甘肃省兰州市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解学生选练6.docVIP

兰州市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解学生选练（6）阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.but in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubledto $1.01 per packsmokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.this is not a surprise to public health advocates.theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years，finding that smokers，especially teens，are price sensitive.nor is it a shock to the industry，which fiercely fights every tax increase.the only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message.tobacco taxes improve public health，they raise money and most particularly，they deter people from taking up the habit as teens，which is when nearly all smokers are addicted.yet the rate of taxation varies widely.in manhattan，for instance，which has the highest tax in the nation，a pack of marlboro light kings，cost $10.06 at one drugstore wednesday.in charleston，s.c.，where the 7 cent a pack tax is the lowest in the nation，the price was $4.78.the influence is obvious.in new york，high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys13.8%，far below the national average.by comparison,26% of high school students smoke in kentucky.other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.hal rogers，representative from kentucky，like those who are against high tobacco taxes，argues that the burden of the tax falls on lowincome americans “who choose to smoke.”thats true.but there is more reason in keeping future generations of lowincome workers from getting hooked in the first place.as for todays adults，if the new tax drives them to quit，they will have more to spend on their families，cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.【语篇解读】 烟草税增加后，取得了立竿见影的效果许多烟民纷纷戒烟。然而有些地方却对此充耳不闻，中学生吸烟的比例居高不下。本文让我们意识到：从长远看，通过增加烟草税而使人们戒烟是泽被千家万户的大事。1the text is mainly about _.athe price of cigarettesbthe rate of teen smokingcthe effect of tobacco tax increasedthe differences in tobacco tax rate解析主旨大意题。本文主要谈论的是烟草税增加后取得的明显效果以及给人们带来的益处。a、b、d三项均为文章的某一方面。答案c2what does the author think is a surprise?ateen smokers are price sensitive.bsome states still keep the tobacco tax low.ctobacco taxes improve public health.dtobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.解析事实细节题。由第三段第一句可知，唯 一让人吃惊的是，有些州对此充耳不闻，也就是继续保持低烟草税。答案b3rogers attitude towards the lowincome smokers might be that of _.atolerance bunconcern cdoubt dsympathy解析推理判断题。roger认为高烟草税是把税收负担加到了低收入的烟民身上，故应该持同情态度。答案d4what can we learn from the last paragraph?athe new tax will be beneficial in the long run.blowincome americans are more likely to fall ill.cfuture generations will be hooked on smoking.dadults will depend more on their families.解析推理判断题。由全文最后一句可知，增加烟草税促使烟民戒烟，可让他们有更多的时间与家人团聚，减少癌症和心脏病的发病率，从长远看，是一件有益的事情。答案aaon a sunny day last august, tim heard some shouting. looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.two 12-year-old boys, christian and jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. the pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. but they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.everything went quiet in my head, tim recalls (回忆). i was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. at one point, i considered turning back, he says. i wondered if i was putting my life at risk. after 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, take down the umbrella!christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. then tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. he took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him.lets aim for the pier (码头), jack said. tim turned the boat toward it. soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. can you guys swim? he cried. a little bit, the boys said.once they were in the water, tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. christian and jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.“are we almost there? they asked again and again. yes, tim told them each time.after 30minutes, they reached the pier.1. why did the two boys go to the sea?a. to go boat rowing. b. to swim in the open water.c. to get back their football.d. to test the umbrella as a sail.2. what does it in paragraph 2 refer to? a. the beach. b. the wind.c. the boat. d. the water.3. why did tim raise his head regularly? a. to check his distance from the boys. b. to consider turning back or not. c. to take in enough fresh air. d. to ask the boys to take down the umbrella.4. how did the two boys finally reach the pier? a. they were carried to the pier by tim on his back. b. they swam to the pier all by themselves. c. they were washed to the pier by the waves. d. they were dragged to the pier by tim.参考答案1-4 cbad bwhat will power your house in the future？nuclear，wind，or solar power？according to scientists at the massachusetts institute of technology (mit) in the us，it might be leaves but artificial (人造的) ones.natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water into energy. it is known as photosynthesis (光合作用)now researchers have found a way to imitate this seemingly simple process.the artificial leaf developed by daniel nocera and his colleagues at mit can be seen as a special silicon chip with catalysts (催化剂)similar to natural leaves，it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. the hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell，which uses those two materials to produce electricity，located either on top of a house or beside the house.though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card，scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries. “one can imagine villages in india and africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology,” said nocera at a conference of the american chemical society.the artificial leaf is not a new idea. the first artificial leaf was invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. the new leaf，by contrast，is made of cheap materials，easy to use and highly stable. in laboratory studies，nocera showed that an artificial leaf prototype (原型) could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.the wonderful improvements come from noceras recent discovery of several powerful，new and inexpensive catalysts. these catalysts make the energy transformation inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. right now，the new leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. besides，the device can run in whatever water is available；that is，it doesnt need pure water. this is important for some countries that dont have access to pure water.with the goal to “make each home its own power station” and “give energy to the poor”，scientists believe that the new technology could be widely used in developing countries，especially in india and rural china.5which of the following orders correctly shows how the artificial leaf is used to produce electricity?aartificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygenbthe hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cellcthe artificial leaves are put in waterdthe fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricityac，a，b，d bc，b，a，d cb，c，a，d dc，a，d，b6the purpose of the scientists at mit in developing the new artificial leaf is to_. abuild up more power stations in the worldbprovide cheaper energy for developing countriescoffer people in developing countries access to pure waterdgain a deeper understanding of the photosynthesis process7the main idea of this passage is _.aan introduction to the history of artificial leaves ba mixture of water power and solar energycgiving energy to the poor dan invention copying photosynthesis参考答案5-7 abd cin december, 2010, many american newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. freedom by jonathan franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this years list of favorites. it tells about the ups and downs of the berglund family over many years. mr. franzen fills the book with sharp observations about american politics, culture and society.jennifer egans book a visit from the goon squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. the story moves back and forth in time, from different viewpoints. one main character is former rock musician bennie salazar who works for a record company. the other main character is a troubled young woman named sasha who works for bennie. the reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends.the main character in the imperfectionists by tom rachman is a failing english language newspaper published in rome, italy. each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality.two of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. just kids is by rock singer patti smith. it tells about her friendship with the artist robert mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. life is the autobiography of rolling stones guitarist keith richards. it is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced.unbroken by laura hillenbrand tells about a man named louis zamperini. she tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the pacific ocean during would war two.stacy schiff has received great praise for her book cleopatra: a life. it tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, cleopatra. she ruled ancient egypt about 2,000 years ago. one critic said ms. schiff has brought cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.8.the following books are related to music except_. a. the imperfectionists b. a visit from the goon squad c. just kids d. life9.if your major is the history of ancient africa, you may pay attention to _. a. freedom by jonathan franzen b. unbroken by laura hillenbrand c. the imperfections by tom rachman d. cleopatra: a life by stacy schiff10which book will give you a practical understanding of the usa? alife bcleopatra: a life cfreedomda visit from the goon squad11.the last sentence of the passage implies that _. astacy schiff is an archaeologist bthe critic finds the character in the book very real cthe critic speaks highly of cleopatra in history dstacy schiff tells a story about an imaginary egyptian queen参考答案8-11 adcb di want to talk about the economynot the economy we hear about endlessly in the news each day and in politicians speechesi want to talk about the real economy, the one we live in day by daymost people arent particularly interested in the economyshare prices are flying high; interest rates are soaring(令人伤心的）; the dow jones index closed sixty-three points down on 847235 we hear this and subconsciously switch off notice that the economy is not the same as the economy, the economy is what men in suits play with to make vast personal wealththe economy is where the rest of us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing the necessities of life we are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages of a well-off societyso why do we feel tired and stressed? we have no time for anything other than work, which is ridiculous given the number of labor-saving devices in our livesour towns become more and more crowdedwe poison our air and seas, and our food is full of chemicalstheres something wrong hereif times were truly good, then you may think wed all feel optimistic about the futureyet the majority of us are deeply worriedmore than 90 percent of us think we are too concerned about ourselves and not concerned enough about future generations the term economic expansion suggests something desirable, but expansion simply means spending more moneymore spending doesnt mean that life is getting better. we all know it often means the opposite - greed, crime, poverty, pollution. more spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which is based on production and consumption. unless money keeps circulating, the economy breaks down. if we dont keep consuming, the whole system g