湖南省湘潭市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（9）.doc

湖南省湘潭市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（9）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. with the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.the main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or wps as they are often called. 40% of british offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.there are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. the secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. he or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. from a managers point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.but is it all good? if a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). the case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. it is also feared that if a woman works at a vdu for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. safety screens to put over a vdu have been invented but few companies in england bother to buy them. whatever the arguments for and against word processor are, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.1. ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_.a. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers b. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today c. these computers did not come onto the market d. these companies did not need to use this new technology2. according to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is _. a. the saving of time and money b. the use of computers in small companies c. the wide use of word processorsd. the decreasing number of secretaries3. it is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _. a. some secretaries will lose their jobs b. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours c. medical problems related to work with a vdu have increased greatly d. the british companies will make less money4. which of the following statements is not true? a. there are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor. b. the british companies care much for the health of the people using word processors. c. the technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years. d. using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.5. it can be concluded from the passage that _. a. safety screens are of poor quality b. working at a vdu for a long time is good for ones health c. more and more british offices will use word processors d. british companies will need fewer and fewer managers【参考答案】15、acabc 阅读理解。every year in america, high-school students who want to go on to college take a national examination called the scholastic aptitude test, or sat in a shortened way. their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all. the scholastic aptitude test muasures ones mathematical ability and use of the english language. traditionally, the english portion involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension. but the sat folks have added a single question , to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot. thats an interesting way to test writing ability, but content aside, have you ever seen young peoples handwriting lately? or anyones for that matter, in this age of computer keyboards? students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks. they scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word. and they hand-write, or more often print, a word or two of identification on luggage and lunch bags. otherwise, penmanship(书法)-once taught so morally and carefully by second-grade teachers, has gone the way of the dodo bird which has died out.yet todays kids are asked to write, thoughtfully and legibly, for several minutes on this sat test. good luck to the test scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl of young people whove been typing on computers since the age of three! teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help ones score on the sat, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers and earn bigger tax refunds because the tax inspectors can actually read the computations. and dont forget, we all have to resort to handwriting from rime to time, as computers go down when the power goes out. 1. the subjects to be tested in the sat include . a. math,english,reading and handwriting b. math, grammar,reading and writing c. math,foreign language and writing d. math,english and handwriting答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。由第一段最后两句话 “the scholastic aptitude test muasures ones mathematical ability and use of the english language. traditionally, the english portion involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.”和第二段第一句话 “but the sat folks have added a single question , to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot.”可知，答案为b。 2.the author write this passage to introduce the fact that . a. writing seems to be very important in the sat b. those who will go to colleges have to take the sat c. students should practice handwriting more often d. at the computer age kids dont know how to write. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为文章的主旨大意题。全文由sat考试增加书面表达部分的改革引入话题-当前学生不重视书写，因此此项改革就是为了使学生书写工整，改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。故答案为c。3. what does the underlined word “scribble”probably mean? a. write quickly and roughly b. take notes difficultly c. print penmanship carefully d. describe written word generously 答案解析：答案为a。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分的上下文，在这个计算机时代，学生手写的内容已经非常罕见，只有一两个单词写在行李箱或者午餐包上，用来辨认物主，书法在其他场合就像嘟嘟鸟一样灭绝了。故可以推断，学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草。故答案为a，迅速而粗糙地书写。4. according to the passage good handwriting can . a. help students get high scores in tests b. make a student more popular c. measure studentss ability d. assist one to get a job答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节题。由文章最后一段 “teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help ones score on the sat, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers and earn bigger tax refunds because the tax inspectors can actually read the computations.”可知，漂亮的书法不仅对sat考试得分起到帮助作用，而且能给今后找工作时的雇主留下良好的印象，获得更多的退税。故答案为d，帮助一个人找工作。干扰项最强的a选项“帮助学生获得高分”拔高了文章的意思。故答案为d。阅读理解。the space shuttle columbia flared and broke up in the skies over texas on saturday, february 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what nasa and president bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. nasa launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts remains. it said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. the break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at kennedy space center in florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of texas and neighboring states. dramatic television images of the shuttles descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. it was almost 17 years to the day that the challenger shuttle exploded on jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board. take-off and re-entry into earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. in 42 years of us human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to earth or landing. challenger exploded just after take-off. rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot col. ilan ramon. there were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器). we are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains, nacogdoches county sheriff thomas kerrs said. he added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members. the columbia is lost. there are no survivors, their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. americas space program will go on, said a grim-faced bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.1. the word “descent” in the passage means _. a. taking off b. landing c. orbiting d. walking down答案解析：答案为b。本题为词义推断题。由第三段第二句话 “in 42 years of us human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to earth or landing.”可知，在美国42年的载人航空飞行中，从来没有在着陆地面时发生事故，言外之意就是columbia 航天飞机是着陆地面时坠毁。“or landing”对应的意思就是descent。故答案为b。2. which is true of the israeli astronaut ilan ramon? a. he was the first israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle. b. he was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the american shuttle. c. he used to be a passenger plane pilot. d. he was the only survivor in the columbia disaster.答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。由第四段第一句话 “, which included the first israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot col. ilan ramon.”可知，ilan ramon是第一个以色列乘坐航天飞机的宇航员，也是一名前战斗飞行员，故a选项正确，b，c错误。由最后一段第二句话 “there are no survivors,” 可知没有幸存者，故d选项错误。故答案为a。3. the columbia disaster and the challenger disaster were similar in that _. a. there were seven astronauts killed on board b. both the shuttles exploded when they took off c. both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land d. no human remains were found答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题，要求寻找columbia 和the challenger 事故的相似之处。由第一段首句 “the space shuttle columbia flared and broke up , killing the seven astronauts on board ”和第二段最后一句 “it was almost 17 years to the day that the challenger shuttle exploded on jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.”可知，columbia 和the challenger都有七名宇航员遇难。故答案为a。 由第三段 “in 42 years of us human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to earth or landing. challenger exploded just after take-off.”可知，columbia是着陆地面时坠毁，challenger是在刚刚起飞后爆炸，故b、c选项错误。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “, some people said they found remains of crew members.” 可知，有些人说他们找到了宇航员的残骸，故d选项错误。4. which of the following is wrong according to the news? a. the u.s.a. will give up the space program because of the accident. b. nasa hasnt found the cause of the columbia disaster. c. before the columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing. d. take-off and re-entry into earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. 答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “americas space program will go on,”可知，a选项与文章不符，故答案为a。由第一段 “nasa launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts remains. it said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause.”可知，nasa认为对事故的准确原因进行定论还为时过早，故b选项与文章符合。结合第一题的分析可知，c选项与文章符合。由第三段首句 “ take-off and re-entry into earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.” 可知，d选项与文章符合。故b、c、d均不选。完形填空。people from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it. most americans have_1_been out of the country and have very little_2_with foreigners. but they are usually friendly and open, and_3_meeting new people, having guests and_4_people together formally(正式地)or informally. they tend to use first names in most_5_and speak freely about themselves. _6_if your american hosts do something that makes you_7_， try to let them know how you feel. most people will_8_your honesty and try not to_9_you uncomfortable again. and youll all learn something about another_10_！many travelers find it_11_to meet people in the us. than in other countries. they may just_12_and introduce themselves or even invite you_13_before they really know you. sometimes americans are said to be_14_friendly. perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just_15_their time. just_16_anywhere else, it takes time to become_17_friends with people in the us.if you_18_american friends, they will probably enjoy_19_you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud of_20_you, its probably because they are relaxed(放松)and enjoy it!1a.everbnevercsometimesdoften答案：b绝大多数美国人从来没有离开过自己的国家，因此用never。2a.knowledgebexperiencecpatiencedtrouble答案：b承接下文，因为绝大多数美国人都没有离开过自己的国家，因此和其他国家的人接触很少，也就是“经验”很少。此处强调直接的“经验”很少，但不一定说明他们对其他国家的人了解很少，而且后面的介词是with，因此不选a。如果表达“对了解很少”，应用have little knowledge about。3a.enjoybavoidcdislikedsug