英语论文参考文献及夹注.doc

四、毕业设计（论文）格式要求1、夹注标示法下面分间接引用、直接引用和转引加以例示夹注表示法。另外注意，夹注中的作者和作品必须与文后的参考文献形成一致。经讨论，现统一夹注格式如下（注意夹注中的页码无需再添加）（1）间接引用 A. 如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现, 将该作家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。例: It has been argued that teachers role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).B. 如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在行文中, 只需要在名字后面加上括弧, 填入出版时间即可。例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwins success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor. C. 如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。例：In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of Darwins most effective metaphors.D. 如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹注中用“&”，在行文中则用“and”连接两个作者。例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis are that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990). Bryman and Cramer also pointed out thatE. 如涉及到的作者超过两人，第一次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al ”即可。例：Scientists have isolated a gene connected to circadian rhythms in plants (Millar, Straum, Chory, Chua, & Kay, 1995) . . . . They identified the mutations that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et al., 1995)F. 如果涉及到同一作者的不同著作，在括弧中按出版时间分开；如果是同一作者在同一年的不同著作，在出版时间后用小写英文字母区别。例：（Halliday, 1978, 1992）；（Halliday, 1967a, 1967b）G. 引用同样姓氏的不同作者假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如：Well-established SLA researchers (R. Ellis, 2002) seem rather skeptical of the assertion that repetition alone explains the development of the knowledge of a second language (N. Ellis, 2002).引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多，应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分，如：(W.Y. Wang, 2003) (L.F. Wang, 2003)（2）直接引用A. 如果原著作者的姓氏在自己的行文中没有提到，那你需要把作者的姓氏，出版时间用括弧括起，放在引文的后面, 引文用双引号。例：Conceptually, motivation is seen as “the combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitude toward learning language” (Gardner, 1985).B. 如果引文中原来就有引号，将有引号的部分改为单引号。 Based on different findings, it is proposed that “the type of motivation and its strength are likely to be determined less by some generalized principle and more by who learns what in what milieu” (Laser-Freeman & Long, 1993).（3）转引 如果你的引用不是从原著中获得，而是来自二手资料，你就需要在引用完后用圆括弧注明来源，在来源前加上“qtd in” 的字样。在参考文献目录部分，你就按引用的实际出处撰写条目。例：Gothe wrote that “it takes more culture to perceive the virtues of The Magic Flute than to point out its defects” (qtd in Newman, 1958).正文中（下划线部分是注释的格式）的夹注与文后参考文献确保一致。举例：2.2 The Tang Poetry TranslationsIt is certain that the translation of Tang Poetry into English is definitely a hard job. Alexander Tyler once said, “The best translators of poetry therefore, have been those who have approved their talents in original poetical composition” (2001), which means that only poets can translate poems. As cultural elements are the most important things in translation studies. Different cultures have different ideas in certain objects, which affected translation a lot.These two lines say that why does someone have to play the “Plucking Willows” on the Qiang flute with its sullen note to complain of the late coming of spring? People should learn that spring breeze would never reach farther on than the Jade Gate Pass. Between the lines, the lack of concern on the part of the imperial court for the frontier guards is insinuated (Sun, 1996).Though the use of L1 has long been criticized due to the influence of the behaviorism, it was thought to invite speculation and discussion in the recent few years and could be used to work through particular L2 problems that learners were struggling with (Stern, 1999, qtd in Grabe & Stoller, 2006).(在Grabe & Stoller的书籍中提到Stern的观点时这样处理)后面的参考文献对应如下：Grabe, W. & Stoller, F. L. Teaching and Researching: ReadingM. Beijing: Foreign Language teaching and Research Press, 2006. Stern, H. H. Fundamental Concepts of Language TeachingM. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Tytler, A. F. Essay on the Principles of Translation M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. 孙大雨. 古诗文英译集 M. 上海：上海教育出版社，1996.2、参考文献的列法References (Bibliography) （“Times New Roman”字体，小3号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序为：先英文文献（按姓氏字母顺序排列）后中文文献（按姓氏拼音字母顺序排列）；序号或编号为“1”、“2”；每个参考文献的信息依次包括：作者、文献题目、发表的期刊杂志或出版社名称、发表时间、期数或著作页码；第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；字体：汉语用宋体，英语用“Times New Roman”；1.5倍行距，小四号，不加粗；另外，参考文献必须与夹注形成一一对应关系，即文章夹注、脚注中出现的作者必须出现在参考文献中，反之亦然，参考文献中的文献也必须是在文章中出现过的。各类参考文献著录标识为:M专著 C论文集 N报纸文章 J期刊文章 A专著、论文集中的析出文献 D博士论文 MA硕士论文 Z其它（如工具书）M/CD光盘图书 J/OL网上期刊 N/OL网上报纸（1）主要参考文献要求示例: 1 Aitchison, J. The Language Web M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.2 Goulden, R. Nation, P., & Read, J. How large can a receptive vocabulary be? J.Applied Linguistics, 1990,11 (4): 341-363.3 Kucera，H. The mathematics of language A. In the American Heritage Dictionary (Second ed.)C.Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982.4 顿祖纯, 董春枝. 对“外语教学”与“二语教学”本体的再思考J. 江汉大学学报(人文科学版) , 2006,(05): 725-730.5 陈华森模块化专业课程计划的研究与开发D硕士学位论文，杭州师范大学，19896 桂诗春.新编心理语言学M.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001. 7 桂诗春.中国学生英语词汇量调查A.In桂诗春Ed.应用语言学与中国英语教学C.济南：山东教育出版社，1982.8 桂诗春.词汇测试中猜测问题新探A.In现代英语研究C.上海：复旦大学出版社，1997.（2）网上期刊和网上报纸的示例1 Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory roleJ/OL. Am J Nurs，2002，102(6):23 2002-08-12. /AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm.2 傅刚，赵承，李佳路. 大风沙过后的思考N/OL. 北京青年报，2000-04-12(14)2005-07-12./Bqb/20000412/GB/4216%5ED0412B1401.htm.注：英文参考文献中先姓再名，姓用全称，名简化为大写的第一个字母，后面加点号；英文书籍书名需要斜体，英文杂志名需要斜体。杂志类需要在最后标出所引文章页码范围（如上文2）。作者三名以内的全部列出，中文为*，*和*，英文为*，*&*），四名以上的