状语从句讲练结合.doc

状语从句讲解状语功能：它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。状语从句定义：用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。位置：状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。 一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有很多，现将分类用法如下：1.从属连词when，while与as连词用法谓语动词意义例句when从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。可以指时间的某个点，也指一段时间。延续性动词非延续性动词当时候When they heard the news，they all jumped with joy.I owed Jack $ 100 when I was in London.as从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。可以指时间的某个点，也指一段时间。延续性动词非延续性动词随着一边；一边当时候The students sang as they walked.As he stood up，he dropped the glass，breaking it into pieces.while从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间。从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态。延续性动词当时候在期间While I was reading，he came in.I made some foreign friends while I was in London.注： 1)when还可作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb. was doing sth. when.某人正在干某事就在这时/sb. was about to/ going to do sth. when.某人正打算干某事就在这时2)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.3)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.2.从属连词：as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely. when.，once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，意为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：Once you remember it，youll never forget it.The moment I heard the voice，I knew my father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.注：no sooner._.; hardly/scarcely._.这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用_，而than与when的从句中谓语应用_。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用_语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly_3.till，until (not.until/till.直到才)连词用法动词意义例句till/until主语和从句都用肯定式主句的动词为连续性动词一直到为止Ill stay here till/until the rain stops.not.till/until主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式主句的动词为非连续性动词直到才He didnt go home till/until he finished his homework.注：1) till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。如_ you told me I knew it. 2)如果将“not until.”结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。如：They didnt realize it until we pointed out their fault to them.=_we pointed out their fault to them_ _realize it.4.every time，each time，next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次”。如：Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.5.从属连词：before(在之前)，after(在之后)，since(自从以来)。如：Please remember to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom.注：1)上述三个连词，既是从属连词，也是介词。2)若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才”“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。He ran out of the room before I could told him the news.It will be two years before we graduate from our school.二、地点状语从句 1.常用的引导词有where（在地方）,wherever（无论在什么地方）等。指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件时，从句须放在主句之前。如：The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most.They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。如：你最好在有问题的地方作个标记。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(_)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(_)三、条件状语从句1.常用的引导词有if（如果，假如）,unless（除非，要不就不）,as long as（只要）,so long as（只要）,provided (that）（只要），suppose/supposing（假设），on condition (that）（如果）等。如：I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition(that）we could keep it clean.2.要点提示：1)在表示条件的状语从句中，既可以用直陈语气作“真实条件句”，也可以用虚拟语气作“非真实条件句” 2)用unless引导条件状语从句时，要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的：unless=if.not.如：I will not go to their party unless I am invited.=I will not go to their party_ I am_ invited.3)suppose/supposing这两个词所表达的意义和句法功能是一样的。它们与其他的引导状语从句的从属连词一样，引导一个含状语从句的主从复合句。如：Suppose/supposing your statement is right, how are you going to prove it? 四、原因状语从句 1.常用的引导词有because因为,as由于,since既然，由于,now that既然，由于, seeing that，considering that等。如：He cant deliver his lectures today because he has got a bad cold.2.要点提示：1) 从属连词用法区别because直接原因，非推断语气最强对why的回答since 通常放句首译为“既然”as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱for 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明 。2)关于since和now that这两个词在表示原因的时候是近义词，都表示“既然”。但其不同之处在于：now that只能以“新发生的情况”作为某事发生的原因；而since在表示“既然”时,就没有这种限制。如：_ that the rain is going to stop, wed better get ready for the afternoons match. _ youre so interested in English, why not have a try in the English Speech Contest?3）其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有because of; thanks to; due to; owing to等。五、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though（虽然）,although（虽然），even if（即使）,even though（即使）,as(尽管)，while(虽然),whether.or.(无论还是),no matter+疑问词（无论）。1.though或although引导让状语从句。although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和_连用。如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.Although/Though it was raining hard，but they went on playing football. ( )注：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于_。如：He said he would come；he didnt though.2.当as作“尽管，虽然”的意思讲引导让步状语从句时，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且用作让步的部分（表语、状语或动词原形）总是提前到句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：A child as he is，he knows a lot.( ) As he is old, he is still energetic.( )Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem.3.whether.or（不管） 疑问词+ ever与no matter+疑问词（不管，无论）。however（不管怎样）,whatever（无论什么）,whoever（无论谁）。no matter when(how, what, who, where, which）无论何时（怎样，什么，谁，何地，哪个）等。如：No matter where you go on the earth, you will feel the gravity.Well start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.Even if we are approaching the end of the experiment, we still have no time to lose.即使我们即将完成试验，我们依然要分秒必争。注：whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.六、方式状语从句 常用的引导词有as（如同，按照）,as if（似乎，仿佛）,as though（似乎，仿佛）等。如：He speaks English almost as a native speaker does. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.要点提示：as if或as though引导的方式状语从句中，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气。关于这一点也取决于说话人的态度、看法。如：It gets darker and darker in the sky as if its going to rain.天越来越暗了似乎要下雨了。（表示真实情况，是直陈语气）She speaks as if she knew everything in the world.她说话的样子仿佛似她懂得天下事。（表示非真实情况，是虚拟语气）七、目的状语从句 常用的引导词有so that（以便，为了）,in order that（为了）,lest（以免，以防）,in case （以免，以防）,for fear that（以免，以防）等。如：We should do our utmost in order that we may be able to over fulfill the task.Youd better leave your phone number so that I can call you before I come next time.Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity leaks away.要点提示:在目的状语从句中，我们可以将这些引导目的状语从句的连词so that, in order that，lest, in case ,for fear 分作为两大部分：表示肯定so that, in order that是“为了使发生(目的是，为的是)”。表示否定lest, in case, for fear是“为了使不发生（以免，以防）”。另外，在表示否定的目的状语从句中，谓语动词往往用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”两种虚拟句式。如：He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.Ill keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.八、结果状语从句 1.常用的引导词有that（结果，以至），so that（结果，以至），so.that（如此以至）,such.that（如此以至）等。如：The temperature is increased so that the volume of gas becomes greater.温度升高了气体的体积就增大了。It is such a lovely day that everybody feels happy .注：1)so.that和such.that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词，它们都表示“如此以至”，但其要求的句型结构不一样。如：He ran _ fast that his brother couldnt catch up with him.He is _ a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood.She looks _ lovely that everybody cant help taking a look at her when passing her by.2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So _ that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是如此聪明以至于他能解出所有的难题。2.除结果状语从句外，too.to.(太而不能)，enough to.(能够)，so.as to.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：他起床晚了，结果误了车。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up_ late _catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.九、比较状语从句 常用的引导词有than（比）,as.as（如一样）,“the +比较级.,the+比较级.”（越越）等。如：He is taller than his brother.The more they discover about the brain, the more questions they cant answer in that area.要点提示：有关比较状语的问题请看前面“形容词与副词的比较级和最高级”一章。这里只提醒一个关于比较状语从句的问题。那就是：than和as.as中的第二个as都是连词，后面若是人称代词，常用主格形式。如：Her mother is not as tall as _（is）.她妈妈没有她个高。I dont think that he is taller than _.我认为他不比我个高。十、状语从句中的省略 1.若从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常省去从句的主语和系动词be而保留其余部分。如：While（ she was） very young，she began to study English.Once printed，this dictionary will be very popularDo not leave the building until instructed to do so2.若从句主语是it，动词是系动词be,则通常省去主语it及系动词be而保留其余部分。如：Everything went on better than (it had been) expected.一切进展得比预料的要好。3.若从句中部分内容与主句中的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省略。如：She has no money. If (she has) any，she will give us. 【高考链接】1.（全国高考I，25）I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2.（重庆高考，30）Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. as D. unless3.（湖南高考，28）_ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until4.（湖南高考，32）_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever5.（福建高考，30）It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because D. since6.（北京高考，21）Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only7.（江西高考，31）You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as8.（陕西高考，18）Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however9.（陕西高考，25）All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if10.（四川高考，4）At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as11.（四川高考，10）If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help. A. why B. where C. who D. what12.（天津高考，14）Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though13.（辽宁高考，30）Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if14.（山东高考，27）He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though15.（山东高考，32）A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until16.（江苏高考，30）Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that17.（上海高考，32）I have a tight budget for the trip, so Im not going to fly_the airlines lower ticket prices.A. once B. if C. after D. unless18.【2013北京】 I took my driving license with me on holiday,_ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only19.【2013福建】 Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test20.【2013湖南】 You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless21.【2013江苏】In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever22.【2013江西】She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. Unless C. after D. when23.【2013江西