河北省秦皇岛市卢龙县高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习（8） (2).doc

河北省秦皇岛市卢龙县2016高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习（8）【2015高考复习】阅读理解in an ideal world，people would not test medicines on animals.such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals，and expensive and timeconsuming for people.yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge.that is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.europe，on the whole，has the worlds most restrictive laws on animal experiments.even so，its scientists use some 12 million animals a year，most of them mice and rats，for medical research.official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in america each year.but that is misleading.the american authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and，as these are the most common laboratory animals，the true figure is much higher.japan and china have even less comprehensive data than america. now europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs.alternatives to animal testing，such as using human tissue or computer models，are now strongly recommended.in addition，sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use.at present，scientists often share only the results of successful experiments.if their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested，the work never sees the light of day.this practice means wasting time，money，and animals lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives.it needs to continue，even if that means animals sometimes suffer.europes new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.【语篇解读】用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物试验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。1what is the main idea of this passage?athe success of animal experiments should be ensured.ba ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.cgreater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.dscientists should be required to share their research results with each other.解析主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物试验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物试验所作的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于试验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以c项最能概括文章大意。答案c2which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?aamerica uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.beurope does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.cbritain does not use as many lab animals as china does.djapan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.解析正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。 答案d3which of the following is mentionad as an alternative to replace animal experiments?astatistical studies.bcomputer models.cdna planted in animals.dtissue from dead animals.解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物试验。答案b4what usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?athey are not revealed to the public.bthey are made into teaching materials.cthey are collected for future publication.dthey are not removed from the research topic list.解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将永不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。答案a【阅读理解】 as a young boy, i sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. he was a rural mail carrier, and on saturdays he would ask me to go with him. driving through the countryside was always an adventure: there were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and dad did.in the spring, dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when i was a boy it was such fun to stick your fingers through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers.on dads final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailboxes to thank him for his friendship and his years of service.“two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route，” he used to say, “and a story at every one.” one lady had no mailbox, so dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills.mailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. one note left in a mailbox read, “nat, take these eggs to marian; shes baking a cake and doesnt have any eggs.” mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground, but the mail was always delivered. on cold days dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. a young girl wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few buttons on the envelope in the mailbox; dad paid for the stamps. one businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for dad to take to the bank. once, the amount came to $32,000.a dozen years ago, when i traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of dads death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. i thought i knew them all, but that wasnt the case.as i drove home, i noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. when my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. one box was painted green, and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: santa claus, north pole. for years children had dropped letters to santa through those holes.i made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. mom and i were sitting at the kitchen table when i heard footsteps. there, at the door, stood frank townsend, dads postmaster and great friend for many years. so we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories.at one point frank looked at me with tears in his eyes. “what are we going to do about the letters this christmas？”he asked.“the letters？”“i guess you never knew.”“knew what？”“remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to santa in those green and red boxes on main street? it was your dad who answered all those letters every year.”i just sat there with tears in my eyes. it wasnt hard for me to imagine dad sitting at the old oak table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one. i have since spoken with several of the people who received christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that santa had known so much about their homes and families.for me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.1. it can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with dad as _.a. great chances to help other people b. happy occasions to play with baby chickensc. exciting experiences with a lot of fund. good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies 2. the writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that _.a. dad had a strong sense of duty b. dad was an honest and reliable manc. dad had a strong sense of honor d. dad was a kind and generous man3. according to the passage, which of the following impressed the writer most?a. dad read letters for a blind lady for years. b. dad paid for the stamps for a young girl.c. dad delivered some eggs to marian.d. dad answered childrens christmas letters every year.4. the method the writer uses to develop paragraph 4 is _.a. offering analyses b. providing explanationsc. giving examples d. making comparisons4. what surprised the children most when they received letters in reply from santa claus every year?a. santa claus lived alone in the cold north pole.b. santa claus answered all their letters every year.c. santa claus had unique mailboxes for the children.d. santa claus had so much information about their families.5. which of the following is the best title for the passage?a. the mail b. christmas lettersc. special mailboxes d. memorable travels【要点综述】这是一篇感人的叙述亲情的文章，在这里，父亲是一个乡村送信人，这么多年来他都无私地为219个信箱服务，一直到他退休。但让作者没有料到的是，父亲还在每年圣诞节的时候扮演着圣诞老人的角色，默默地回复着孩子们写给圣诞老人的信。1. c推理判断题。从全文第一段提到的always an adventure: there were animals to see知，作者认为与父亲一起去乡下送信是一件惬意的事情，因为在路上碰到的事情令人激动不已，所以选c项。2. b推理判断题。从文章第四段one businessman used to leavethe amount came to $32,000.知，商人认为父亲是一个诚实且值得信赖的人，所以他才会这么相信他，让他把数目很多的钱送往银行，由此知b项为最佳答案。3. d细节理解题。从文章最后几段可以看出，作者没有想到的是，父亲竟然还曾扮演过圣诞老人的角色，给孩子们回信，这大大出乎他的意料。这也可以从倒数第二段i just sat there with tears in my eyes.可以看出，我对父亲的这种行为感到非常吃惊和感动，由此选d项。4. c文章结构题。从第四段知，作者在这里举到了几个事例，如帮人送鸡蛋，帮小姑娘支付邮票，甚至帮一个商人去存钱等等，这些都是例子，所以该段举了很多事例来说明父亲平凡中的“伟大”，故选c项。59. d推理判断题。从倒数第二段and they told me how amazed they were that推断知，当时小朋友们对于圣诞老人居然这么了解他们的家庭生活感到非常吃惊，所以答案选d项。5. a主旨大意题。从全文知，本文作者主要讲述了自己的父亲，一个平凡中显现伟大的送信人的故事，所以用a项能较好地概括全文中心，这里用the mail来突出父亲的工作和他的敬业，故a项最佳。 阅读理解。why laughter mattersalthough most people believe that laughter is one of the natures great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.“laughter above all else is a social thing，” says baltimore neuroscientist, robert provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “all laughter groups laugh hahaha basically the same way. whether you speak mandarin, french or english, everyone will understand laughter. there is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”laughing is our first way of communicating. babies laugh long before they speak. no one teaches them how to laugh. they just do. people may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on april fools day. but surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isnt dependent on single sense but on social interactions.and laughter is not just a thing of people. chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.jaak panksepp, a bowling green university psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. it turns out rats love to be tickledthey return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.by studying rats, scientists can figure out whats going on in the brain during laughter. northwestern university biomedical engineering professor, jeffrey burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). he thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. this would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. margaret stuber, a professor at university of california, studied whether laugher helped patients. she found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.“no study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” provine said, largely because its hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. but he thinks it doesnt really matter, “isnt the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”1the most important finding of robert provines research is that _alaughter makes a person feel goodblaughter depends on different sensesclaughter is a quality people are born withdlaughter is a social response shared by all creatures2according to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find _aif they can laugh bif they like laughingcwhat laughter in rats produces dhow rats react while being tickled3what can we learn from the passage?apatients will recover if they laugh enough.blaughter is a means of communication as well as a language.ca new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.dscientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.4which of the following shows the structure of the passage?a. b.c. d.cp: central pointp: pointsp: subpoint(次要点) c: conclusion【要点综述】“笑”既是人类也是动物的一种交际行为，多数人认为“笑”是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的有效方式之一。“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系，尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使你身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。1a推理判断题。根据最后一段“isnt the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”可知a项正确。2c事实细节题。根据第六段“laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)”可知。故c项正确。3b事实细节题。根据第二段“all laughter groups laughhahaha basically the same way.”以及第三段“laughing is our first way of communicating.”可知，“笑”既是一种交际方式也是一种所有物种都能理解的语言。故b项正确。4d篇章结构题。文章第一节首先提出话题：尽管“笑”被认为是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的方式之一，但是它仍旧是研究者们试图想弄明白的一个严肃的科研项目；接着文章从两个方面来论述主观点：(1)“笑”是人类的行为：laughter above all else is a social thinglaughing is our first way of communicating；(2)“笑”也是动物的行为：and laughter is not just a thing of people；最后得出结论：“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使人身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。综上可知d项正确。【2013界广东省惠州市模拟】 abraham lincoln was born into poverty 200 years ago. at any other time and place, this lowly origin would have dictated his future, but in lincolns case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his countrys history. he has become a role model in the self-made america.if you want to learn about somebody who didnt quit, look no further. abraham lincoln had two business ventures failed, and the second one made him bankrupt, so he had to spend the next 17 years of his life paying for the debt. he also lost 8 different elections. it seemed that he had never done things right at the first time: the first time he ran for state legislature for congress, for land officer, for senate, all of these failed, and the first time he sought the vice-presidential nomination, he got less than 100 votes nationally. but he never found it too shameful to carry on his mission. then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the white house. he lived up to his famous saying, “always bear in mind that your own determination to success is more important than any other.”he could have quit many times-but he didnt and because he didnt quit ，he became one of the greatest presidents in the history of america. one important way lincoln influences present society is that we look back on his life as a role model for future generations. lincolns high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example lincoln set. a major influence lincoln has on the united states today is simply through the good example he set when it came to honesty, persistence and leadership.36.according to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is true?a.lincoln was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.b.like lincoln, a poor origin leads to a bright future.c.america is considered self-made because of lincoln.d.self-determination and will contributed to lincolns success.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据but in lincolns case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his countrys history.可知是林肯的决心和意志导致他的成功。故选d。37.what is paragraph two mainly about?a.how lincoln made his way to the white house.b.lincoln suffered various failures.c.lincoln was a man who never quit.d.lincoln once lost two business ventures.【答案】c【解析】段落大意题。根据if you want to learn about somebody who didnt quit, look no further.可知林肯是个不放弃的人。故选c。38.which is the correct order of what happened to lincoln?a. he was paying off his debt.b. he failed in the run for land officer,c. he got less than 100 votes nationally. d. he stuck to his mission, e. he went bankrupt.a. b-c-c-d-ab. c-3.-b-c-dc. 6-c-s-b-dd. d-c-s-b-c【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知顺序是：e. he went bankrupt.-a. he was paying off his debt.-b. he failed in the run for land officer,-c. he got less than 100 votes nationally.-d. he stuck to his mission,故选b。39. what is the function of lincolns famous saying in paragraph two?a.to tell us that determination is the most important to success.b.to attract readers1 attention.c.to show why lincoln was able to carry on in hard times.d.to summarize lincolns story.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the white house. he lived up to his famous saying, 可知这句话是为了表明为什么他能度过难关。故选c。40.why does the writer consider lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in america?a.because he still influences america as a role model.b.because he set a good example to the present politicians.c.because of his great personalities.d.because he went through diverse difficulties.【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。根据lincolns high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example lincoln set.可知林肯还是一个榜样并影响了美国人，故选a。【由2015届广西桂林中学高三8月月考改编】语篇语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。a: welcome to the zhoukoudian caves here in china. it is (1) _ great pleasure to meet you students from england, who are interested in archaeology. you must be aware that its here (2) _ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. weve been excavating here for many years and s1: im sorry (3) _ (interrupt) you but how could they live here? there are only rocks and trees.a: good questions. you are an acute (4) _(observe). we have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. so we think it is (5) _ (reason) to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.s2: how did they keep warm? they couldnt have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. it must have been very uncomfortable.a: weve discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves (6) _ they made fires. that would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared w