状语从句小结.doc

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。状语从句的分类1.While I was walking along the street, I found many beatiful buildings ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ）4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( )7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( ) 9.He is taller than I am.( )1 时间状语从句 引导词： when, while, as, before, after, since, once ,by the time , till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan , every time, each time I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhis search. Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquietwhen, while和as的区别 when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 When she came in, I stopped eating.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.We were about to leave when he came in.When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhenWhile引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 趁的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了 Strike while the iron is hot.As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.As we was going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） till, until和notuntil：1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： We waited until/till he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed until her father returns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。I have been in Beijing since you left. It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.It is five years since we met last time.hardly(scarcely, rarely)when , no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. While C. until D. before2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. Until C. While D. when3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. That D. until4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. That D. until5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. Where C. when D. while1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. While B. the moment C. Suddenly D. although2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. After B. unless C. Until D. when2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses_ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. Before D. as2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. After C. before D. when3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. Until C. When D. after4. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. Since C. After D. because 2 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 句型1：Where地点从句，（there）主句。 1.Where there is a will , there is a way. Wherever there is smoke , there is fire. 无风不起浪。3 原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. because , since , as , for,辨析 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 3) as和for的区别： 通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold. 1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?3) as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker, we must go home now.4) for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet4 目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless5 结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, such that, 特殊引导词：so that such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, such+ a +adj名词 +that clausesuch+（adj）+名词复数so +adj./adv. +that clauseso + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause much/little+不可数名词The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited. He always studied so hard that he made great progress.Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over. there are so few notebooks that I cant give you any. It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk. Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him. (=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) The weather is so nice that Id like to take a walk. 6 条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时. He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. 1、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 2. You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. if D. or3. The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story. A. or B. unless C. but D. whether1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. Because B. As far as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if 7 让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。 The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say. though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy. Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐. Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children. Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩. He is looking fit, though. He is quite experienced, he is young, though. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管） Hard as he worked, he cant work out the problem. Child as he is, he knows a lot.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved.1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though 1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 3. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like. A. no matter whichB. whichever D. whatever8 比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 9 方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, as though.how 特殊引导词：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如： 1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (01 上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talk