感叹句的的讲练.doc

感叹句是对人或事物的性质、程度或内容表示感叹。通常以感叹号结尾。感叹句的引导词通常有what和how。感叹句的基本句型句型一：What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！说明：在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词（如fun, weather等）。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！当其中的名词带有形容词的意味时，what类感叹句省略形容词。What a surprise! 真是意想不到! What fun we could have! 我们玩得多开心啊句型二：How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！感叹句型总结How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分！How+形容词或副词+其他成分！What +名词+其他成分！What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分！What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分！What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！请看以下例子： Its an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊！ Its wonderful weather. 天气很好。What wonderful weather! 天气真好！ He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊！ Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快！感叹句课堂练习：一、将下列句子变成感叹句。 1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today! 3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is today! 4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely. _ _ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live!STEP TWO:反意疑问句规则：1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I Wishmay +主语 no,nothing,nobody,never, few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义rarely, little等否定含义的词 ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+v.(had to+v.)dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor, eitheror 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语 指示代词或不定代词everything,that,主语用itnothing,this 并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语 省去主语的祈使句 will you？Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you? there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句 写出下列句子的反意疑问句。1. I am not late, _?2. We dont think she can do it, _?3. He has never been to Japan,_?4. His name is Wang Lei, _?5. I think he can do it by himself, _?6. Hed like an apple, _?7. Lets go out for a walk, _?8. Let us have a rest, _?9. Youd better put on your coat, _?10. Shell go to platy basketball, _?11. The Greens have been to the Great Wall _?12. There is no air or water on the moon, _?13. There will be a film tonight, _?14. Open the door, _?15. Dont play on the road, _?16. Everyone is here, _?17. Nothing is interesting, _?18. Some of the apples are bad, _?19. No one knows you here, _?20. Mr. Green is unhappy, _?中考本考点的真题。（如果你会做那就很棒的啊）1. Hes flown to Qingdao for summer holidays, _ he?a. isnt b. wasnt c. hasnt d. doesnt2. The town government set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, _?a. does it b. doesnt it c. did it d. didnt it3.Aunt Huang thought that she could pass the exam and get a driving licence, _ she?a. couldnt b. did c. didnt d. could4.There will be a volleyball match in our school, _?a. be there b. is there c. will there d. wont there5.Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, _?a. did he b. couldnt he c. didnt he d.could he 6.-Lets go and play football, _?-Thats wonderful.a. will you b. do you c. wont we d. shall we7.-Hes never stolen anything before, _ he?-_. Its his third time to be taken to the police station.a. hasnt yes b. isyes c. has.yes d. has. no8.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _?-_, she got up too late.a. had she .yes b. hadnt she .yes c. did sheno d. didnt she no9.-He didnt go to school this morning, did he?-_.though he was not feeling very well.a. no, he didnt b. yes , he did c. no ,he did. D. yes,he didntSTEP THREE: 被动语态1被动语态的结构：被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如:The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如:The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.在初中阶段,要求学生们掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目,一般会从上述三种情况中出;其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可,它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。2主动语态变被动语态的方法：把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday.主语谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday.主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。3注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型：1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如:We find English very useful.English is found very useful 宾语宾补I often hear him sing in his room.He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如:The books sell well.The food tastes good.4不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。(错) The price has been risen.(对) The price has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week.(错) The price has raised.(对) The price has been raised.(错) Please seat.(对) Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.PS:5英语被动语态考点例析主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如：1. Today Chinese _by more and more people around the world.A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village？-A lot of new roads _，I think.A. have to buildB. must build C. have built D. must be built简析：被动语态的句子是由“助动词be动词的过去分词”这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变，所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。特殊情况：（一）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by动作的执行者”可以省略。1. I wont leave my office until my work .A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished简析：D.动作的执行者很明确，可以省略。（二）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。2. Dad，the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_on the phone.A. is wanted B. are wantedC. wantsD. want简析：A.不清楚动作的执行者，用被动语态。（三）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。3. Students cant take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态）Magazines cant_ the reading-room by students.简析：填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词，变为被动语态后，不要漏掉out of.（四）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for；或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.（改为被动语态）A Christmas present_to me by my uncle last year简析：填was sent.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。6初中英语被动语态专项练习用下列动词的被动语态形式填空1.Xinyang Mao Jian _ (grow) in Xinyang .2.Many trees _(plant) in China every year, but they are still not enough.3.Now many difficult and dangerous kinds of work _ (can do) by robots in factories.4.The Great Wall _ (build) thousands of years ago .5.It is said that more good teachers _(will send) to the rural areas in Xinxiang next year.6.You have to be 18 years old before you _ (allow) to drive a car.7.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish(垃圾) _(must throw) into the river.8.Old people must _ (speak) politely .选出正确答案：( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 .English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5. New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7.-Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( )8. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( )9. The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( )10. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )12.Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( )13. These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( )14.The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( )15.-My shoes are worn out. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( )16. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( )17. _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( )18.Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( )19.Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( )20.Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. Am7被动语态中考题1.Last year, Li Hua, a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games. A. is choosing B. is chosen C. was choosing D. was chosen2.Whos the little baby in the photo, Susan? Its me. This photo _ ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken3.It is reported that the Underground Line No. 3 _ in our city in 2010. A. will build B. has built C. will be built D. has been built4.Twenty students in this university _ to Australia to study last year, and more students are expecting to have the chance next year. A. are sent B. were sent C. will send5.The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. was invented B. has been invented C. is invented D. will be invented6.Do you plant trees in spring? Yes. Many trees _ in our city every year. A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted7.Look at the sign on the right. Oh, parking _ here. A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowed C. didnt allow D. wasnt allowed8.When you leave the room, make sure the door _. A. was locked B. is locked C. will be locked D. should be locked9.What should we do first of we want to develop our village? A lot of new roads _, I think. A. must be built B. have to built C. must build D. have built10. Now Chineses become the popular language that _ widely _ in the world. A. is; learned B. is; learning C. will; learn D. was; learned11. Do you believe there are aliens? Im afraid not. I dont think aliens _ in space. A. can find B. can be found C. can be founded D. cant be found12. Things should _ here before you