新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译.doc

Key to book4 unit1-6Unit 1Active reading (2)8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 . its true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (its true).7 I talked to him about . well, about pretty well everything This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in usetry as might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as might .1 Im trying to fill this last page, but I just cant think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just cant think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesnt seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesnt seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I cant help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I cant help thinking about my family.4 He just doesnt seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesnt seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesnt seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that 4 Rewrite the sentences using given that 1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since were all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that were all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since its rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that its rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 Shes experienced at giving advice. Im more experienced.Shes less experienced at giving advice than I am. / Im more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isnt good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers dont work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isnt acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I dont think you should have given so much personal information. It isnt wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I havent. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ive had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, let alone till Im 60.（ 翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。如最后一句译文加了“领养老金”，点出了与上一句的关联。）依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年的大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。8 Translate the paragraphs into English.我认为，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。第二学期,英国文学及宏观经济学两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。 (if you ask me; odds; try as might; sap ones confidence; given that; bow to fate; come to a close; for fear that; now that)If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major.Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.Unit 2Active reading (2)Reading and interpreting7 Answer the questions.1 What is the first struggle that he has with books?Millers first struggle is to obtain books and get his hands on them.2 Why is it difficult to lay hands on them?The books are not in the public library because someone has already borrowed them and Miller doesnt have the money to buy them.3 What sort of books are prohibited for a young man?Books which are considered to be immoral for a young person to read.4 What is the best way to be introduced to a book?Through the passionate recommendation of someone who has read the book.5 What is an unused book lying on a shelf compared with?It is compared with wasted ammunition. This means that it is useless. It is also compared to moneybecause it should be in circulation.6 Why does Miller suggest resisting your impulses and not opening a book as soon as you get it?He says you should think intensely about the title, author, and likely contents, imagining what youwould have written yourself about it. Then you may decide you dont need to read it, or, if you do readit, you will read it with more interest and acumen.Language in useword formation: -ous1 Write the adjectives which describe:1 a writer who has achieved fame (famous)2 readers who show curiosity (curious)3 someone who feels envy (envious)4 a region which is full of mountains (mountainous)5 a parcel which has a very large volume (voluminous)infinitive / gerund as the subject of a sentence2 Complete the sentences using infinitive or gerund as the subject. Usually both forms are possible, but you should be able to justify your choice.1 Getting up early in the morning gives me more time to organize the day.(To express an everyday activity)2 To write a best-seller has always been my dream.(This is a bit more abstract or a far-away grand idea)3 Forgetting to take back a library book may not seem serious, but it causes problems for other students.(To express a normal activity for many people)4 To spend a lot of time reading in ones childhood can bring rewards later in life.(Use the more abstract form for an important idea)5 To be or not to be, that is the question.(In Shakespeare this can be interpreted as a grand idea, so he uses the formal way; if you say, Being or not being is may be more immediate and seems normal but in Hamlet the situation is not normal)such is / are 3 Rewrite the sentences using such is / are 1 Good writing is so powerful that the reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them.The reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them. Such is the power of good writing.2 The novel Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is so charming that you cant put it down even for a moment.You cant put Salmon Fishing in the Yemen down even for a moment. Such is the charm of the novel.3 Travel is such a pleasure that you may end up living in another country.You may end up living in another country. Such is the pleasure of travel.4 The sense of confusion in this film is so great that you may feel you want to leave before the end.You may feel you want to leave before the end. Such is the sense of confusion in this film.5 The difficulties of translation are so enormous that much of the meaning is lost.Much of the meaning is lost. Such is the enormity of the difficulties of translation.if / whether it be 4 Rewrite the sentences using if / whether it be 1 Is it the right time to start this kind of project? Ask yourself carefully.Ask yourself carefully whether it be the right time to start this kind of project.2 Is it the first edition of Dr Johnsons Dictionary? I very much doubt it.I very much doubt if this be the first edition of Dr Johnsons Dictionary.3 Is it common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this? Im not sure.I am not sure if it be common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this.4 Is it necessary to produce any documents when making an application? Perhaps we should inquire.Perhaps we should inquire whether it be necessary to produce any documents when making anapplication.5 Is it the right way to tackle the problem? I doubt it.I doubt if it be the right way to tackle the problem.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 confront This word usually means to deal with a difficult situation.(a) Which are the most important problems we have to confront in todays world?This could be a long list! Id say: global warming, pollution, water shortages, extreme weatherconditions, local military conflicts, poverty, famine and hunger, unemployment, to name only a few.(b) Were you confronted by anyone asking for something on your way to class today?Not today, but a few days ago I was confronted by someone asking for money which I didnt likeat all.(c) Whats the biggest crisis youve ever been confronted with?The problem that my grandfather is elderly and has Alzheimers disease: He needs constant carebecause he forgets ordinary things. It is difficult for my parents and for me because we all take turnsto look after him. I realized what this was really like when I had to look after him for a weekendwhen my parents were away, but I discovered I have a lot more patience now. So perhaps this crisishas helped us to develop some good qualities, although it is actually a very difficult time for allof us.2 idle This word usually means not being used, lazy, or without any real reason or purpose.(a) If someone is idle by nature, what dont they like doing?They dont like doing work or other things that they should do but which they dont like doing.(b) If machinery is idle, what isnt it doing?The machinery is not being used.(c) If someone picks up a book out of idle curiosity, do they have a strong motivation to read it?Not really, they just have a slight curiosity to see what the book is, but they have no real interest.(d) If someone makes you an idle threat, do you take it seriously?No, you dont because you know that the threat has no real purpose.3 tackle This word usually means to challenge someone or something, or to make an attempt to deal witha problem.(a) What are the main issues the government needs to tackle in the near future?Well. I suppose there are several issues which need to be tackled, including rising prices andemployment in some places, or some social problems in a few areas.(b) How do you tackle someone about their ideas and opinions?I am inclined to be direct and simply ask them about their opinions and ideas. I think they will tellme honestly if they believe I am really interested in what they think.(c) If you tackle someone in a game of football, what have you managed to do?You have managed to get the ball away from them so that your team can keep the ball for amoment.4 withstand This word usually means to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something,or to be able to deal with a difficult situation.(a) What sort of defences can withstand a direct attack?To withstand a direct attack you need strong defences which are well placed.(b) What sort of clothes allow you to withstand the cold in winter?To withstand the cold in winter, you need thick, warm clothes.(c) Can you withstand the pressure of having to produce regular assignments on your course?Yes, I can. Actually, our teachers generally give us our assignments at intervals and we usually knowwell in advance what we should. So as long as you get on with the work (and dont leave it until thelast minute!) the pressure is not too bad and we can manage.6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give theimpression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself who would suspect it? is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.（几处倒装句应灵活处理，以体现原文语气。every last book the man has written 等于 all the books he has written。注意这段话的逻辑关系。If he is anything, he is a man of一句中的 if 从句起强调作 用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家，而是一个行动家。此处需灵活翻译。）不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品不到50本是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，雷米德古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量“浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正能让他爱不释手、值得一读的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to