语法错题分类(第三部分：状语从句).doc

语法错题分类第三部分：状语从句状语从句经常犯的错误：1. 句子的时态经常搞错。在虚拟语气条件句中：If I had been there, I would not have made the same mistake. If I were (had been) you, I would not have said that. 在hardlywhen./ no sooner than (前面从句用过去完成时) Hardly had I fallen asleep when he woke me up. Hardly had I finished this job when he assigned me another one. 2. 引导词用错：“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If高友林状语从句犯的错误：1) Mike acted _ nothing had happened. A, as B. as though C. as although D. just like 高友林选A2) Mother was worried because little Alice fell ill, especially _ her father was away in France. A, ,as B. that C. during D. if 高友林选C3) I will put the book _ you placed it and make a mark at the place _ I put it. A, where, at which B. at which, where C. where, which D. at which, at which 高友林选B4) I wont give you any help _ you tell me the truth. Its none of your business. A, unless B. since C. if D. even if 高友林选A5) I have never seen so many hotels in my life _ I came to Europe. A, as B. since C. before D. after 高友林选C6) - The thread o f my kite broke and it flew away. - I had told you it would easily break _ it was the weakest. A, when B. where C. unless D. what 高友林选C7) Im sure that all the obvious methods have been tried. _ theres not much I can do. A, In case B. In that case C. So that D. Even if高友林选C8) _ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. A, Though much B. Much although C. As much D. Much as 高友林选B9) At first I thought I understood what he said, but the more I thought, _. A, the more I became confused B. the more confused did I become C. the more confused I became D. I became confused more 高友林选C(1) when引导的时间状语从句.when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。如： When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. When the students heard the teachers footsteps, they all stopped talking. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。如：we were about to start when it began to rain.The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.注:并列连词when常用与以下句型中: was/were doingwhen(正在做突然) was/were about to dowhen(刚要做突然) was/were on the point of doingwhen(刚要做突然) had just donewhen.(刚一就) Hardly/Scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就) (2) as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生：We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes.(3) while引导的时间状语从句while表示“在某一段时间里”或“在期间”，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。如：When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldnt (4) before引导的时间状语从句 before“在之前”I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.Ill be back before you have left. before“之后才”It may be many years before we meet again.It was three days before I came back.before引导从句时,词义非常灵活,注意下列句子中的before的词义:1.Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就)2.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就)3.We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才)4.Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就)(5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句as soon as 是最常见的表示“一就”的从属连词，其他连词还有once，directly，immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。如：As soon as we got home, the telephone rang.I recognized her immediately I saw her.Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.。(6) hardly.when/no sooner.than引导的时间状语从句关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely.when和no sooner.than的意思是“刚就”，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如：He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.(7) since引导的时间状语从句在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时： Weve never met since we graduated from the college.Great changes have taken place since you left.(8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义，作“直到时(为止)”解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。如： Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph. D course. I wont go with you until (till) I finished my homework. till (until) 和nottill (until)till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的,意思是到为止如:He remained there till/until she arrived.nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的,意思是直到才如:She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.notuntil还有强调式和倒装式:强调句:It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.倒装句:Not until he returns home will she go to bed. (9) whenever/each time/every time引导的时间状语从句whenever在引导时间状语从句时作“每当；每次”解，each time和every time与whenever同义，通常可以与它换用。如： The roof leaks whenever it rains. Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together，heat is produced. Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying.几个极易混淆的时间状语从句:It was +时间点+when(当的时候时间是)It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就/过了才)It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.It is /has been +时间段+since(自从以来有)It is/has been 3 years since we last met.突破点:一看be动词的时态,二看时间段还是时间点.注意:在It is /has been +时间段+since句型中,从句的动词必须是短暂性的,如果是延续性的动词,时间要从从句的动作结束时算起.如:It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了)2. 地点状语从句从属连词where“在（或到）的地方”Where there is a will, there is a way.Put it where you found it. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。如：He said he was happy where he was.Its your fault that she is where she is. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。如：Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary.Avoid structure of this kind where possible.从属连词wherever“在（或到）的各个地方”：You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days.Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.Sit down wherever you like. 3. 原因状语从句(1) because引导的原因状语从句 because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。 I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it. Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time.(2) as引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用。如：As I didnt know the way，I asked a policeman.As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.(3) since引导的原因状语从句since引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和as换用。如：Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.Since you wont help me ，Ill ask someone else. 注意because, since, as的区别:1)why的语气最强,它引导的从句比主句更重要,从句的位置可前可后;例外回答why的问句必须使用because.如:-Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday -Because I was ill.2)since和now that意思是既然,语气仅次于because,从句的位置一般在前.如:Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.3)as的语气比since更弱,意思是由于, 从句的位置可前可后.如:As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much.4)*for也有因为之意,但for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据,前面常带逗号.如:It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.(4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“因为；既然”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。如：Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own.I do remember，now (that) you mention it.(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句Seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。如：Seeing (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home. Seeing that he s ill，hes unlikely to come.4. 目的状语从句(1) in order that引导的目的状语从句in order that“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。如：You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that“为了；以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.(3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。如：Take your umbrella with you，lest it should rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains. He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 第二章、状语从句(2) 1. 结果状语从句(1) so that引导的结果状语从句They started out early, so that they didnt miss the train.They started out early so that they would not miss the train.(2) so.that引导的结果状语从句so.that“如此以致”，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.(3) such.that引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的such.that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如：The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese.The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed(The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.) 2. 条件状语从句(1) if引导的条件状语从句if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见“虚拟语气”)和真实条件状语从句。如：If he said that，he cant be telling the truth. (2) unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。如：Youll be late unless you hurry. (3) if only引导的条件状语从句if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要；如果”。如:Ill let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition.(4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：As long as it doesnt rain, we can play.(5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果；只要”。如：I will agree to go provided providing (that my expense are paid.)Providing you promise not to tell anyone else Ill explain the secret.3. 让步状语从句(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句although和though，都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调“但是”语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.。(2) even if引导的让步状语从句 even thougheven if “即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：Even if it rains tomorrow，we wont change our plan.Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.Even though I didnt understand a word，I kept smiling.Even though you say so，I do not believe it.(3) much as引导的让步状语从句 much as“虽然，尽管”，通常可以和although/though换用： Much as Id like to，I cant come. Much as I admire his courage，I dont think he acted wisely. Child as he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装) (4) whatever/no matter what, whichever/no matter which, whoever/no matter who, wherever/no matter where, whenever和no matter when, however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句 Whatever/No matter what he says，dont go. We are determined to fulfill the task，whatever/no matter what happens.Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse Barbara was determined to find them. You cant come in， whoever you are. Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him Im busy.Wherever/No matter where you go, Im right here waiting fo ryou.However much you regret doing that， there is nothing you can do about it now.However high it may be，it cant reach the sky. Whenever Im unhappy，he cheers me up.(5) as引导的让步状语从句as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然；尽管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如：Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it.Late as it was, they continued to study.4. 方式状语从句(1) as引导的方式状语从句as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以方式；如同那样”，从句有时是省略句。如：Do as I say. I did just as you told me. Air is to man as water is to fish. (2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解。如：二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。as if比as though更为常用。但也可用陈述语气，表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如：They looked at me as if as though I were mad.They look as if/as though they know each other.5. 比较状语从句(1) as.as 引导的比较状语从句as.as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：We were as fortunate as them (they were)I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). (2) not so/as.as 引导的比较状语从句not so/as.as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：Thats not so/as simple as it sounds. (3) than引导的比较状语从句than引导的比较状语从句表示同等比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：He has lived here longer than I(has lived).They love the girl than(they love) him.(4) the., the.引导的比较状语从句The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.The harder you work , the greater progress you will make.Exercises: 1) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(2003上海高考)A. when B. unless C. after D. until2) Come and see me whenever _.(2003北京高考)A. you are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you3) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.(2003北京高考)A. until B. when C. before D.as4) -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her.(2001北京、内蒙古、安徽春招)A. while B. the momentC. suddenly D. once5) The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002上海春招)A.when B. whenever C. where D. wherever6) _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(NMET1999)A. Now that B. AfterC. Although D.As soon as7) The Italian boy was regarded as a hero _ he gave his life for his country.(MET1985)A. according to B. because of C. on account of D. because8) We had better hurry _ it is getting dark.(MET1984)A. and B. but C. as D. unless9) We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海高考)A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rushC. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush10)