（全国用）2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 3 环境保护.doc

环境保护a(2017第二次全国大联考)it seemed that what i have feared in the past has become true eventually.in the last 19 years i have taken american students to many chinese cities.the air pollution in beijing and other big cities we visited have been simply shocking.every time when my students commented about the air quality in china and how they missed the blue skies in the us my heart hurts.in fact，i did not expect that chinese government or the chinese people would have accepted my advice in 1994 when i first raised that question，or in 1997 when i published the article in china and the world.i understood the potential harms of cars to human health because i saw and lived through it in the us.in 2006，one of the readers who read my article online commented with anger that someone actually warned about the potential problems of the uncontrolled spread of private cars，and nothing happened.for the majority of chinese people who did not have cars，and who were admiring the wonders and comfort cars bringing to life，the temptation of cars was irresistible at the time.i had a young chinese friend when i was studying in boston.he bought a car before he learned how to drive.he started to drive the first night he got the car before he had a driver license.the police caught him driving his car around 2：00 in the morning in the neighborhood.the police decided to let him go because he told the police that he came from china，and that it had been his dream to own and drive a car.now he had a car，and he simply could not sleep anymore.he was too eager to drive his car.now the chinese government and chinese people see with their own eyes what harms the uncontrolled ownership of car can do to their cities and their health.i hope that the chinese people and chinese government would be able to take some drastic measures to deal with this air pollution problems which threaten their own health now.语篇解读本文作者讲到了中国现在极差的空气质量正是他之前所预料的，委婉地指出了过去中国政府对大气污染不够重视，政策和措施不到位。面对当前的雾霾天气，作者希望中国政府和人民采取严厉措施来处理大气污染问题。1where does the author probably come from?achina. bamerica.cnot mentioned. dim not sure.答案b解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“i understood the potential harms of cars to human health because i saw and lived through it in the us.”可知作者是美国人。故选b。2the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph means .ahe drove his car carelesslybhe didnt like driving his carche wanted to drive his car at oncedhe was so eager that he couldnt drive his car答案c解析句意理解题。根据画线句前面的“.that it had been his dream to own and drive a car.now he had a car，and he simply could not sleep anymore.”可知，他非常渴望开车。从语法角度考虑“too eager to do”表示肯定意义。故选c。3from the passage we can infer .athe chinese friend began to drive his car without a driver licensebthe author predicted the potential harms of cars to human health at 19cthe chinese friend began to drive his car as soon as he got a driver licensedin the past the chinese government took many measures to prevent air pollution答案a解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知d项错误；根据第二段的内容可知作者在90年代就预测到雾霾对中国人的健康有危害，而不是19岁时，所以b项错误；根据第四段中的句子“he bought a car before he learned how to drive.he started to drive the first night he got the car before he had a driver license.”可知c项与文章矛盾，a项正确。故选a。4which of the following is not true according to the passage?athe authors concern was necessary.bair pollution problems need to be solved.csome reader once blamed the authors article.dthe air quality of china is more than satisfying.答案d解析细节理解题。纵观全文，都是围绕着中国的空气质量差进行叙述，故d项与文章意思矛盾。故选d。b(2017山西重点中学协作体模拟)sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.however，whether you are on the mountains，in the waves，or on the grassland，you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.some sports are resource-hungry.golf，as you may know，eats up not only large areas of countryside，but also tons of water.besides，all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition.this causes major environmental effects.for example，in the dry regions of portugal and spain，golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.there are many environment-friendly sports.power walking is one of them that you could take up today.you dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes；and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse.simple and free，power walking can also keep you fit.if you walk regularly，it will be good for your heart and bones.experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious，sleep well and have better weight control.whatever sport you take up，you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.but the final goal should be “green gyms”they are better replacements(代替物) for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers.members of green gyms play sports outdoors，in the countryside or other open spaces.there is no special requirement for you to start your membership.and best of all，its free.语篇解读文章简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动，如高尔夫；也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动，如power walking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。5which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?aplaying basketball in a gym.bmotor racing in the desert.ccycling around a lake.dswimming in a sports center.答案c解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“whatever sport you take up，you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.but the final goal should be green gyms”可知作者主张绿色运动。c属于绿色运动，故为正确答案。6what do we know about golf from the passage?ait is popular in portugal and spain.bit needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.cit pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.dit causes water shortages around the world.答案b解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后三句“besides，all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition.this causes major environmental effects.for example，in the dry regions of portugal and spain，golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.”可知选b。7the author uses power walking as an example mainly because .ait uses fewer resourcesbit improves our healthcit is an outdoor sportdit is recommended by experts答案a解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段前三句“there are many environment-friendly sports.power walking is one of them that you could take up today.you dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes；and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse.”可知这是一项耗费资源很少的运动。故选a。8the author writes the passage to .ashow us the function of major sportsbencourage us to go in for green sportscdiscuss the major influence of popular sportsdintroduce different types of environment-friendly sports答案b解析写作目的题。文章中简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动，如高尔夫；也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动，如power walking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。故选b。c(2017福建漳州八校联考)think about what you had for lunch: was it a hamburger？a chicken sandwich？barbecue？what about vegetables？would it surprise you to learn that what you eat can affect the whole planet?it canin a big way.new studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate.youve probably heard of global warming.the temperature is on the rise because humankind has been releasing(排放) amounts of gases into the atmosphere.one of these greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) what does this have to do with food？a big part of the carbon dioxide that we put in the atmosphere every year comes from the process of making and eating food.the production of meat contributes a lot of that carbon dioxide.and much of meats contribution comes from beef，which is responsible for releasing even more warming gases into the atmosphere.the process of making a hamburger，for example，requires a lot of energy.a cow has to be fed and raised on farmland，and cow waste is a major source of methane (沼气)an especially powerful greenhouse gas.the cow has to be killed.the meat has to be processed and shipped to a shop，which takes fuel.most of the cow wont even be used for meat that people eat.by the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate，it has made a heavy effect on the environment.we can reduce the production of global-warming gases by eating less beef.other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environmentat least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released.all kinds of meat are harder on the planet than vegetables.to grow and eat a pound of potatoes，for example，sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air.so changing our diet to less meat and more vegetables，as it turns out，may do the world some good.语篇解读文章介绍了人们的饮食会引起温室效应，特别是肉类加工会排放温室气体，作者建议人们改变对环境不利的饮食方式。9the questions asked in the first paragraph are used to .ashow the authors concern about food safetybexpress the authors puzzlement at what to eatcintroduce the topic to be discussed in the passagedremind readers of something delicious to eat答案c解析推理判断题。文章第一段提出一系列关于我们饮食的问题，由第二段前两句“it canin a big way.new studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate.”可知，这些问题是为了引出话题。故选c。10what is the bad news for meat-eaters?amost cows are raised not for people to eat.bmeat producing contributes to global warming.cthere is a lot of carbon dioxide in the meat we eat.danimals begin to die off because of global warming.答案b解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三、四句“the production of meat contributes a lot of that carbon dioxide.and much of meats contribution comes from beef，which is responsible for releasing even more warming gases into the atmosphere.”可知，对于食肉的人来说坏消息是肉类生产会导致全球气温变暖。故选b。11which is the most environment-friendly food according to the passage?acarrot. bbeef.cpork. dchicken.答案a解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，蔬菜比肉类制造的二氧化碳要少，所以蔬菜更环保。故选a。d(2017湖南浏阳一中期中)the name sounds funny but the idea is no joke: its a personal toilet called the peepoo.anders wilhelmson，a swedish architect，is the inventor of the peepoo.he became interested in the idea of sanitation after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities.one of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets.he wanted to do something to help.so working with others，he started the project in 2005，and the next year started a company called peepoople.the toilet is a single-use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics.the inside is treated with urea(尿素)，a chemical commonly used as fertilizer.the hotter the weather，the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants.the sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks.you can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like.the company expects to start selling the bags in august in kenya and bangladesh，but it is just beginning production and sales in nairobi now.full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the peepoo in countries like vietnam，bangladesh，etc.the united nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation.many have no choice but to use the outdoors，which is not only bad for the environment，but also harmful to peoples health.each year，poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.jack smith，the founder of the world toilet organization，says，“this is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modern world，and strangely，many of them own televisions，phones but have no toilets.”语篇解读文章介绍了环保厕所peepoo，它解决了发展中国家缺乏厕所的问题，并且可以被用来种植植物，可谓一举两得。12what was the original purpose of anders wilhelmson in starting the company?ato protect the local environment.bto earn a lot of money from the project.cto do research on the social development.dto help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries.答案d解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“one of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets.he wanted to do something to help.”可知选d。13what can be learned about the peepoo from the passage?ait can be used over again.bits sanitation process doesnt last long.cit works better in summer than in winter.dit should be buried in a pot after being used.答案c解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“the hotter the weather，the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants.”可知选c。14the fifth paragraph is written mainly to tell us that .apoor sanitation may cause many problems bmany people dont care for the environment cmany people get ill from using the outdoors dquite a number of people die from poor sanitation答案a解析段落大意题。该段主要说明了卫生系统不好会产生的恶劣影响。故选a。15the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph probably refers to “ ”athe outdoors being damagedbmany places being short of toilets cmany people having tvs and phones dmany people getting an infect