湖北省武汉为明实验学校九年级英语全册 Unit 9 When was it invented教案+教学设计+学案 人教新目标版.doc

unit 9 when was it invented ?一、 教学目标1、 语言目标：（1）talking about the history of inventions(谈论重要发明的历史及用途)（2）能用被动语态正确表达发明物的历史。如：it was invented in 1876. it was invented by bell.2、知识目标： 学会使用含有被动语态的不同句型结构“when was it invented?” 和“who was it invented by?”来谈论各种发明物的历史。 3、能力目标： 通过了解一些中外发明者的事迹，培养勤奋学习、立志为社会多做贡献的精神。二、重点知识1、重点单词invent, mistake, ancient, produce, pleasant, pie, throw, century, notice, including, knock, basket, metal, below, towards, develop, risen基本要求：会读、会写、会用。2、重点短语be used for, by mistake, in the end, by accident, according to, fall into, in this way, knock into基本要求：会读、会写、会用。3、重点语法the passive voice(被动语态的用法):1. when was / were . invented?2. who was / were . invented by?3. what is / are . used for?基本要求：理解其含义，学以致用。三、导学案section a例析导学1. when was it invented?invent v. 发明，创造 例如：he has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。do you know who invented computers? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？【拓展】（1）inventor n. 发明家，创造者，发明者 例如：edison was a great inventor. 爱迪生是一个伟大的发明家。（2）invention n. 发明（物），创造 例如：edison had 1,093 inventions. 爱迪生有1，093项发明。2theyre used for seeing in the dark.它们被用于在黑夜里观看。be used for表示“被用来做”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。【拓展】含有be used的常用短语：（1）be used as表示“被用作”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。this book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。（2）be used by表示“被使用”，by后接动作的执行者。this kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.3battery-operated slippers were invented by julie thompson.电池控制的拖鞋是朱莉。汤普森发明的。operate v. 操作，作业【拓展】（1）operate v. 操作，作业 例如：can you operate the computer? 你会用电脑吗？（2）operate v. 动手术，用于operate on sb. “给某人做手术”。例如：the doctor will operate on his mother at once. 那位医生将马上为他的母亲动手术。（3）operate v. 经营，管理 例如：the company operates ten factories. 这家公司经营着10家工厂。（4）operation n. 手术 例如：she had an operation for stomach. 她做过胃部手术。3. id like to have a radio because i could listen to music all day.我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。the weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。【拓展】could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。he hurt his foot and couldnt play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。专项训练用方框中所给词的适当形式填空：invent slipper use heat helpi. whats a pen _ for?ii. when was the piano _?iii. i think the light bulb is the most _ invention.iv. when were electric _ invented?v. is this your _ ice cream scoop? 句析导学when was it invented ?它是什么时候被发明的？这句话使用的是被动语态：(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思如何理解被动语态？ 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如： many people speak english.被动语态 english is spoken by many people.专项训练1. the bridge _ by the farmers themselves in 1982.a. built b. was builtc. buildd. was build 2. all the books will _ to the children who live in the small village.a. be sentb. sentc. be sendd. send3. keys _ used for _ the doors.a. is, openingb. is, openedc. are, opening d. are, opened 4. my mother told me that my homework must _ on time.a. finishb. be finishc. be finishedd. finished 5. when _ the car _?a. did, invent b. was, invented c. does, invent d. in, invented 6. where is mary ? she _in the cinema an hour ago.a. saw b. was seen c. is seen d sees7.a half of the news _ in english.a. is writing b. writes c. are written d. is written 教学设计 1导入新课（1a）:1）让学生看书上的5幅图画，告诉学生这些东西都是在最近150年中被发明的。2）在黑板上写出这五个发明的单词。computer, car, calculator, telephone, tv set让五个学生猜并且写出这五项发明的时间。3）让学生重复这些问题和答案：t: when was the computer invented?（学生重复）ss: when was the computer invented?t: good now tom, what is your guess?s1: 1965t: ok the computer was invented in 1965t: class, please repeatss: the computer was invented in 19654）让学生回答下列的四个问题：1 which one do you think is the oldest? 2 which one is the newest? 3 which one do you think is the oldest or the first invention? 4 which one is the newest or last invention?5）让学生看方框中的例子，然后让学生们练习这个对话。a: i think the telephone was invented before the car b: well, i think the telephone was invented after the car6）让学生四人一组讨论这五项发明，用上面的对话作为例子练习。这样就能找出这五项发明的正确时间。2听力练习（1b）：1) 这一部分让学生在对话中练习目标语言。2) 让学生说出图中五项发明的名字，然后看看左面的发明时间。3）播放录音。answersd 1876 a 1885 e 1927 c 1971 b 19763对话练习（1c）：1)要求两个学生先读一遍对话： sa: when was the telephone invented?sb: i think it was invented in 18762）让学生两人一组，用1b中的信息练习对话，告诉他们互相交换练习。4听力练习：2a读这三项发明shoes with adjustable heels，battery operated slippers， heated ice cream，scoop并作一些解释，告诉学生写出听到的正确的顺序。2b1）让学生读三个标题inventions, who was it invented by?和 what is it used for?然后让学生读每一个标题下的信息。 2）播放录音。3）检查答案。5小组练习：这一部分让学生利用目标语言练习口语。1）让两名学生读示范对话。sa: what are they used for?sb: theyre used for seeing in the dark2）让学生利用2b中的信息来拓展对话，例如：（pointing to the inventions）a: what are these?b: they are battery-operated slippersa: what are they used for?b: they are used for seeing in the darka: who were they invented by?b: they were invented by julie thompson63a这部分是要求学生运用目标语言练习听说读写。1）让学生看三个发明的图片。2）给学生举例解释helpful inventions 和 annoying inventions 。例如：吸尘器是有用的，而噪音大的卡车是令人厌烦的。3）让学生两人一组完成表格。sample answers helpful inventions annoying inventions 1 bike 1 recorder 2 tv set 2 guitar 3 computer 3 tractor 4 plane 4 loudspeaker 5 umbrella 5 mobile phone7口语练习（3a）：1) 让学生齐读题目要求。然后告诉学生：i think the most helpful invention is the computer because it has changed the world a lot2）让两名学生读一遍示范对话：sa : what do you think is the most helpful invention?sb: i think the most helpful invention is the light bulbsa: why is that?sb: well, it gives people more time to work and play every day3）让其他学生两人一组练习，然后互相讨论这个对话。8小组活动（4）：1） 让学生先看图片，鼓励学生去描述图片上的情景。2） 让学生四人一组讨论。9总结：本节课我们学习了很多关于发明的知识，并且做了很多关于发明的口语练习。10作业：1）记住这一部分所学的所有语言点。2）能熟练表达有关发明的内容。 词语辨析alone 和 lonely 的用法区别：alone是形容词，意为“单独的”，不带感情色彩。 例如：i happened to be alone in the room. 我碰巧一个人在屋里。when his wife died, he lived alone. 他妻子去世后，他独自生活。lonely ady. 意为“孤独的，寂寞的”， 有感情色彩。 指地方时表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”。 例如：he feels lonely when he is alone. 他独自一人时感到寂寞。the old man lives in a lonely small village. 那位老人住在一个偏僻的村庄里。section b 例析导学1the potato chips were invented by mistake.土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。mistake n. 错误，误会，过失【拓展】(1) mistake n. 错误，误会，过失 例如：it was a mistake buying that car. 买那辆车是个错误。 (2)by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。sorry, i took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。(3) mistake v. 误解，弄错 mistake . for “错把当作”例如：i mistake her for her sister. 我把她错认为是她妹妹。2. the customer thought the potatoes werent thin enough. 顾客认为土豆（片）不够薄。enough adj. 足够的 修饰形容词或副词时要放在修饰词之后；但它修饰名词时则放在名词之前； 例如：we didnt leave early enough. 我们离开得不够早。we havent got enough time. 我们没有足够的时间。3george wanted to make the customer happy. 乔治想让那位顾客高兴。make v. 使怎么样， 其后往往带复合宾语，常用句型如下：（1）主语+make+宾语+名词（做宾补）。例如：the boss can make the young man a rich man. 那个老板能使那个年轻人变为一个富翁。（2）主语+make+宾语+形容词（做宾补）。例如：the news made her happy. 这消息使她很高兴。（3）make 之后也可节省略to 的不定式做宾语的补足语，其句型为：“主语+ make+宾语+do sth”。 例如：nothing will make me change my mind. 无论什么事都不能使我改变主意。4george crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. george crum将它们做了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。（1）在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到为止”。i worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。（2）在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到才”，“不到不”。the rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。i wont leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。5. and he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (p71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思，常构成sprinkle a on/over b 或sprinkle b with a表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。she sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。he sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含”，其意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloudcloudy, hairhairy, roserosy, sleepsleepy等。6did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world(after water), was invented by accident?accident n. 意外的事； 偶然的事【拓展】(1)accident n. 意外的事； 偶然的事 例如：it is quite an accident. 这是一件很偶然的事。(2) accident n. 事故 例如：he was killed in a traffic. 他在一起交通事故中丧生。(3) by accident 同义词组为 by chance, 意为：偶然，无意中 例如：i met her by accident in a crowded bus. 我意外地在拥挤的公共汽车中遇见她。7. some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time.附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。fall v 落下【拓展】(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。 some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。a ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。he fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。(3)remain v.表示“继续、依然、停留”，后面接名词，动词不定式。he remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。it sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。she remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。特别提示remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。i cant go to the cinema because i have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。8the emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. notice v. 注意，注意到【拓展】（1）notice v. 注意，注意到 例如：did you notice anything strange?你注意到什么奇怪的东西了吗？i noticed (that) he left late. 我注意到他走得很晚。（2）notice n. 布告，公告，告示，启示 例如：put up a notice, please. 请张贴个布告。（3）notice 后还可接复合宾语即notice sb. do/doing sth. 接不定式时，指看到一个动作或一件事情的全过程。接动词-ing形式则指看到或听到一个正在进行的动作，而不是过程。i noticed tom play football on the play ground. 我注意到汤姆在操场上踢足球。he didnt notice me carrying a big box when i came into the room. 当我走进房间时，他没有注意到我扛着一个大箱子。produce v. 生产，制造，表示“制造”时， 与make较为接近。例如：he worked hard to produce good crops from poor soil. 他辛勤耕作，为使贫瘠的土地上长出好庄稼。the factory produces toys. 这家工厂生产玩具。9later he decided to taste the hot mixture. taste v. 品尝【拓展】（1）taste v. 品尝 例如：have you ever tasted horse meat? 你尝过马肉吗？the apple tastes sweet. 这个苹果吃起来很甜。（2）taste v. 品尝 作系动词 例如：the cake tastes good. 蛋糕尝起来味道很好。10. and in this way, one of the worlds fatvorite drinks was invented.就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。way n. 方法本句中的in the way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。the song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。in this way, you will find the answer to this question. 用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。【拓展】way主要有以下几种用法：（1）表示“方法”，接不定式，.way to do sth这一结构等于.way of doing sth。scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。there are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。（2）表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on ones/the way to.“在的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。im on my way home.我正在回家的路上。shes on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。（3）表示“方向”。look this way.看这边。go that way.往那边走。（4）表示“距离”，“路程”。 beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。专项练习：用所给词的适当 形式填空1. the soup is too _(salt ) i dont like it .2 sony is the _ (thin )boy in the class .3. who were they _( discover ) by ?4. its _(use ) for scooping really cold ice cream .5. what do you think is the most useful _(invent )?6.tea _(not bring ) to the western world until 1610.7. the potato chips were invented by a chef _(call ) george grum. 句析导学did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world ( after water), was invented by accident? 你知道茶-世界上（在水之后）最受欢迎的饮料，是被意外地发明的吗？the most popular drink in the world ( after water)是说明性的名词短语，在句中作宾语从句的主语tea的同位语。主语的同位语常放在主语之后，前后都用逗号隔开。例如：it is said that wei wei , the famous singer, is coming to jinan next week. 据说著名歌手韦唯下周要来济南。专项练习：补全对话:a: its time for tea break. _?b: yes, please. im thirsty.a: _?b: green tea, please. i prefer green tea to black tea.a: _?b: no, thanks. i dont like it with milk. i like the tea with nothing in it. a: _.b: thanks. oh, how nice the tea is!a: im very glad you like it.b: _?a: its grown in hangzhou. its called longjing.b: ive never drunk such nice tea. thanks.教学设计：1复习：1）检查上节课布置的作业2） 问学生一些关于发明的问题，例如： what do you think is the most helpful invention?3） 听写单词。2导入新课（1a）：1）让学生齐读这部分的四个单词，然后帮助学生解释这四个单词的意思。例如：sweet is used for describing something that tastes like sugar or honey its the opposite word of sourafter that, ask the students to tell the names of the foods in the pictures potato chips, lemon, ice cream, tea2）让学生选择正确的单词填在相应的图片下。answers: potato chips: crispy, salty lemon: sour ice cream: sweet tea: sweet3拓展练习（1b）：答案不是唯一的，例如：sweet: apple, orange juice, soda, cake, honeycrispy: french fries, salad, lettucesalty: french fries, olives, pepperoni, pizza, popcornsour: pickle, grapefruit4. 听力练习：2a: 1）让学生齐读方框中的六个句子。2）互相讨论这六个句子的意思，并对学生不理解的地方一一解答。3）播放录音，让学生判断正误。answers 1 t 2 f 3 t 4 f 5 f 6 t1) 2b: 告诉学生边听边填空。2) 在播放录音之前，让学生尽可能地踩出正确答案。播放录音。answers 1 did you know 2 were invented 3 1853 4 were crispy 5 really salty5 会话练习（2c）：1) 再播放一遍录音，让学生跟读。2) 让学生分角色练习对话，使用2a 和2b中的信息。63a1) 听写这部分内容的单词和词组。2）告诉学生这是一篇关于茶叶发明的文章，自己读一遍课文，然后回答下列问题：1 what is the article about?2 when was it invented?3 who was it invented by?4 how was it invented? 答案： 1 the article is about the invention of tea 2 it was invented over three thousand years ago 3 it was invented by the chinese emperor, shen nong 4 it was invented by accident3）要求学生再读课文，提出不明白或不理解的问题，并且解答问题。7写作训练（3b）：1) 给学生出示一个真的飞盘，告诉他们我们将要写一篇有关飞盘的文章。2) 和学生一起看左面方框中的信息，指出新的单词和词组。3）让学生思考一会，然后接着右边的句子完成这篇文章。4）抽查个别学生的作文，其他学生互相改正错误。例文：the flying disk is a toy which was invented by a group of college students it was invented in the 1950sin fact, the students didnt invent itthey just discovered it the original flying disk was really a metal pie plate from a bakery named bridgeport in connecticut the students there liked to eat the bakerys pies and then they threw the pie plates around a company began making plastic disk now there are flying disk clubs, a flying disk magazine, and even a national flying disk festival in septemberdont you think its amazing that all this started from a pie plate?8解决问题（4a）：1)让学生讨论他们所讨厌做的事情，并且发明一种能够代替他们做的东西。2）让学生把讨论的结果写在右边的表格里。9.对话训练（4b）：这部分活动是让学生运用目标语言训练听力和口语。1） 让学生两人一组谈论他们的发明。2） 让一组学生完成右边的对话。3） 其他学生仿照他们的对话来练习。10作业：1）记住茶叶发明的过程。2）把4b改写成文章而不是对话。 词语辨析1.in the end, at the end of 和by the end of的用法区别：（1）in the end 同义词组为at last 或 finally， 意为“最后，终于”。 at last 表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，也可以用来表示等候或耽误了很长时间之后；finally 在列举事物或论点时，用来引出最后一项内容，也可以表示“等了好久才”。in the end 也可以表示经过一番努力或曲折过程，不但可以用于过去时，还可用于将来时，预卜未来。例如：the boys climbed onto the top of the mountain at last. 男孩们终于爬上了山顶。im sure youll succeed in the end. 我相信你最后会取得成功。（2）at the end of “在末端，到尽头，在结束时”,既可指时间，又可指地点。例如：he lives in the house at the end of the street. 他住在街尽头的那栋房子里。i can finish writing the book at the end of this month. 本月底我能写完这本书。（3）by the end of “到末为止” 。和过去完成时连用。例如：we had planted 500 trees by the end of last week. 到上周末为止，我们已栽了500棵树。2invent 和discover的用法区别：invent 意为“发明”， 是发明或创造不曾存在的东西。而discover 意为“（先与他人）首次发现已经存在的东西。” 例如：who discovered the new world? 谁发现了新大陆？3quite 和very 的用法区别：quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面。例如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面。 例如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： i am very happy.= i am quite happy. 我非常高兴。专项练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. by the time we got home, my mother _ (go) out for a walk. 2. when _ your classmate _ (come) into his class this morning? 3. his father was ill. he had to _ (stay) at home today. 4. _ you ever _ (see) that man over there, alice? 5. dont forget _ (close) the windows when you leave your room. 6. the young man asked the girl _ (marry) him. 7. it _ (be) so hard that we couldnt see the way to our school clearly. 8. english _(speak) in the world widely. 9. the boy might _ (become) a good scientist in the future. 10. a person who _ (speak) english is standing with some children in the street.self-check and reading 例析导学1. i prefer lemons to oranges. i like the sour taste.prefer v. ，宁可，宁愿，更喜欢拓展：（1）prefer v. 宁可，宁愿，更喜欢 例如：do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？（2）preferto 喜欢胜过; 比起更喜欢 例如：she prefers coffee to tea. 她喜欢咖啡胜过茶。（3）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿干某事也不干某事 例如：he preferred to stay at home rather than go with us. 他宁愿呆在家里，也不愿和我们一起去。（4）prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比较起干某事来，更喜欢干某事 例如：he always prefers staying at home to walking outside. 比起到外面走走，他一向比较喜欢呆在家里。children prefer playing to learning. 孩子们比起学习来更喜欢玩。reading 2. dr naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game.奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。本句中的o是动介短语，与o同义，意为“把划分成”，其中divide是及物动词。 my father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。we divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。3. it is believed that on december 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。(1)本句中的it is believed that. 相当于people believe that.是“人们相信/认为”的意思，that引导的是主语从句。it is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billi