倒装语序打印版.doc

倒装语序一、语法概述英语句子一般都是主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序或陈述语序。如果谓语在前、主语在后，就叫倒装语序。二、类型倒装语序有两种，一种是整个谓语都放在主语前面，这是全倒装；一种是谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be等在主语前面，而实意动词或表语仍然在主语后面，这叫半倒装或部分倒装。【一般疑问句使用的都是半倒装语序。】三、作用有些句子需要倒装，主要原因是语法结构上的需要，也有少数是由于修辞上的原因，为了强调某个成分而把它放在句首突出地位。四、应用全倒装语序一般用于下面几种情况：一、秋天来了，树叶落了下来。Autumn coming, the leaves fall down. Autumn coming, down _ . 【备注】1. 表示方向的副词如in（进入，朝里），out（到外），up（向上），down（向下），away（到远处，离去），off（离开，在远方），over（越过），back（向后地），forward（向前地），round（在周围），high（高），low（低）等位于句首。2. 句子的谓语是使用一般现在时或一般过去时的不及物动词 3. 句子的主语是名词这时，该句采用全倒装语序。 【即时练习】1. 飞机起飞了。_ . The plane went up. 2. 史密斯先生进来了。_ Mr Smith came in. 3. 看到警察过来，贼跑开了。 The thief ran away. Seeing the policeman coming, _ . 二、Some potatoes are here. Here _ . 【备注】1. 以地点副词here，there（并非指具体地点）或时间副词now，then（并非指具体时间）开头的句子2. 当其谓语动词是使用一般现在时或一般过去时的be（是），come（来），go（去），follow（跟随），remain（保持，逗留）等不及物动词，3. 句子主语是名词【即时练习】 轮到你了。_ . 公共汽车来了。_ . 铃响了。_ . 三、A small boy sat in front of the house. In front of the house _ . 【备注】表示地点的介词短语位于句首，_ 。【特注】Shandong Province lies to the south of Hebei Province. To the south of Hebei Province lies Shandong Province. Shandong Province lies south of Hebei Province South of Hebei Province lies Shandong Province. 四、中华人民共和国万岁！_ ! 毛主席万岁！ Long live Chairman Mao. May you succeed! 祝你成功！_ ! 【备注】表示祝愿的句子，一般用全倒装语序；如果谓语带有情态动词，则使用半倒装语序。半倒装语序一般用于下面几种情况： 一、She is interested in collecting stamps. I am, too. She is interested in collecting stamps. So _ . She likes reading in bed. Peter does, too. She likes reading in bed. So _ . He cant operate the recorder. I cant, either.He cant operate the recorder. Neither/Nor _. 【备注】前后两个并列句，后句以so/ neither/nor开头，重复前句的部分内容，用半倒装语序。后句的谓语的时态、形式和前句的保持一致。前句是肯定句，后句用so开头，成“So+助动词、系动词或情态动词+主语”；前句是否定句，后句用neither/nor开头，成“Neither/Nor+助动词、系动词或情态动词+主语”。 二、She was so frightened in the darkness that she could not say a word. So frightened _ in the darkness that she could not say a word. 在sothat.（如此以致于）结构中的“_”位于句首，主句使用半倒装语序。【即时即练】_ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. （2006年福建卷）A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little三. He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was over. Only when the war was over _ get happily back to work. 【备注】“only_”位于句首，该句采用半倒装语序。四、她一听到声音就冲进房间。She rushed into the room as soon as she heard the noise. 【用no sooner than; hardlywhen改写】She _ the noise than she _ the room. She _ the noise when she _ the room. 【备注】在“No soonerthan.（一，就）”和“hardly.when（一，就）”句型中，主句用 _，从句用_。【特注】no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句采用半倒装语序。No sooner _ than she _ the room. Hardly _ the noise when she _ the room. 五、We shall never forget the bitter past. Never _ the bitter past. 【备注】以never（决不），not（不），seldom（很少，不常），hardly（几乎不），scarcely（几乎不，简直没有），little（很少），rarely（很少地，罕有地），not until（直到才），at no time（决不），in no case（决不）， in vain（徒然），under no circumstances（决不）等否定副词或有否定意义的副词或短语开头的句子，主句要采用半倒装语序。 六、If I were you, I would go with her. _, I would go with her. 【备注】在if虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were，had或者should，可省略if而将were，had，should置于主语之前。七、不但他所有的一切（财产），而且连他的德国公民权都被剥夺了。他所有的一切被剥夺了。（被动句）Everything he had was taken away. 他的德国公民权都被剥夺了。（被动句）His German citizenship was taken away. 【备注】连词词组not onlybut also（不但，而且）连接两个并列句，前一分句用半倒装语序。Not only _, but also _ .八、虽然他很年轻，他知道得很多。Although he is young, he knows a lot. （although作“虽然”讲，引导让步状语从句） 引导让步状语从句的还有一个词，即as（虽然）。As he is very young, he knows a lot. （错误）Young as he is, he knows a lot. （正确）Although he is a child, he knows a lot. As he is a child, he knows a lot. （错误）A child as he is, he knows a lot.（错误）Child as he is, he knows a lot.（正确）备注：as前面的名词不带任何冠词。Although I can read fast, I cant finish the book in two days. As I can read fast, I cant finish the book in two days. （错误）Fast as I can read, I cant finish the book in two days. （正确）Try as we might, we couldnt find him. 尽管我们很努力，也没能找到他。 【备注】as（虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句中，从句中表语（名词、形容词）、状语或动词原形一般提到as之前。 Young _, he knows a lot. Although he is a child, he knows a lot. Child _, he knows a lot. Although I can read fast, I cant finish the book in two days. Fast _, I cant finish the book in two days. Try as we might, we couldnt find him. 尽管我们很努力，也没能找到他。 【备注】as（虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句中，从句中表语（名词、形容词）、状语或动词原形一般提到as之前。 【高考链接】1. Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repairing and cleaning it. (2008陕西卷.)A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop2. Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them. （2008重庆）A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize3. _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江苏卷）A. Only if, will you B. Only if, you will C. Unless, will you D. Unless, you will4. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _. (2008辽宁卷)A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I5. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. （2008江西卷）A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted6. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _.A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither will D. either he will7. How was the televised debate last night? Super! Rarely _ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate8. Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.A. he realized B. he didnt realize C. didnt he realize D. did he realize9. My room gets very cold at night._.A. So is