名词性从句大全.doc

名词性从句 一、 名词性从句的定义和分类 名词性从句相当于名词，在句中做主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1. When we will start is not clear. 主语从句 2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 宾语从句 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 表语从句 4. I had no idea that you were her friend. 同位语从句二、名词性从句的连接词 1 从属连词 that / if / whether that 无词义，在句中不担任成分；if / whether 有词义，但在句中也不担任成分。 2 连接代词 who / whom / whose / what / which 有词义，并在句中担任主语、表语、宾语或定语等成分。 3 连接副词 when / where / why / how 有词义，并在句中担任状语的成分。四主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether； 代词有who, what ,which；副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:.由从属连词引导的主语从句： a.Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationis somethingwemustdiscuss. b.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall. .由连接代词引导的主语从句： a.Whatweneedismoretime. b.Whichtypeofcoaltheyaregoingtoburnneedstobedecided. c.Whoeverisheregetsaprize.由连接副词引导的主语从句： a.Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasntbeenannounced b.Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle. c.Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily. 注： (1)单个主语从句作主语时（包括两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句），谓语动词要用单数；如果由and 连接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.(2)主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语it，而把主语从句移到句未去。it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有： （1）It+be+形容词+that从句 ItisquiteclearthatTomwasfondofmusic. （2）It+be+名词+that从句 Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake. （3）It+be+过去分词+that从句 Itsnotyetdecidedthatwhenthetestwillbegiven. （4）Itseems,happens等不及物动词+that从句 IthappenedthatIdidnttakeanymoneywithme. It seems that he doesnt like the dish. 这里面要注意以下情况：1、 当what引导的主语从句表示“东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。 Whatheneedsismoreexperience. Whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从句一般也不用it作形式主语。 如： Whatever he has done is right.Whichever he likes has nothing to do with me.whatever,whoever,whichever还可连接让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/who/whichWhatever (=no matter what) he has done , I can forgive him.2、但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。a. Itdoesnt matterwhetherhelikesornot. b. Itssaidthatthehighwaywillbeopentotrafficnextyear. c. Isitlikelythatitwillsnowintheafternoon? d. It turned out that he was right.e. It happened that he took the same train.(3)主语从句不在句首，可以用if代替whether,但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if. a.Itsnotcleartomewhether(if)shelikestojoinourdiscussion. b.Whethershelikestojoinourdiscussionisnotcleartome. (4) It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 （注：此点是常考点，也是易错点）It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句句型的结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句（如果被强调部分是人，也可用who代替that），是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 巩固练习：一、改错练习1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3.That is certain that we can win. 4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language. 二、选择1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because4. _ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where6. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 7. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It10. There is no doubt _. A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy C. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health三、宾语从句宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾词，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which；副词 when ,where, how, why 等。1、类型及物动词后的宾语从句： 1、由从属连词引导的宾语从句 Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing. 2、由连接代词引导的宾语从句 Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport. 3、由连接副词引导的宾语从句 Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation. 介词后的宾语从句： 1.IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish. 2.Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid. 某些形容词后的宾语从句： 1.IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglish throughhardwork. 2.Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous. 非谓语动词后的宾语从句： 1.Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeigner smiledandsaidnothing. 2.OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,he answered“Terrible”. 形式宾语it 引导的宾语从句，一般谓语动词是及物动词 consider、find、make、regard、see、take、think等1.Wemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbe punished. 2.Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice. 3.He always takes it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.2、语序与时态1）从句要用称述句语序Im not sure when they will start.He told me why he didnt come yesterday.2）宾语从句的时态特点宾语从句的时态有时受主句时态的影响。 1、主句使用现在时（包括一般现在时与现在完成时）时，从句可以使用任何时态，从句时态可以与主句一致，也可以根据从句本身的需要使用各种时态。 Ithinkyouareright. Ithinkyouwerewrongatthattime. Ithinkshellcomeintime. Ithinkhehasalreadyfinishedhishomework. Idoubtwhetherheistellingthetruth. ShehastoldmethatshehasneverbeentotheGreatWall. 2、主句使用过去时，从句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态以外，一律使用过去时态。 Hesaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun. 从句中含有过去时间状语时，使用一般过去时。 Ididntthinkhewaswrongyesterday. 从句中没有过去时间状语，但谈论的是过去发生的事实或 从句含有完成时态状语时，常用过去完成时。 Ididntthinkhehadbeenwrong. 从句中含有将来时间状语或虽不含有时间状语，但却是谈论未来发生的事实，使用过去将来时。 Iwonderedwhetheryouwouldminddoingmeafavour.3、要注意的几个问题后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 五表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; as if, as though; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等，一般结构是“主语十连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。 1.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking. 2.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople. 3.ThatsjustwhatIwant. 4.Thisiswhereourproblemlies. 5.ThedifficultyishowIcanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit. 6.His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.注：1.如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时, 后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。2.表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由asif或asthough引导 Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain. 3.另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构： thereasonisthat it(this,that)isbecause 1.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidntwork hard. 2.Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness. 六同位语从句同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。（对同位语概念的理解要准确）1如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导，而且that不能省略。如 :1）The thought that we might success excited us.2）The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.2如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否、什么、谁、什么时候、什么地方、什么方式等含义时，则用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑问词引导。如：1）The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未讨论。2）I have no idea when he will be back.3）She raised the question where we could get the fund. 她提出这个问题，我们到哪里弄这笔资金。4）I have some doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这份工作，我有点怀疑。（比较：Theres no doubt that Robert will keep his promise. 毫无疑问，罗伯特会履行诺言的。）注意：主句为肯定句时，doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导，主句为否定句时，doubt之后的同位语从句用that引导。3有时可用namely（即），that is to say, in other words, that is, i.e.(=that is), for example 等列出同位语，说明其前面的名词（或代词）。如：He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.4同位语从句与定语从句区别 （注：这是重点和难点）1先行词不同：一般说来，定语从句的先行词由名词或代词充当，同位语从句的先行词常常是抽象名词，而且在定语从句中，when, where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词，而同位语从句中没有此对应关系。1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.3）He didnt tell us the date when he would come back.4）I have no idea when he will come back.2从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的具体内容，于先行词是同位关系；定语从句用来修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词是修饰关系。 1）The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）2）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）3引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，作宾语时常可省略。1）Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）2）Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）3）The news (that) he told me is exciting. (that 作宾语，可省略)4 when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别: when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：This is the place where the accident happened.They put forward the question where they could get the money.练习：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 七名词性从句要注意的问题 （注：这是重点）1If和whether区别： whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money. We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or nwhether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.后面直接跟动词不定式时，如：He doesnt know whether to stay or not.2That用法：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that和what的区别。（此点理解较难，是重点）that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. What the teacher told him helped him much.3名词性从句的语序：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.The question is how they can get so much money in such short time.4. 一个坚持：insist两个命令：order、command 三条建议：suggest、advise、propose四项要求：ask、request、require、demand在由以上动词及其转过来的同根词所构成的名词性从句中谓语动词均为（should）+动词原形 课堂精炼 09年一模1._ gets home first is to cook supper for our big family. （09卢湾区一模）A. Who B. WhoeverC. WhomD. Those who 2. _ follows is the list of goals for salt reduction for our typical dieter. （09 静安一模）A. WhoB. WhenC. What D.How3. Its reported _ some 100,000 college graduates will be chosen to assume village officials across the country in 5 years. （09宝山区 一模） A if B because C when D that4. There is no doubt such an interesting story will be a box-office success. （09崇明一模）A. ifB. soC. whenD. that5The young man waited in the park and after _ seemed half an hour the girl finally came（ 09普陀一模）Athat Bit Cwhich Dwhat6._ air pollution will rebound （反弹） in the coming years remains a great concern not only for the government, but also for local residents. （ 09杨浦一模）A. If B. That C. WhetherD. /7. Technology is here to stay and _ it improves our lives or ruins the planet depends on how we make use of it. （09浦东一模） A. whether B. why C. what D. how 10年一模1. _ doesnt matter is whether she will join in our activity or not. We have enough members. (10宝山一模) A. It B. What C. That D. Which2. -Mrs. White looks old for her age.-Yes. It worries her most_her hair is turning gray. (10奉贤一模) A. while B. if C. that D. for3._ I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. (10黄浦一模)A. WhatB. WhetherC. ThatD. Which4._ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed. (10金山一模)A. WhetherB. WhyC. ThatD. What5._ those boys called the grey-headed gentleman really made the old man frustrated. (10卢湾一模) A. WhichB. WhetherC. HowD. What 6. _ really matters at a debate is not what you say but the way you say it. (10青浦一模) A. WhatB. That C. Whether D. It7.How _ to their children has a strong influence on the character of the children. (10杨浦一模)A. parents are closeB. are parents closeC. close parents areD. close are parents09年一模1Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (09南汇一模)AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever2. He is a very changeable man. You will never know _ he will do or think. （09崇明一模）A. whetherB. whatC. howD. that3A students usually less likely to fail all examination if he knows exactly _topics will be tested（09虹口一模） Ahow Bthat Cwhat Dwhich4. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.（ 09普陀一模）Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhenever5In his blog，the Chinese basketball player Yi Jianlian said that_he wanted most was to play in the 2009 NBA Allstar Game in Phoenix（09闸北一模） Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dthat6. We will be for _ promises to volunteer to help us solve the puzzling problem. （09嘉定一模）A. whoever B. any one of themC. those who D. anyone 7. Mr. Smith was so angry at all _ Bill was doing _ he left. （09嘉定一模）A. that; what B. that; that C. which; which D. what; that8. Whenasked_theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeel importantandloved. （09浦东一模） A. which B. that C. what D. who10年一模1. A free gift will be given to _ completes the questionnaire before the activity begins. (10宝山一模) A. whomever B. whom C. whoever D. who2. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (10崇明 一模)A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whenever3.Despite a lot of research, scientists can not figure out _quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out. (10奉贤一模) A. that B. as C. why D. when4. The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to relieve the hardships of the victims in the snow-stricken area. (10虹口一模) A. howeverB. whereverC. whicheverD. whatever5.After looking through the art books here, I found Andrews paintings to be the closest to _ I thought good paintings should look. (10黄浦一模)A howB. whatC. thatD. why6. In Copenhagen climate summit, countries were trying to create they hoped would be the best way to save the planet although arguments existed. (10嘉定一模) A. which B. that C. what D. who7. The first time I saw the lovely little girl, I held her in my arms tenderly and asked _.(10金山一模) A. how old she was and whether was she here on vacationB. what was her name and where was she from C. how old was she and whether she was here on vacationD. what her name was and where she was from8. Many people in the city wonder _the city officials have the information they need to solve the problem. (10浦东一模) A. that B. which C. what D. whether9. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (10普陀一模)A. which B. that C. what D. who10. You can imagine _ to settle down to work on the newspaper at two pounds a week, when I knew that I could earn as much as that in a single day as a beggar. (10徐汇一模)A. how hardlywas it B. what hard was it C. how hard it was D. what hard it was11. In the end, the self-important man had to admit that he had no idea of _ influence this incident w