五 主谓一致.doc

小升初考点梳理主谓一致一、主谓一致的语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则；二、主谓一致三原则的各种用法。1There a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A.is B.was C.are D.were析：A.由关键词every year确定用一般现在时，排除B、D, rain不可数，故选A。2Every student as well as some teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are析：C。整个句子的主语是Every student, 所以第二空填is; 定语从句“who are to visit the museum”的先行词是some teachers, 所以用are。3Either Sam or Jane TV now.内容导航考点透视-2-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制A.were watching B.are watching C.is watching D.was watching析：C. 由now可知本句话应该使用现在进行时，故排除A、D，而eitheror遵循就近原则，故选C。4-What about Mr.Blacks speech?-Wonderful! There were people there.A.a large number of B.much C.a great deal of D.lots析：C. a large number表示“大量，许多”，后接可数名词复数；a great deal of后接不可数名词。5One of my friends already moved to London.A.do B.does C.have D.has析：D. 从already可知此句应用现在完成时； 又因one of my friends“我朋友当中的一个”是单数，故选D。6This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I good at drawing.A.am B.is C.are D.be析：C. bothand两者都，后面的谓语动词用复数，故选C。7Lucy and Lily sisters. They study at the same school.A. be B.am C.is D.are析：D. 题干中的两姐妹为复数，be动词的复数形式是are，故选D。8Both you and I an English film before.A.is seeing B.are seeing C.have seen D.has seen析：C. Both A and B表示“A和B都”，它做主语时，谓语动词应该为复数形式。又由before可知本句应该用现在完成时，故选C。-3-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制9-A number of students in the dinning hall.-Let me count. The number of the students about 400.A.are; is B.is; are C.are; are析：A. a number of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词复数，所以动词用复数形式；the number of的数量，它作主语时，动词用单数形式。10Either Mary or he going to Paris. Only one person may go there.A.are B.is C.was析：B. eitheror或者或者， 遵循就近原则，由going to可知用be going to表示将来时，故选B。教案内容教学过程设计综合解读-4-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制Step1考点知识梳理清单一、一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family is having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。清单二、相关知识点精讲1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常一、准备部分本讲义说明：本章节是小升初的重点。在学习中要熟练掌握主谓一致的三种原则。在平时训练中要密切注意三种原则的各种用法。命题趋势：主谓一致主要一但项选择和完形填空的形式出现1-2道。考试重点在于：主谓一致三原则。能力解读：1、在平常学习中要熟练掌握主谓一致三原则；2、能够在具体的情景中恰当运用三种原则的各种用法。3、在做题中要仔细分析与比较，提高坐体的准确率。二、实际课堂1、寒暄。正式上课前和学生沟通一下最近的学习情况和考试情况（多学科）及最近生活状态等关心学生的问题。1-3m-5-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe. 眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。9. 当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)2、复习和检查。把上次课教案拿出来，让学生看2-4m教案并同时检查作业是否完成。3、引入本课内容。首先复习什么叫动词，知道其在句子中充当的成分，然后引入非谓语动词的概念。非谓语动词顾名思义也就是借助于谓语动词的意思，但是不当谓语动词用，它相当于名词，形容词，副词等，在句子中充当除谓语的其他成分。非谓语动词这章讲解时，一定要看学生的程度，如果前十个题都做对的差不多，就只讲重点和难点；如果错五个以上，就一定要系统的梳理定义及在剧中的做的各种成分，及之间的交叉点。-6-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制11. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, math, physics等，No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror，neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; 而the number of +复数-7-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight hundred17. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。Step2重点难点解析1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.每讲中的重点难点，这是考试的精华，老师必须每次上课时进行讲解和梳理，还要进行一定的扩展。一般这个版块放60m左右的时间。-8-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制A. is B. was C. are D. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4. 谓语需用单数的情况1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。-9-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right. 一切顺利。All are present. 人都到齐了。2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常-10-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制Step3随堂能力巩固一、单项选择1How time flies! Ten years passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are解析：B。尽管ten years是复数，但是在英语中，时间、距离、金钱等做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。2.Look! There playihg with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deersC.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers解析：A。There be句型遵循就近原则，a number of 表示“许多，大量的”，谓语动词应为复数，因此be动词应用are，又因为deer“鹿”单复数形式一样，不用加-s表复数，故选A。3.When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I havent decided. this Sunday next Sunday is OK.A.Both; and B.Either; or C.Neither; nor D.Not only; but also解析：B。根据题意及I havent decided可知，空格中应该表达“或者或者”意思的词，又由回答中的“is OK”可知应用eitheror。4.Which is more useful, biology or chemistry?学生做题时老师一定要在旁边看着，如果发现学生做题比较困难就可以进行相关的一些小提示，开始前三个主要是由老师知道去做，后面的可以分成五个一组进行练习。用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3）如many a 或more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。-11-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制-I think them are useful.A.either of B.none of C.both of D.all of解析：either of表示“两者之一”，谓语动词为单数；both of 表示“两者都”，谓语动词为复数；none of, all of 使用范围为三者或三者以上。故选both of。5.How many teachers are there in your school?-About 200. One third of them men teachers.A.have B.has C.are D.is解析：C。“分数或百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数，如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式，由本句主语teachers可知应用are。6. a pen and two books on the desk.A.There are B.There is C.Have D.Has解析：B。本句中的主语离a pen最近，因此答案为There is.7.There no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum.A.is B.are C.was D.were解析：A。由句意可看出这是当前的对话，用现在时，排除C和D;milk不可数，故选A。8.Listen! Someone outside.A.sing B.sings C.is singing D.are singing解析：C。someone做主语，谓语动词应用单数，时态为现在进行时，故选C.9.Not only Jim but also his sister a few cities in the south since they came to China.A.will visit B.has visited C.have visited D.visited解析：B。“since+过去的时间或一般过去时的句子”和现在完成时连用，A、D选项应被排除，用not onlybut also来连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，故选B。10.There some old people taking a walk in the park.A.is B.are C.had D.have解析：B。There be 句型遵循就近原则，some old people 为复数，因此应该用-12-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制are.二、用动词的正确形式填空。1. Tom and Mike (be) good friends . (are)2.Both Lucy and Lily (be) students . (are)3. (be) there anything wrong with your bike? (Is)4. Everyone (be) ready for the sports meeting. (is)5.A number of trees (be) cut down . (are)Step4综合能力创新一、单项选择1A young man named Zhang Xiaoguang us.A.are getting on well with B.getting on well withC.gets on well with D.get on well with1答案：C解释：此句主语为A young man, named Zhang Xiaoguang作定语修饰主语，意为“名叫张晓光的年轻人”，其谓语动词要用单数形式。2Nothing difficuly in the world, it?A.are; arent B.are; are C.has D.have2答案：D 解释：在反义疑问句的陈述部分中含有表否定意义的词few, little, never, no, nothing, nobody, none, neither等时，其简短问句要用肯定形式，不定代词做陈述句的主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，简短问句应用it,答案为D。3The paper for books and newspapers made from wood.A.are B.is C.has D.have综合练习一般是课后练习，一般包含单项选择，完形填空，阅读理解或书面表达。可根据学生的能力及做题速度和质量进行相关调整。下次课上课时一定要检查作业，并对相关练习题进行讲解。-13-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制3. 答案：B解释：该句主语中心词paper为不可数名词，谓语动词用三单形式。4. The mother with her little son at my home that snowy night.A.were; at B.was; at C.was; on D.were; on4.C解释：主语后接with, along with, together with等短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定，本题中谓语动词用单数。“在一个下雪的晚上”，用介词on。5. The singer and dancer yet.A.dont come B.havent come C.didnt come D.hasnt come5. D解释：“The singer and dancer”所指为一个人，既是歌唱家又是舞蹈家，所以谓语动词用单数。由yet可知，该题时态为现在完成时。6. Maths my favourite subject.A.be B.is C.am D.are6. B.解释：一些学科名词如maths, physics, politics等，以及一些以s结尾的貌似名词复数的词如news, works, means, the United States等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，答案为B。7This pencil case of rubbers pink.A.is B.are C.be D.were7. A解释：此句的真正主语是this pencil case, of rubbers只充当定语成分，故选A。8. This pair of shoes nice.A.look B.looks C.looking D.is look8. B解释：英语中shoes, trousers, glasses等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但这类词与a pair of, this pair of等连用时，谓语动词应与pair在数上保持一致，答案为B。9. Jane is one of the best students in her class who by their teacher.A.are praised B.is praised C.praised D.praising三、 本讲总结内容：1.动词不定式用法。它可用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。2.动名词用法。它可以作主语、宾语、表语的句法功能。3.分词用作表语、定语、状语的情况，其中对定语状语的考察较多。所应具备的能力：1.掌握非谓语动词的构成及其内涵和在句子中的不同语法功能。2.了解非谓语动词各-14-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制9.A.解释：在这个主从复合句中，关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the best students, 所以定语从句中的谓语动词也应用复数形式，答案为A。10. Bread and butter their daily food.A.is B.are C.be D.am10. A.解释：两个单数名词用and连接表示不可分的整体作主语时，谓语用单数。二、完成句子1、我必须戒烟了。I must stop . (smoking)2、我们应该为保护环境作出贡献。We should make a contribution to our environment. (protecting)3、记得带雨伞。Remember take an umbrella with you. (to)4、中国是发展中国家。China is a country. (developing)5、我宁愿看电视也不愿读书。I prefer TV than a book. (to watch; read)三、用动词适当形式填空。1、The number of students in our class (be) 32. (is)2、A number of trees (be) cut down. (are)3.A pair of sunglasses (be) lying on the table. (are)4.Fifty yuan (be) paid to Mr. Green. (is)5.My family (be) a small one with three people. (is)四、完形填空At the entrance to a big office in London there was a book . All workers had to write their _1_ on the book . When they _2_ each morning . At nine oclock , the manager（经理） had to draw a red line _3_ the last name in the book , and anyone who came after that had to write why he was _4_ .When there was a thick _5_ in the city , the first person to arrive late种形式的基本用法，并能在具体情景中恰当使用，从而正确表达交际意图。-15-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制usually _6_ “Delayed （耽搁）by fog” under the red line in the book , and then everybody _7_ who came after that just wrote “The same” .But one foggy morning , the _8_ man to arrive late wrote “My wife had a baby early this morning” instead of “Delayed by fog” under the red line in the book . Twenty _9_ thirty people who came after wrote “_10_” as usual.1. A.numbers B.times C.names D.excuses2. A.arrived B.left C.got up D.met3. A.on B.beside C.above D.under4. A.out B.late C.away D.sorry5. A.rain B.fog C.snow D.traffic6. A.found B.understood C.said D.wrote7. A.else B.only C.or D.here8. A.last B.first C.old D.young9. A.with B.of C.or D.but10. A.No B.Yes C.OK D.The same答案 :1. C2. A3. D4. B5. B6. D7. A8. B9. C10. D1 命题目的 主要考查上下文理解。 解题点拨 这儿指上班签到。2 命题目的 主要考查对动词的含义理解。 解题点拨 arrive “到达”3 命题目的 主要考查对句子的理解。 解题点拨 经理在最后一名按时上班者签名后用红线标出线，红线后迟到者必须写出迟到的理由。4 命题目的 主要考查短语be late 的含义。 解题点拨 be late “迟到”5 命题目的 主要考查上下文理解。 解题点拨 后文中“delayed by fog”提示此处为“a thick fog”6 命题目的 主要考查对句子的理解。 解题点拨 指迟到的人必须“写”出原因。7 命题目的 主要考查“不定代词+ 形容词else”的用法。-16-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制 解题点拨 everybody else “其它的人”。8 命题目的 主要考查对句子的理解。 解题点拨 ”the first man to arrive late”指“上班迟到者中的第一个到达者”9 命题目的 主要考查or的用法。 解题点拨 or “或者”10 命题目的 主要考查对句子的理解。 解题点拨“the same”此处可译作“理由同上”。四、阅读理解AVisit New Yorks Top Tourist AttractionsStatue of Liberty & Ellis IslandEastern National Bookstore,Castle Clinton National Monument, Battery Park, New York, NY 10004Tel: (212) 363-3200Opening TimesDaily: 9:30am-4:30pm, extended summer hoursClosed: Christmas DayPrice:Adult: $ 12.00 Child: $ 5.00Empire State Building350 Fifth Avenue(between 33rd/ 34th Streets),New York, NY 10118Tel: (212) 736-3100Opening TimeMonday Sunday: 9:30 -12:00 midnightPrice:Adult: $ 19.00 Child: $ 13.00The Metropolitan Museum of ArtFifth Avenue at 82nd Street,New York, NY 10028Tel: (212) 535-7710Opening TimesFriday & Saturday: 9:30am-9:00pm, Sunday, Tuesday- Thursday:9:30am-5:30pmMuseum of Modern Art11 West 53rd Street (between 5th/ 6th Avenues), New YorkTel: (212) 708-9400Opening TimesSaturday-Monday, Wednesday & Thursday:10:30am-5:30pm, :Friday: 10:30am-8:00pmClosed: Tuesday, Thanksgiving and-17-上海智康 1 对 1 教研部制1. _ opens every day all year round.A. Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island B. Empire State BuildingC. The Metropolitan Museum of Art D. Museum of Modern Art答案：B除Empire State Building之外其他三个景点都有关门时间，所以答案为B。2. If two adults with a child go to visit Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island, they have to pay _.A. $ 29 B. $ 51 C. $ 40 D. $ 45答案：AStatue of Liberty & Ellis Island ：Price:Adult: $ 12.00 Child: $ 5.00122+5=293. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is _.A. on 11 West 53rd Street B. on 350 Fifth AvenueC. on Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street D. near Eastern National Bookstore答案：CThe Metropolitan Museum of Art: Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street,4. _ are free for children.A. Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island and Empire State BuildingB. Empire State Building and The Metropolitan Museum of ArtC. The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Statue of Liberty & Ellis IslandD. The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museum of Modern Art答案：DThe Metropolitan Museum of Art : Price: Adult: $ 20.00 Child: $ 0.00Museum of Modern