_(be) not interesting.13. After the exam there_(be) a lot of time for us to relax.14. Here_( come) the three naughty boys from next door.15. None of this milk_(be) sour16. None of the books_(be) interesting.17. Those who only_(think) of themselves can never be happy.18. The police_( have) been sent to search the murderer.19. Nobody but Wu Dong and Wei Fang_(be) in the room.20. He as well as I_(be) active in singing.下列句子中如果有错误请改正:1. The whole family is against his plan. 2. The audience was moved to tears at the words.3. Neither we nor he is right.4. Every means have been tried out without much result.5. The number of tickets is limited. I cant give you more.6. The police is searching the building for the murderer.7. Medical help and care are free of charge in that country.8. Tom and Jack were playing basketball on the playground. The rest of us was at work within door.9. The news are too good to be true.10. Three hours is not enough.11. Half of them are newcomers. They each has little experience in studying English.12. Every man and every woman there have met the famous scientist.13. Great Expectations(远大前程) are a book by Charles Dickens.14. He is one of the greatest presidents who has ever lived.15. The old lives a very happy life in new China. 选择最佳答案。1. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them_absent for different reasons. A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were, were 2. The number of students in the school_ by 5% every year. A. RiseB .raiseC. risesD .raises 3. A good of money_ spent on books. A. haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been4. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _of desert_ covered the land. A. number; hasB. quantity; hasC. number; haveD .quantity; have5. A library with five thousand books _to nation as a gift. A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered6. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play 7. Nobody but Jane _the secret. A.knowB.knowsC.have knownD.is known8. All but one _here just now. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were9. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. isB. areC. amD. be 11. She is one of the few girls who_ in the kindergarten. A. is wellB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well 12. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been13. _ of land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are14. When and where to build the new factory_ yet . A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided15 There _ no life on the moon. A. is said to haveB. are said to have C. is said to beD. are said to be 16. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university. A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hoped 17. A. group of _are eating _and _at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leavesB. sheeps; grass; leafC. sheep; grass; leafD. sheeps; grass; leafs18.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used 19.The principal and professor_to make a speech this afternoon.A. isB. areC. is aboutD. are going20. In our country, every boy and every girl_the right _ to school.A. have to goB. hasto goC. have goingD. has going 21. Many a student _it before, and no one is successful. A. tried B. had triedC. have triedD.has tried22. He is one of the students who _ to America already.A. has been B. have beenC. isD. are23. He is the only one of the boys who _ French in our school.A. speakB. sayC. speaksD. spoken24. Nobody but Tim and his assistants_ in the laboratory yesterday.A. areB. had beenC. wereD. was25. What he says and what he does_.A. do not agreeB. doesnt agree C. dont agree withD. doesnt agree with26. Salt and water _a good drink in summer. A. needsB. needC. isD. are27. Plastics and rubber never_.A. rotsB. rotC. rottedD. rotten28. To say something _one thing, and to do it _another.A. is; areB. are; isC. is ;isD. are; are29.Not only the students but also their teacher _the movie twice. They all like it.A. sawB. seesC .have seenD. has seen 30. Part of the students in the class_ form the countryside.A. areB. is C. comesD. was31. Happiness and success_ on our circumstances, but on ourselves.A. doesnt dependB. dont dependC. dependsD. depend 32. There_ more than one way to solve the problem.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are33. Every means_ been tried since then.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is 34. There _ in this room.A. are too many furnitures B. are too much furnit