倒装精讲与习题.doc

英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。但在实际应用中，因语法结构的需要，或是为了强调，常把谓语移到主语之前，称为倒装。 英语的倒装结构有两种，其中较为常见的是部分倒装，即谓语的一部分移到主语之前。 如：Only when the war was over could he begin to work again 只有在战争结束后他才能够重新开始工作。 另一种倒装是完全倒装结构，即把谓语的全部都移到主语之前。如： 1Here comes the bus公共汽车来了。 2“But what the child said is true.” said the father“可是孩子的话是对的。”父亲说。 下面详细归纳几种常用的倒装结构。 一、几种常见的部分倒装结构： 1Only状语或者状语从句放在句首。如： Only in this way can we improve our English只有这样，我们才能提高英语水平。 Only after you left did l find this bag只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包。 2含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首。如：not，little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等。如： 1）Seldom do I go to work by bus 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 2）Never shall I forget it 我永远不会忘记这件事。 3）No sooner had I got home than it began to rain 我刚一到家，天就开始下雨。 3So放在句首，跟在一个肯定句之后，表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。如： 1）l like travellingSo does he我喜欢旅行，他也喜欢。 2）Her father is a doctorSo is her mother她父亲是位医生，她母亲也是。 3）He has been to Beijing twiceSo have I他去过北京两次，我也去过两次。 4Neither，nor或no more放在句首，作“也不”讲，跟在一个否定句之后，表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。例如： 1）My teacher didnt agree with himNor did I老师不同意他的意见，我也不同意。 2）Im not interested in mathsNeither is he我对数学不感兴趣，他也同样。注：当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时，如be，do或can等等，或者既有肯定式又有否定式时，如have和hasnt等等，不能单独使用so或者neithernor，而应换用另外的句型结构： A：So it is with； B：It is the same with。请见例句： 1）I like chicken, but I dont like fish 我喜欢吃鸡肉，但不喜欢吃鱼。 So it is with me 我也如此。 2）Tom is an American，but lives in China，it is the same with Jack 汤姆是美国人，但他住在中国。杰克也如此。 5副词often，短语many a time，或者so修饰形容词或副词、位于句首时。例如： 1） So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment 在这次事故中他伤得很重，被送进医院治疗。 2）So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling 他那么努力工作，抽不出时间去旅行。 6虚拟条件句省略if时，将were，should或had移到主语之前。如： 1）Should it rain，all the crops would be saved若是下雨的话，庄稼就都得救了。 2）Were my teacher here，he would give some good advice 我的老师如果在这儿，他会提些好建议的。 3）Hadnt it been for his help，we wouldnt have finished the work in time 若非有他帮忙，我们就不能及时完成工作。 7以May或Long live开头的某些表示祝愿的用语。如： 1）May God bless you愿上帝保佑你! 2）May you succeed!祝你成功！ 3）Long live the peoples Republic of China! 8由as though引导的表示“虽然”，“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时，把从句的表语或状语等放在asthough的前面。例如： 1） Young asthough she was, she could work out that problem alone 虽然她很小，但她却能独自解出那道难题。 2）Child asthough he is, he is very brave尽管他是个孩子，但他却非常勇敢。 注意：如果从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。 二、几种常见的完全倒装结构 1there be句型：有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be。如：live，remain，come，stand，go，lie，exist等等。 1）There is a lamp and two cups on the table桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子。 2）There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店。 3）Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India 从前在印度的一个村子里住着六位盲人。 2主语必须是名词由here，there now, then等词开头的句子。如： 1）Here are some interesting stories for you to read这儿有些有趣的故事给你读。 2）There goes the bell铃声响了。 3表示方位的介词、副词放在句首。如：out，in，up，down，away等词。但应注意：句子的主语应是名词，若主语是代词，则不能倒装。如： 1）Out rushed the soldiers 战士们冲了出去。 2）Away went the boy 那男孩走开了。 请比较： 3）Away he went他走开了。 4）Here he comes他来了。 4为了保持句子平衡，强调表语和状语，使句子上下紧密衔接。如： 1）At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree 在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏。 2）Round the corner came a motorcycle 一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来。 5直接引语位于句首。如： 1）“I love you ，”whispered John “我爱你。”约翰悄悄地说道。2）“Help!Help!”cried the boy in the water. 水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊！”倒装用法：1 否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装英语中含有否定意义的词有:never (从不), seldom (很少), few (很少), little (很少), rarely (很少), barely (很少), hardly (很少), scarcely (很少), nowhere (任何地方都不)等。当它们位于句首时，多引起倒装。例如：1) a machine been so efficient and accurate as the electronic computer.A. More than ever before B. Never before has C. In the past, there never has D. Formerly there never was2) Never as bad as it is now in this city. A. air pollution has been B. has been air pollution C. has air pollution been D. air has pollution been3) Little when I embarked on this quest where it would leas me.A. have I known B. had I known C. do I know D. did I know2 否定意义的短语位于句首引起的倒装这类短语有:at no time (决不, 任何时候也不), by no means (决不), in no case (决不),under no circumstances (无论如何也不), in no sense (决不), in no way(决不),on no account (决不), in vain (徒劳), no longer(不再), not until (直到才),no more (不再), not for a moment (从不) 等。此外, 一些短语性连词, 如：not onlybut also (不但而且), no soonerthan (一就), hardly (scarcely)when (一就)也引起倒装。4) At no time, and under no circumstances the first to use nuclear weapon. A. China will be B. will be China C. will China be D. shall China be 5) “On no account to feed animals”, the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage. A. allow visitors B. visitors are allowed C. allow visitors D. are allowed visitors6) Hardly home when the telephone rang.A. I got B. did I got C. I had got D. had I got3 以only或so引导状语或表语位于句首引起的倒装倒装结构有以下几类:only+状语+谓语一部分+主语+谓语的另一部分+so +状语+V+S+V+that引导的状语从句so +表语（形容词）+be+S+V+that引导的状语从句7) Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar correctly. A. you will write B. can you write C. you can write D. you could write8) Only under special circumstances from freshman composition and literature examination. A. freshman excused B. freshman are excused C. are freshman excused D. are excused freshman 9) So little about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. I know B. I knew C. do I know D. did I know10) In fact, so powerful that it paved the way for a whole new era in construction and engineering. A. was the new explosion B. the new explosive wasC. was new explosive D. new explosive was4 So, nor, neither引起的倒装在并列分句中, 如果第二部分所表达的内容与第一部分相同, 习惯上用So, nor, neither引起一个省略的倒装句。肯定式用So,否定式用 nor或 neither。例如：11) surroundings have changed and in them.A. so have the people B. the people have soC. have the people so D. the people so have12) For a long time we hardly saw any lights, we see the shore.A. nor did B. did nor C. nor D. nor do 5 强调性倒装当等副词位于句首表示强调时, 则需要用倒装语序。例如：13) dense was the jungle there that we had to rely on our ears instead of our eyes.A. How B. Extremely C. Very D. So14) that the pilot couldnt fly through it.A. The storm so severe was B. So severe was the stormC. So the storm was severe D. Such was the storm severe 6 让步状语从句的倒装句型一：形容词（副词，名词）+as+主语+动词+主句句型二：动词原形+as+主语+助动词（情态动词）+主句15) , he does get irritated with her sometimes.A. As he likes her much B. Much as he likes herC. As much he likes her D. He likes her so much16) , I couldnt lift the box.A. As I might try B. As try I might C. Try as I might D Try though I might7 省略连词if的虚拟条件句中的倒装若虚拟条件句中含有were或had，should, could等助动词或情态动词时，连词可以省略。省略后，主句不变，从句要用倒装，将were之类的动词提到句首。例如：17) to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today.A. If he went B. should he have gone C. Were he gone D. Had he gone18) you were coming today, Id have met you at the airport.A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had known19) about the tragedy, we would never have come without first calling.A. If we hear B. Did we were C. If we heard D. had we heardKey:1) B 2) C 3) D 4) C 5) C 6) D 7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 11)A12) A 13) D 14) B 15) B 16) C 17) D 18) C 19) D副词quite, fairly, rather的用法？副词 fairly, quite, rather 表示“十分，非常” 的用法。fairly语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite语气较强，放在不定冠词之前；rather语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和 too 之前。例1, This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends.例2, You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few =many)例3, The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. 例4, The student was rather too dull.副词 hardly, scarcely 表示“几乎不” 的用法，具有含否定含义。用于句首时，句子用倒装语序。hardly 和 scarcely 与 when 连用时表示 “一，就”，相当于as soon as.例5, Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left. 例6, Scarcely had I entered the cinema when the film began.副词 only too 的用法 only too 表示“很，非常”。例7, I am only too pleased to help you.倒装句练习1. Look,_.A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coningC. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming2. Where is Kate? Look，_, she is at the school gate. A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is3. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacherC. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher4. Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush5. _, he is honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he6. _, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he7. _, you cant lift yourself up.A. Even youre strong B. Strong as you areC. How strong you are D. In spite youre strong8. So carelessly _that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive9. Early in the day _the news _the enemy were gone. A. come; that B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_ them well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn11. Only after liberation _ to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun12. Not only _ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced13. Not until his father was out of prison_ to school.A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go14. Never before _ seen such a stupid man. A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I15. Rarely _such a silly thing. A. have I heard of B. I have heard ofC. am I heard of D. had I heard of16. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill.A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares17. Only when _ in the afternoon _ able to leave.A. the match was over; they wereB. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they wereD. the match was over; were they18. Hardly _ down _ he stepped in. A. had I sat; than B. I had sat; when C. had I sat; then D. had I sat; when19. No sooner _asleep than she heard a knock at the door. A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell20. She did not see Smith. _. A. Neither did I B. Nor didnt I C. Neither I did D. So didnt I21. In front of the farmhouse _.A. lay a peasant boyB. laid a peasant boyC. a peasant layD. did a peasant boy lie22. You ought to have given them some advice. _, but who cared what I said ? A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So did you D. So I did23. It was hot yesterday. _.A. It was so. B. So was it. C. So it was. D. So it did24. No longer _ to be monitor of the class.A. is he fitB. he is fitC. he fitD. fit be25. You like football very much. _.A. So do I B. So I do C. I do too D. It is the same with me26. Only by practicing a few hours every day_ be able to master the language.A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you27. Hardly _ the bus stop _ the bus arrived.A. we had got to; when B. we had got to; thenC. had we got to; than D. had we got to; when28. Where is your brother? There _. A. he is coming B. he comes C. comes he D. does he come29. _ earlier you would have met him. A. If you came B. If you did come C. Did you come D. Had you come30. Not only _ polluted but _crowded. A. was the city; were the street B. the city was; were the street C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were31. She is a teacher and works at the college. _.A. So is Li Ming B. So does Li Ming C. So is it with Li Ming D. So it is with Li Ming32. Now _ Toms turn to recite the text. A. there is B. is going C. has come D. comes33. Hearing the cat coming, off_. A. fled all the mice B. away fled the mice C. all the mice fled away D. fleeing all the mice34. _ reading and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now. A. Had he practicedB. Did he practiceC. Should he practice D. Were he to practice35. Nearby _ in which they had spent their summer vacation.A. was two housesB. two houses wereC. were two housesD. are two houses36. Not only a writer but also _ here.A. an actor was wantedB. was an actor wantedC. an actor were wantedD. were an actor wanted37. So tired _ after a whole days heavy work that I _ stand on my feet. A. was I; could hardly B. was I felt; could hardly C. was I; couldnt hardly D. I was; hardly couldnt38. Only in this way_expect to get over so many difficulties. A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we39. After that we never saw her again, nor _ from her.A. did we hear B. we heardC. has we heard D. we have heard 40. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realizeC. I didnt realize D. I realize 41. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 42. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 43. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realize 44. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he careC. he cares D. he cared 45. David has made great progress recently. _, and _. A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have D. So has he; so you have 46. It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! _. A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you 47. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 48. _ the people have become masters of their own country that science can really serve the people.A. Only then B. It is only then C. Only whenD. It is only when49. Not only _ difficult to understand, but it was too long. A. it was B. it made C. did it make D. was it50. Only when the rain stopped _ again. A. the match started B. does the match start C. did the match start D. the match had started51. _ had I finished my translation when the class was over. A. Never B. No sooner C. Hardly D. How52. In _ and the lesson began. A. he came B. came he C. he comes D. comes he53. On the wall _ two large pictures.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hanging54. Such _ the results of the experiments.A. is B. was C. are D. as be 55. They have done a good job._.A. So they have done B. So they have C. So have they D. So is it56. _ he realized it was too late to return home.A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark when C. It was not until dark that D. It was until dark that 57. _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is58._ hot is the sun that we cannot go out at present.A. VeryB. TooC. SoD. Such1-10 CADCCBBDBB11-20ADCCABDDBA21-30ADCABDDBDC31-40DDAACAABAB41-50BBABBBCDDC51-58CABCBCDC历届高考英语单项选择题精选（四）倒装句1After that we never saw her again,nor _from her Adid we hear Bwe heardChas we heard Dwe have heard2Not until I began to work_how much time I had wasted Adidnt I realize Bdid I realizeCI didnt realize DI realize3-Do you know Jim quareled with his brother?-I dont know,_ Anor dont care Bnor do I careCI dont care neither DI dont care also4You cant imagine_when they received these nice Christmas presents Ahow they were exvited Bhow excited they wereChow excited were they Dthey were how excited5Not until all the fish died in the river_how serious the