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Unit1 Culture TeachingObjectives 1 Tounderstandthedefinitionsofculture 2 Toknowaboutthemetaphorsofculture 3 Tolearnaboutthecharacteristicsofculture Warm upQuestions 1 HowdidChineseandAmericanperceiveParents beatingtheirownchilddifferently ToshowrespecttotheotherorgivethefacetotheotherIllegalasthechildabuse 2 WhatisagoodfriendinChineseandAmericanculture BeloyaltoeachotherandneverbetrayeventolieBehonestandconstructiveandhelpful 3 HowdidSunwukonginAJourneytotheWestrepresentthetraditionalChinesevaluesandethics Warmhearted compassionate perseverantBad tempered violent DefinitionofCulture Cultureisubiquitous multi dimensionalandall pervasive aswehaveitalmostanywhereandanytime Sowhatisculture Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan164definitionsofculture Wearetryingtoexaminethethreeingredientsofculturetoreachanconsensus pg 5 6 ThreeIngredients artifactsbehaviorconcepts beliefs values worldviews e g Whereasthemoneyisconsideredanartifact theactualspendingandsavingofthemoneyisbehavior Thenthevalueplacedonitisaconcept FromAnthropologicPerspective Cultureis thecivilizationsandachievementsofaparticulartimeorpeople Thisisananthropologist sdefinition FromIntellectualPerspective AccordingtotheConciseOxfordDictionary cultureis theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively Itreferstointellectualperspective suchasmusic art exhibition dance etc WhenyoutalkaboutPicasso Beethoven etc youaretalkingaboutculture FromPsychologicalPerspective Cultureisanobservablepatternofbehaviorwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother FromInterculturalCommunicationPerspective Cultureisalearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs values andnorms whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople Summary Cultureinvolvesatleastthreecomponents thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproducewhattheydowhattheythink MetaphorsforCulture Byexaminingthemetaphorsforculture wearegoingtofigureouttheprominentcharacteristicsofculture TheCulturalIcebergTheCultureOnion Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit visible taught Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly Justasanicebergwhichhasavisiblesectionabovethewaterlineandalargerinvisiblesectionbelowthewaterline culturehassomeaspectsthatareobservableandothersthatcanonlybesuspectedandimagined Alsolikeaniceberg thepartofculturethatisvisibleisonlyasmallpartofamuchbiggerwhole Itissaidnine tenthofcultureisbelowthesurface pg 7 Mongoliansareveryseriousandcomposedintheirexpressions Inthecity thisisbeginningtochangeslightly You llseeanumberofmystudentssmiling Butthisisnottraditional WhenIfirstcamehere myfriendsaskedmewhyAmericanssmilesomuch TheyfeltthatAmericanasmileevenatpeopletheydon tlikeandthatquiteinsincere LisaBuchwalder Kimono Saki TatamitheBeatles Greetings WorktoliveLivetowork Cultureintheouterlayer Aparticularsymbolischosengivesagoodideaofthecultureofthatinstance Heroesarechosenasexamplesforpeopleinaparticulargroup Cultureinthemiddlelayer Thethingsoneissupposedtodoincertainsituationsoratcertainmomentsoftheday theweekortheyear Cultureintheinnernucleuslayer Atthecentreoftheonionliethevalues thereasonswhywedo Thesevaluesarethecoreoftheculture butmoredifficulttoobserveandtoknow eveninone sownculture Culturecanbeimaginedasanonion consistingofmultiplelayers CharacteristicsofCulture Cultureisshared Allcommunicationstakeplacebymeansofsymbols WhycanthepictureonthemoneyprovethemanistheSultanofBrunei Whydoestheimageonmoneyusuallysymbolize Cultureislearned Cultureislearned notinherited Itderivesfromone ssocialenvironment notfromone sgenes Enculturation 文化习得 alltheactivitiesoflearningone sculturearecalledenculturation AnAmericanboywasbornintheunitedStates butgrewupinChina ashisparentsweredoingbusinessinChina HefinishedhisprimaryschoolandjuniorschoolinChina AtschoolhestudiedandplayedwithhisChineseclassmatesandspokemandarin ButhespokeEnglishwithhisparentsathome WhattroubledhisparentsmostwasthathisthinkingandbehaviorswerejustidenticaltoaChineseboy s whichoftenmadehiscommunicationwithhisparentsdifficult Cultureisdynamic pg 6 Cultureissubjecttochange It sdynamicratherthanstatic constantlychangingandevolvingundertheimpactofeventsandthroughcontactwithothercultures Acculturation 文化适应 theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures Cultureisethnocentric 文化中心主义 Ethnocentricisthebeliefthatyourownculturalbackg
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