文学翻译鉴赏(散文).pdf

复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 1 23 回译练习回译练习 博博 弈弈 E V 卢卡斯1 贺瑞斯 斯邦夫人致萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人 亲爱的萨姆森 很高兴从莉迪亚处获悉您旧恙已见大好 我们一直都很为您担心 这个时节染上风寒多 半相当顽固 同样 贺瑞斯的身体也大有起色 现在 我们正和往年一样计划着去蒙顿2的行 程 对于这一年一度的远途劳顿我可装不出欢喜的样子 只是贺瑞斯非去不可 关心您的 弟妹 格蕾丝 斯邦 萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人致贺瑞斯 斯邦夫人 亲爱的格蕾丝 莉迪亚居然告诉您我已 旧恙大好 真不知她是怎么想的 我根本没好 如果硬要说有 什么变化的话 也只能说我的病情变得更糟了 实际上 毫不夸张地说 我现在已然一个不 中用的人 这次风寒凶险异常 让我片刻不得安宁 我日里病病歪歪 夜里辗转无眠 要么 剧咳不止 要么透不过气来 请转告贺瑞斯 他的康复令我艳羡不已 他从来比我壮实 甚至连先母都常说 她当 初都想不到襁褓之中的我还能捡回这条命 呜呼 你们真幸运 能躲开这恶劣的天气到法国南部度假 我本也想去 只怕我一路颠簸不起 加之苛捐杂税业已使我捉襟见肘 在物质财富方面 贺瑞斯可谓得天独厚啊 爱您的兄长 萨姆森 斯邦 萨姆森 斯邦夫人致贺瑞斯 斯邦夫人 亲爱的格蕾丝 再给萨姆森写信时请千万别提及他的健康了 我上次告诉您他身体见好 就为这点事他 一直跟我过不去呢 尽管他真的好多了 他胃口好了 更开朗了 不开朗时也有 就是 当他想起自己有病在身的时候 他睡眠也好 不过不一定总能一觉睡到天亮 和所有男人一 样 一旦有五分钟没睡着 他就自以为失眠了两个小时 您的 莉迪亚 贺瑞斯 斯邦先生致萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人 亲爱的萨姆森 格蕾丝已将您对我 康复 的问候转达给我 康复 我多希望我确已康复啊 唉 我 自觉丝毫没有好转迹象 不仅如此 再向您透露一点 这事我不想让谁都知道 包括格蕾 1 E V 卢卡斯 1868 1938 英国作家和散文家 创作不拘体裁 篇什繁复 包括散文 游记 小说 传记等 以 随笔居多 其题材多围绕身边琐事 政治色彩淡薄 笔调轻松 机智 幽默 2 蒙顿位于法国东南角 距巴黎 960 公里 四季如春 是法国气候最好的地方 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 2 23 丝 我身体是一日不如一日了 对此我自己再清楚不过 有些风寒是越治越糟 我就染上了 这种痼疾 您信中流露出的悲观口吻令我颇感不安 但我认为情况还不至如此不堪吧 人们对自己 的境况往往持悲观态度 身体虚弱之时尤甚 有鉴于此 我对您的自我评价持保留意见 您 的体质比您所担心的要强壮 我相信您不久就会痊愈 我们下周动身去蒙顿 这可真是件苦差 不过格蕾丝很期待 您知道她在家里可是说一 不二 您的 贺瑞斯 萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人致贺瑞斯 斯邦先生 亲爱的贺瑞斯 希望您不要再信言我如何如何 强壮 了 我不强壮 从不强壮 在这场感冒反复侵袭 之前我本就羸弱不堪 现如今更是病来如山倒 我的病情有多重只有自己最清楚 而依我看 您才真叫强壮呢 人不可貌相 选择在这个时节去蒙顿远游 身体能不强壮嘛 别了 好兄弟 待您春天回来之时极有可能我已不在了 您的 萨姆森 希尔达 斯邦小姐致萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人 亲爱的伯父大人 近日听母亲说起您病情见好 我高兴极了 这里先寄去一份小礼物 因为到圣诞之际 我将远赴瑞士参加一个冬令运动盛会 然后我们将爬上几千英尺的高山 还要溜冰 滑雪 坐大雪橇 我会从那里寄明信片给您的 爱您的侄女 希尔达 萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人致贺瑞斯 斯邦夫人 亲爱的格蕾丝 如果您正打算写信给希尔达 请暗示她无须践诺 不给我寄明信片或许对我更好 她一 旦写明信片肯定会与 雪 脱不了干系 这不啻令我本已孱弱的身体雪上加霜 希尔达是个 可爱的姑娘 然而她关于阿尔卑斯山脉高峰的言论 完全出于好意 我敢肯定已令已令我 的心脏遭受沉重打击 现如今 我必须慎之又慎 爱您的兄长 萨姆森 又及 请转告贺瑞斯 他得让自己忙碌起来 无所事事的人才会对自己的健康那么忧虑 他 不妨培养些什么爱好吧 贺瑞斯 斯邦先生致萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人 亲爱的萨姆森 您在给格蕾丝的信中暗示我无病呻吟云云 对此我不得不提出异议 这种含沙射影的言 辞足以造成某些家庭不和 好在我们夫妻二人了解对方 才不至于旁生枝节 我远非您所说 的 无所事事 一直以来我都忙得不可开交 家里家外事无巨细事必躬亲 每个便士的用 度我都了如指掌 所有的账目清单我都亲自过目 汽车每天耗油多少我都一清二楚 事实是 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 3 23 我从来都高度关心家中的一切事务 有关言论请到此打住罢 话已至此 请允许我将自己日益深切的感受和盘托出 我认为您自暴自弃真是大错特错 了 当您有神职在身的时候 对自己根本不像如今这么患得患失 对别人也更宽容体贴些 您上一封信中自觉大限已至的忧郁论调险些令我顽疾复发 好在我那天碰巧在伦敦的饭店遇 上了考德医生 并和他谈起了您 而据他所言 您现在的身体可是好极了 代我问候莉迪亚 您的 贺瑞斯 萨姆森 斯邦牧师大人致理查德 考德医学博士 亲爱的考德 很遗憾 尽管我们交往已久 现只好与您分道扬镳 但我必须先质问您这其中的原委 对于一位四处散布病人谣言的医务人员 我岂能置若罔闻 今晨从舍弟处获悉 您曾对他提 及我的病情已见好转 此事令我极度苦恼 姑且不论我根本未见好转 单说一名医生最起码 的职责当是为病人保守秘密 可您已使我深感震惊 我是 您忠诚的 萨姆森 斯邦 人物关系 人物关系 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 4 23 匆匆匆匆 Rush Transient Days 作者 朱自清 1898 1948 本文写于 1922 年 3 月 28 日 译者 译文 1 朱纯深 译文 2 张培基 燕子去了 有再来的时候 杨柳枯了 有再青的时候 桃花谢了 有再开的时候 但是 聪 明的 你告诉我 我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢 是有人偷了他们罢 那是谁 又藏 在何处呢 是他们自己逃走了 现在又到了哪里呢 Zhu Swallows may have gone but there is a time of return willow trees may have died back but there is a time of regreening peach blossoms may have fallen but they will bloom again Now you the wise tell me why should our days leave us never to return If they had been stolen by someone who could it be Where could he hide them If they had made the escape themselves then where could they stay at the moment Zhang If swallows go away they will come back again If willows wither they will turn green again If peach blossoms fade they will flower again But tell me you the wise why should our days go by never to return Perhaps they have been stolen by someone But who could it be and where could he hide them Perhaps they have just run away by themselves But where could they be at present moment 我不知道他们给了我多少日子 但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了 在默默里算着 八千多日子已 经从我手中溜去 象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里 我的日子滴在时间的流里 没有声音也没有 影子 我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了 Zhu I don t know how many days I have been given to spend but I do feel my hands are getting empty Taking stock silently I find that more than eight thousand days has already slid away from me Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean my days are dripping into the stream of time soundless traceless Already sweat is starting on my forehead and tears welling up in my eyes Zhang I don t know how many days I am entitled to altogether but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away Counting up silently I find that more than 8 000 days have already slipped away through my fingers Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace At the thought of this sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks 去的尽管去了 来的尽管来着 去来的中间 又怎样的匆匆呢 早上我起来的时候 小屋里 射进两三方斜斜的太阳 太阳他有脚啊 轻轻悄悄地挪移了 我也茫茫然跟着旋转 于是 洗手的时候 日子从水盆里过去 吃饭的时候 日子从饭碗里过去 默默时 便从凝然的双 眼前过去 我觉察他去的匆匆了 伸出手遮挽时 他又从遮挽着的手边过去 天黑时 我躺 在床上 他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边跨过 从我脚边飞去了 等我睁开眼和太阳再见 这算又 溜走了一日 我掩着面叹息 但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了 Zhu Those that have gone have gone for good those to come keep coming yet in between how 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 5 23 swift is the shift in such a rush When I get up in the morning the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs The sun has feet look he is treading on lightly and furtively and I am caught blankly in his revolution Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal and passes away before my day dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence I can feel his haste now so I reach out my hands to hold him back but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands In the evening as I lie in bed he strides over my body glides past my feet in his agile way The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again one whole day has gone I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh Zhang What is gone is gone what is to come keeps coming How swift is the transition in between When I get up in the morning the slanting sun cast two or three squarish patches of light into my small room The sun has feet too edging away softly and stealthily And without knowing it I am already caught in its revolution Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie Aware of its fleeting presence I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands In the evening when I lie on my bed it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again another day is already gone I heave a sigh my head buried in my hands But in the midst of my sighs a new day is flashing past 在逃去如飞的日子里 在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢 只有徘徊罢了 只有匆匆罢 了 在八千多日的匆匆里 除徘徊外 又剩些什么呢 过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了 如薄雾 被初阳蒸融了 我留着些什么痕迹呢 我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢 我赤裸裸来 到这世界 转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢 但不能平的 为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊 Zhu What can I do in this bustling world with my days flying in their escape Nothing but to hesitate to rush What have I been doing in that eight thousand day rush apart from hesitating Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind or evaporated as mist by the morning sun What traces have I left behind me Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all I have come to the world stark naked am I to go back in a blink in the same stark nakedness It is not fair though why should I have made such a trip for nothing Zhang Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life What have I been doing during the 8 000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering The bygone days like wisps of smoke have been dispersed by gentle winds and like thin mist have been evaporated by the rising sun What traces have I left behind No nothing not even gossamer like traces I have come to this world stark naked and in the twinkling of an eye I am go to back as stark naked as ever However I am taking it very much to heart why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all 你聪明的 告诉我 我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢 Zhu You the wise tell me why should our days leave us never to return Zhang O you the wise would you tell me please why should our days go by never to return 朱纯深译文选自 名作精译 青岛出版社 2003年 张培基译文选自张培基译注 英译中国现代散文选 一 上海外语教育出版社 2007 年 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 6 23 永远的憧憬和追求永远的憧憬和追求 萧红 My Ever lasting Yearning 刘士聪译 My Everlasting Dream and Pursuit 张培基译 1 一九一一年 在一个小 县城里边 我生在一个 小地主的家里 那县城 差不多就是中国的最 东最北部 黑龙江 省 所以一年之中 倒有四个月飘着白雪 In 1911 I was born into a petty landlord family in a small county town in Heilongjiang China s far northeastern province where it snowed for at least four months of the year In 1911 I was born into a petty Landlord family in a remote county town in Heilongjiang Province a town situated virtually at the northeastern tip of China We had snow there for as long as one third of a year 2 父亲常常为着贪婪而 失掉了人性 Father was very avaricious almost to the point of inhumanity Father driven by avarice often became very unfeeling 3 他对待仆人 对待自己 的儿女 以及对待我的 祖父都是同样的吝啬 而疏远 甚至于无情 He was miserly cold or heartless to his servants his children and even his own father He would treat his servants his own children and even my grandpa alike with meanness and indifference not to say with ruthlessness 4 有一次 为着房屋租金 的事情 父亲把房客的 全套的马车赶了过来 Once a tenant failed to pay his house rent and Father detained his cart and horses Once due to a dispute over house rent he took away by force a tenant s horse drawn cart and drove it home 5 房客的家属们哭着诉 说着 向我的祖父跪了 下来 于是祖父把两匹 棕色的马从车上解下 来还了回去 The tenant s family knelt in front of Grandpa pleading for mercy with tears in their eyes Grandpa took the two brown horses off the cart and gave them back to the tenant The tenant s family came to see grandpa and dropping to their knees tearfully related their troubles Grandpa unharnessed the two chestnut horses and returned them to the tenant 6 为着这两匹马 父亲向 祖父起着终夜的争吵 for which Father rowed with him for the whole night That touched off a night long quarrel between father and grandpa 7 两匹马 咱们是不算 什么的 穷人 这匹马 就是命根 祖父这样 说着 而父亲还是争 吵 Two horses do not matter much to us said Grandpa but they are of life and death to the poor But Father would not give in The two horses mean nothing to us but everything to the poor argued grandpa Father however refused to listen 8 九岁时 母亲死去 父 亲也就更变了样 偶然 打碎了一只杯子 他就 要骂到使人发抖的程 度 When I was nine Mother died and Father became even worse If you accidentally broke a small thing like a cup he would throw such curses as to make you shiver all over Mother died when I was nine From then on father went from bad to worse Even a mere cup accidentally broken by someone would send him into such a violent rage that we all shivered with fear 9 后来就连父亲的眼睛 也转了弯 每从他的身 边经过 我就像自己的 His eyes would cast sideways glances Whenever I passed by him he would eye me sideways Later whenever I happened to walk past him he would even have his eyes directed sideways which 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 7 23 身上生了针刺一样 他 斜视着你 他那高傲的 眼光从鼻梁经过嘴角 而后往下流着 with an arrogant look streaming down the bridge of his nose and off the corner of his mouth making me feel as if pricked on needles made me feel like being pricked all over on thorns When he looked askance at me superciliousness gushed from his eyes down the bridge of his nose and then off the corners of his mouth 10 所以每每在大雪中的 黄昏里 围着暖炉 围 着祖父 听着祖父读着 诗篇 看着祖父读着诗 篇时微红的嘴唇 In snowy evenings I would sit with Grandpa by the stove listening to him reading poems with my eyes fixed on his pink lips while he was reading Often of a snowy evening we children would hang about grandpa by a heating stove listening to him reading poems aloud and meanwhile watching his busy ruddy lips 11 父亲打了我的时候 我 就在祖父的房里 一直 面向着窗子 从黄昏到 深夜 窗外的白雪 好像白棉花一样的飘 着 而暖炉上水壶的盖 子 则像伴奏的乐器似 的振动着 When Father beat me I would go to Grandpa s room and stood by the window from evening till late into the night watching the cotton white snow falling while the lid of the kettle over the stove clinked like a musical instrument playing accompaniment Whenever father had given me a beating I would seek solace in grandpa s room where I would stay gazing out of the window from dusk will late into the night while snowflakes were flying like cotton and the lid of the kettle over the heating stove rattling like a musical instrument playing an accompaniment 12 祖父时时把多纹的两 手放在我的肩上 而后 又放在我的头上 我的 耳边便响着这样的声 音 Grandpa putting his wrinkled hand on my shoulder and then on my head would say Grandpa would place his wrinkled hand on my shoulder and then on my head saying 13 快快长吧 长大就好 了 Grow quickly my child When you are grown things will be better Grow up quick poor child You ll be all right after you ve grown up 14 二十岁那年 我就逃出 了父亲的家庭 When I was twenty I fled home I fled from home at twenty 15 直到现在还是过着流 浪的生活 Since then I have been wandering around like a hobo And so far I still live the life of a vagrant 16 长大 是 长大 了 而没有 好 Grown as I am things are not any better True I ve grown up but I m not yet all right 17 可是从祖父那里 知道 了人生除掉了冰冷和 憎恶而外 还有温暖和 爱 However from Grandpa I have learned that in life there is not only coldness and hatred but also warmth and love Nevertheless from grandpa I ve learned that apart from coldness and hatred there is also warmth and love in life 18 所以我就向这 温暖 和 爱 的方面 怀着 永久的憧憬和追求 For that warmth and love I will keep yearning Hence my everlasting dream and pursuit of this warmth and love 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 8 23 Samuel Johnson s Letter to Lord Chesterfield Samuel Johnson 1709 84 To the Right Honourable the Earl of Chesterfield 7th February 1755 My Lord I have been lately informed by the proprietor of The World that two Papers in which my Dictionary is recommended to the Public were written by your Lordship To be so distinguished is an honour which being very little accustomed to favours from the Great I know not well how to receive or in what terms to acknowledge When upon some slight encouragement I first visited your Lordship I was overpowered like the rest of Mankind by the enchantment of your address and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending but I found my attendance so little encouraged that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it When I had once addressed your Lordship in public I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess I had done all that I could and no Man is well pleased to have his all neglected be it ever so little Seven years My Lord have now passed since I waited in your outward Rooms or was repulsed from your Door during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties of which it is useless to complain and have brought it at last to the verge of Publication without one Act of assistance 1 one word of encouragement or one smile of favour Such treatment I did not expect for I never had a Patron before The Shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love and found him a Native of the Rocks Is not a patron My Lord one who looks with unconcern on a Man struggling for life in the water and when he has reached ground encumbers him with help The notice which you have been pleased to take of my Labours had it been early had been kind but it has been delayed till I am indifferent and cannot enjoy it till I am solitary and cannot impart it 2 till I am known and do not want it I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received or to be unwilling that the Public should consider me as owing that to a Patron which providence has enabled me to do for myself Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any Favourer of Learning I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it if less be possible with less for I have been long wakened from that Dream of hope in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 9 23 My Lord Your Lordship s Most Humble Most Obedient Servant SAM JOHNSON 3 Notes by James Boswell 1 The following note is subjoined by Mr Langton Dr Johnson when gave me this copy of his letter desired that I would annex to it his information to me that whereas it is said in the letter that no assistance has been received he did once receive from Lord Chesterfield the sum of ten pounds but as that was so inconsiderable a sum he thought the mention of it could not properly find a place in a letter of the kind that this was 2 In this passage Dr Johnson evidently alludes to the loss of his wife We find the same tender recollection recurring to his mind upon innumerable occasions and perhaps no man ever more forcibly felt the truth of the sentiment so elegantly expressed by my friend Mr Malone in his Prologue to Mr Jephson s tragedy of JULIA Vain wealth and fame and fortune s fostering care If no fond breast the splendid blessings share And each day s bustling pageantry once past There only there our bliss is found at last 3 Upon comparing this copy with that which Dr Johnson dictated to me from recollection the variations are found to be so slight that this must be added to the many other proofs which he gave of the wonderful extent and accuracy of his memory To gratify the curious in composition I have deposited both the copies in the British Museum 译文译文 1 致齐斯特菲伯爵书致齐斯特菲伯爵书 伯爵大人钧鉴 日前 承世界日报业主告知 该报所刊对拙著 字典 赞誉交加之两篇文章 实出于阁 下之手笔 阁下对本人如此揄扬 诚三生有幸 本人素乏伟人提携奖励 骤得恩宠 惶恐万 分 不知该如何承受 如何致谢 始得其当也 昔日 本人尝稍受鼓励 即趋阶请益 阁下言辞华美迷人 一介凡夫如我 何能免俗 禁不住陶醉神驰而沾沾自喜 大兴非独霸文坛而不罢休之豪情 曾几何时 阁下之言 虽 犹在耳 阁下对我之垂顾 却已烟消云散 使我无论如何自欺 亦无法开释于怀 自问当初 本人对阁下之尊敬忠诚 殷勤取悦 比诸任何煮字疗饥的文人 绝不逊色 我已竭其所能 使尽浑身解数 仍然无法获得阁下垂青 是可忍 孰不可忍也 忆及当初本人或枯候阁下于玄关 或见摈于大门之外 时光无情 忽焉已七载有余 当 是时也 本人无一日不孜孜矻矻 夙夜匪懈 努力工作而无一字一句埋怨 如今大功告成 字典 行将出版 亦无人助一臂之力 致一安慰之词 或对我微笑示惠 以资鼓励 世所 谓 恩主 Patron 者 与本人一向无缘 今后亦不敢有此奢望 维吉尔诗中之牧羊童子 最后虽有幸结识爱神 Love 但早已奄奄一息 僵卧于野 复旦大学 文学翻译鉴赏 讲义 散文翻译 2016 年秋季 10 23 为时晚矣 阁下 世之所谓恩主者 岂见溺不救 任其浮沉 不加理睬 及其登岸 又伸以援手 示以关切者之流耶 阁下对本人挖空心思之捧场文章 如果早来一步 不知使我将如何感激 涕零 然而 事过境迁 一切均成明日黄花 本人现已无心强颜欢笑 自我陶醉 当我孤独 一人 呼天既不应 唤地亦无闻 现我功成名就 又何劳他人锦上添花 代为吹嘘 此乃出 自肺腑之言 并非一时意气之争 尚希仁人君子不至于误解本人乃忘恩负义之徒 因我既无 恩可忘 更无义可负也 本人工作已近完成阶段 以往既未蒙任何文坛先进 衮衮诸公 提携奖掖 如今亦不会 因此而伤心欲绝 肝肠寸断 对于一切事后溢美之词 最好能省即省 能免则免 对于曩昔 信以为真 全心以赴的千秋大梦 本人已梦醒多时 此颂 约翰逊 再拜 1755 年 2 月 7 日 罗珞珈 莫洛夫译 译文选自 约翰逊传 原作者 James Boswell 2004 中国社会 科学出版社 译文译文 2 致柴斯特菲尔德勋爵书致柴斯特菲尔德勋爵书 1 勋爵阁下 顷据 世界报 主人 2通知 该报近所载有关拙著词典之推荐文章二篇 均系出自勋爵 阁下手笔 承蒙如此重视 自是荣耀非常 第以平日未习惯于贵人之垂青 故余真不知将以 何心情领受 并不知以何言辞申谢也 犹忆当年小蒙鼓励 因有幸初次踵门拜谒之际 余之为阁下之辞令心