专题十：名词性从句.doc

专题十: 名词从句I. Recognization (types of noun clauses)1. Object clause（宾语从句）: 在复合句中作及物动词或某些介词的宾语。1). sub.+vt./vi.+conj.+sentence.Eg. a. I believe that his brother is more honest than he.b. Please tell me which book you want to read.c. I dont care whether it will rain or not.d. He asked me how I managed to pass the college entrance examination.2). sub.+be+adj.（sure, afraid,happy）+conj.+sentence.Eg. a. The mother was pleased that her daughter did better in maths quiz this time.b. We are fully confident that we can smooth away these difficulties.c. We were surprised you should say such things. 3). Sub.+vt. +it +adj./n.+conj.+sentence.Eg. a. I find it strange that he should have said that.b. I feel it a pity that she cant come here today.2. Subject clause:(主语从句): 在复合句中起主语作用。所有引导宾语从句的代词和副词都可以引导主语从句（if除外）1). sub.(conj.+v./be) + v./be+ /. 由连接词引导eg. a. Whether he will come or not is still unknown.b.That were invited to the lecture this evening is good news to us. 由连接代词引导 eg. a. What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. b. Whoever is here gets a prize. 由连接副词引导 eg. a. How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to us all. b. When he will leave for America is not yet decided. c. Where he has been is still a puzzle. d. Why he failed the chemistry exam wasnt clear.2). It +v./be +conj. +sentence. eg. a. Its known to us (that) he didnt tell the truth.b. It is still a mystery how he will solve the complicated accident.c. It is doubtful whether she has passed the entrance exam.3. Predicative Clause（表语从句）: 在复合句中作主句的表语，和主语指同一内容 ，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句的关联词与主语从句基本相同。1). sub.+be/linkv.+conj.+sentence.e.g. a. He looks as if he isnt going to work this morning. b.The question is who can complete the hard task.c. The trouble is (that) he has never done this kind of work before.d. Raw material is what we are badly in need of.e. Believe it or not, that is where Mr. Lu Xun used to live.f. English is a useful tool and thats why we should learn it well.4. Appositive clause (同位语从句): 一般跟在某些表示抽象的名词(fact, idea, news, plan, suggestion, belief,order,fear,desire, proposal,question, problem,rumor)之后,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容. sub+v.+n.+conj.+sentence.1). that: 无语法功能,也无词意,只是引导词,但不可省略Eg. a. The fact that you havent enough time to memorize vocabulary is simply unbelievable.b. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.c. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.2). whether:无语法功能,但有词意“是否”.Eg. a. The question whether we need more time to do the experiment has not been discussed.b. The problem whether we should continue to do the job has not yet been decided.3). When/where/how: 有语法功能,也有词意,在句中作状语Eg. a. He asked the question whether this material can stand high temperature.b. Have you get the news when the film Titanic will be on show again?c. News/word/Information came /arrived that our football team had won the match.II. The defference between attributive clause and appositive clause:Eg. a. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.b. The news that we were all worried about was true.(attributive clause)III. How to choose conjunctions.1. 只能用whether的情况:1). 位于句首2). 位于介词之后3). 其后紧跟or not4). 后跟动词不定式5). 引导表语从句、同位语从句6). 用于动词discuss之后eg. a. The news whether hell come hasnt arrived.b. The question is whether hell come today.c. We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.d. Whether we can finish the job in time depends on whether we will all work hard.e. We havent decided whether to go sight-seeing this National Day.2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,除非连接代词在从句中作主语或主语的定语。eg. a. Whoever will go is not important.b. You have no idea how worried I was.3.主语从句、宾语从句如果太长，句子常显得笨重，因此，可把它们移到句子后面，前面用it作形式主语或宾语。eg. a. It hasnt been decided when they will go there.b. You may answer for it that the material is of high quality.c. I have made it clear that all of you should hand in your papers on May 1st. 4. 同位语从句通常在fact, news, idea, order, promise, belief等名词之后。eg. a. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.b. We expressed the hope that we would come and visit China again. 5. 引导宾语从句的that可省略,但是及物动词后有两个宾语从句时,可省略第一个that, 第二个不省略, 有形式宾语时,连接真正宾语的that不能省略.eg. They made it a rule that they got up at six every day.6. the reason作主语时, 其后的表语从句由that引导, 而不用because引导。eg. a. The reason why he didnt come is that he was ill.b. The reason (that/which) he offered is that he was ill.7. 动词wonder后可以接if或whether从句; 动词doubt的肯定句接if或whether从句,但否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句。eg. a. I wonder whether he did it (or not).b. I dont doubt that you are honest.c. I doubt if that was what he wanted.8. whoever, whatever, whichever相当于anyone who 或anything that等,它们所指的对象是不确定的,但有强调作用。eg. a. You can ask whoever is on duty there tonight.b. Whatever is to be done must be done well.c. Whatever(= No matter what) happened, I must be calm and quiet.d. Whichever(=No matter which) side wins, I shall be satisfied.9. that 与what 区别eg. a. China is no longer what it was in the past.b. What has made China what it is now?c. One day, they came to what we call “HongKong” now.d. Our school is not the one that it used to be.e. Water to fish is what air is to man.Exercises for noun clause1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where2. Little Tommy was unwilling to tell the schoolmaster he had done the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what3. It is generally considered unwise to a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever4. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever5. These wild flowers are so special I would do I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever6. she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that7. Larry is often absent from school, isnt he? Yes. Thats he is in bad health. A. why B. because C. how D. the reason8. I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably I was seeing the doctor. A. when B. why C. what D. that9. I still dont think is very nice of her to talk about others. A. that B. the fact that C. which D. it 10. he is always studying hard is well known us all. A. What; to B. How; by C. That; to D. Whether; by11.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a very beautiful bike. A. that B. if C. that if D. whether12. It was at the very beginning Mr. Fox made the decision we should send more fire-fighters there. A. when; which B. that; that C. where; what D. then; so13. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what14. had eyes can see great achievements we have made since 1990. A. Whoever; what B. Who; what C. Whoever; how D. Who; how15. I believe youre done your best and things will improve. A. that; X B. X; that C. that; which D. if ; that16. We had to decide sewing machine we should use, hers or mine. A. whose B. what C. where D. when17.-What did your parents think about your decision? -They always let me do _ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what18. The girl asked if it was after he married Mary Mr. Green joined the army. A. when B. that C. which D. where19. -Could you do me a favor? -It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever20.Its not wise for a student to follow_his teachers say. -Its true. I cant agree_. A. whatever; more B. no matter what; moreC. whatever; much D. no matter what; much21. The coffee _ we had the other day deferred from _ we had yesterday. A. what; that B. that; what C. that ; when D. when; that22. We were delighted at the news_ our team had won the football match. A. which B. because C. that D. when23. _we go jogging every morning is one reason_ we are so healthy. A. That; that B. That; which C. Why; that D. That; why24. Do you have any idea_ is actually going in the classroom? A. that B. what C. as D. which25. _makes this shop different is _ it offers more personal services. A. What; that B. That; what C. What; how D. How; that26. There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injure in time for the race. A. that B. how C. when D. if27. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. where C. what D. that28. Doriss success lies in the fact _she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A. which B. that C. when D. why29. _ surprised me most was _ such a little girl could play the piano so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; why D. What; what30. It is reported _ women _have over two cups of coffee have much more chance of heart attacks than those who dont. A. that; who; that B. that; who; who C. when; that; who D. when; who; who KEYS:1-10ADBDA /ABADC 11-20CBBAB/ADBCA21-30BCDBA/ACBBB1. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that1. The poor young man is ready to accept_ help he can get.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever2. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when_ and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come3. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires4. Mum is coming. What present _for your birthday?A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _silly mistakes I had made.A. what B. that C. how D. which6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which7. Danby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon.A. who B. that C. as D. which8. Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom.A. that B. what C. as D. which9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _he thought was not enough.A. where B. how C. what D. which10. The way he did it was different t_ we were used to.A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which11. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _it was 20 years ago, _it was so poorly equipped.A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how13. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how14. A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that15. The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is16. A modern city has been set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where17. I think Father would like to know _Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how18. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.A. it what to so with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it20.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when21. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what22. Why! I have nothing to confess ._you want me to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that23. We cannot figure out _quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when25. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom25. Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrens future.A. that B. how C. such D. soKeys: 1-20ACACC/ADBBC/CCBBD/DACCC 21-25 BACBBExercises for Noun Clauses1. _leaves the room last should turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who2. They want to know_do to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they3. It worried her a bit_her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for4. _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. All finished, we sat down to enjoy_we thought the most delicious dinner.A. that B. which C. what D. it6. Mr Mike didnt understand_ made his wife so upset this morning.A. what was that B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that7. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. whatever8. He made_he wouldnt change his mind.A. that quite clear B. it quite clear that C. quite clear D. how clear that9. Father said that the sun_in the east and _in the west.A. rose, set B.rises, sets C. raises, sets D. raised, set10. It was not until dark_he found_he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that, what B. that, that C. when, what D. when, that11. The question came up at the meeting_we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whether12. Scientists believe natiove Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and_ more than 10,000 years ago.A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska13. Many workers were organized to clear away_remained of the World Trade Centre.A. those B. that C. what D. where14. Mr Mike didnt understand_made his wife so upset this morning.A. what was it B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that15. How do the birds know exactly_direction_?A. which, flying B. which, to fly to C. in which, to fly D. /, flying to16. The reason_he didnt come was_he had tjo take care of his sick mother.A. Why, that B. why, which C. which, why D. that, for17. Is this factory_the false wine was made? -Yes. And also the one_used to sell forged cigarettes. A. the one, where B. that, that C. what, which D. where, that18. _she couldnt understand was_fewer and fewer students showed interest in