湖北省荆门市高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解（1）.doc

科普环保类阅读理解（1）2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 how could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments mostly for entertainment purposes is fair and respectful?zoo officials say they are concerned about animalshowever, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitatszoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes. zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beautyzoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural rangethe animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs the animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercisethis results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosisa worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cagesanother study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangeredcaptive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wildzoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying outin fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customershavent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals? actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill theminstead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.【小题1】how would the author describe the animals life in zoos? adangerousbunhappycnaturaldeasy.【小题2】in the state of zoochosis, animals _. aremain in cagesbbehave strangelycattack other animalsdenjoy moving around【小题3】what does the author try to argue in the passage? azoos are not worth the public supportbzoos fail in their attempt to save animals.czoos should treat animals as human beings.dzoos use animals as a means of entertainment.【小题4】the author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _. apointing out the faults in what zoos dobusing evidence he has collected at zooscquestioning the way animals are protectedddiscussing the advantages of natural habitats2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类 you may have never heard of lanthanum, cerium or neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. they can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. only a few countries china, america, india, australia, brazil and malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded. even though some of these elements such as cerium are as abundant as copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earths surface. they are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. it was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented. rare earth metals are used widely in our life. rechargeable car batteries, computers, iphones, dvd players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. an average electric car uses 10 pounds of lanthanum for its rechargeable battery! america has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. it was opened in southern california in 1940. the element “europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. however, in the 1980s and 1990s, as china started producing these elements in inner mongolia, the mines in america and elsewhere could not keep pace. the mine in mountain pass, california also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002. now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like india and australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. it is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years.【小题1】what can we learn about rare earths? athey are actually as abundant as copper.bthey can be mined easily as other metals.cthey can only be found in a few countries.dthey are not really as rare as they are named.【小题2】compared with china, america _. apaid more attention to europiumbhas larger deposits of rare earthscstarted producing rare earths earlierdhas more rare earth mines【小题3】it can be inferred from the text that rare earths _. aare now in great demandbcan now be used in few fieldscare harmful to the environmentdwill soon be replaced by other metals阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013重庆，e)it is idely known that any english conversation begins with the weather. such a fixation with the weather finds expression in dr. johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of weather.” though johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this english weatherspeak. bill bryson, for example, concludes that, as the english weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. he argues that “to an outsider, the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it.” simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the british isles.jeremy paxman, however, disagrees with bryson, arguing that the english interest is by nature attractive. bryson is wrong, he says, because the english preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” according to him, the weather in england is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the english as well as the outsider.bryson and paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the english. both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.the english weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. english weatherspeak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data. rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. in other words, english weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.文章大意：本文为议论文，上来点题：英语对话往往从天气开始。后面具体的介绍几个对此有不同理解的人以及他们的观点。17the author mentions dr. johnsons comment to show that _.amost commentators agree with dr. johnson.bdr. johnson is famous for his weather conversationcthe comment was accurate two hundred years agodenglish conversations usually start with the weather答案：d文章第一句话提到：众所周知，英语的对话往往从天气开始，然后举例说明，显然举例的目的就是表明英语的对话往往从天气开始，故d项正确。18what does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?aa social trend.ban emotional state.ca historical concept.dan unknown phenomenon.答案：b词意猜测题。由语境可知，bill认为因为英国天气一点也不令人兴奋，因此用它对话时表达出来的_难以理解。兴奋应是与人的情感状态有关，故b项正确。19according to the passage, jeremy paxman believes that _.abill bryson has little knowledge of the weatherbthere is nothing special about the english weathercthe english weather attracts people to the british islesdenglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty答案：d细节理解题。由文章第三段信息the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.可知d项正确。20what is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ato explain what english weatherspeak is about.bto analyse misconceptions about the english weather.cto find fault with both bill bryson and jeremy paxman. dto convince people that the english weather is changeable.答案：a主旨大意题。文章主要讲述英语对话以天气开始的一些事情，故a项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013重庆，a)the morning had been a disaster. my tooth was aching, and id been in an argument with a friend. her words still hurt: “the trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place. cant you see things from my point of view？” i shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth. id thought i could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. i started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. finally, at about lunchtime, i got lucky.“if you come by right now，” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”i took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. but suddenly i began to doubt about the dentist. what kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? why wasnt he as busy as the others?in the dentists office, i sat down and looked around. i saw nothing but the bare walls and i became even more worried. the assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my icecold one.when i told her my fears, she laughed and said，“dont worry. the dentist is very good.”“how long do i have to wait for him？” i asked impatiently.“come on, he is coming. just lie down and relax. and enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.“the artwork？”i was puzzled.the chair went back. suddenly i smiled. there was a beautiful picture, right where i could enjoy it: on the ceiling. how considerate the dentist was! at that moment, i began to understand what my friend meant by her words.what a relief!文章大意：本文为一篇夹述夹议的文章，作者通过自己看牙医的一段经历，体会到了下面的道理，即：要站在别人的角度上考虑问题。1which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?acheerful. bnervous. csatisfied dupset.答案：d推理判断题。由文章刚开头提到的“the morning had been a disaster”以及后面“牙痛，跟朋友的辩论又伤害了我”可知，我很沮丧，故d项正确。2what made