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灯罩塑料注塑模具设计【26张CAD图纸+WORD毕业论文】【斜顶抽芯结构】

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灯罩塑料模具设计
摘要
本设计分析了灯罩的结构,提出了模具设计的关键点,设计了模具的整体结构。根据塑件分型面的位置,设计了推件板和斜顶杆的推出结构,零件采用了双分型面的点浇口,提高了零件的外面质量。通过对塑件进行工艺的分析及其结构分析,从产品结构工艺性,具体模具结构出发,对模具的浇注系统、模具成型部分的结构、顶出系统、注射机的选择及有关参数的校核都有详细的设计。该模具一模四腔,采用顶针顶出结构。经过生产验证,该模具结构合理,动作可靠。

关键词:灯罩;塑料模具;注射机



The Plastic Mold Design of Lampe Shade

Abstract
This design on the analysis of the structure of lamp shade,and puts forward the mold design key points,designed the overall structure of the mold. According to the plastic pieces of parting surface,designed the push plate and the inclined plunger, the introduction of the structure,part uses the double parting surface point gate, improve the quality of the parts outside of the. Through to the plastic parts for process analysis and structure analysis,from the product structure craft,specific die structure, the mold of gating system,molding part of the structure,the ejection system, selection of injection machine and related parameters of checking all have detailed design. The mold one module and four cavities,adopts the thimble ejection structure. Through production verification,the die structure is reasonable,reliable operation.

Keyword:Lampe shade;Plastic mold;Injection machine


主要符号表
k 安全系数 E 材料弹性模量
Smax 塑料的最大收缩率 q 熔融塑料在模腔内的压力
Smin 塑料的最小收缩率 V塑 塑件体积
P0 注射压力 V注 注射机理论注射量
P公 公称注射压力 F锁 锁模力
Δs 塑件公差 δs 塑件收缩引起的塑件尺寸误差
T 注射机的额定锁模力 LS 塑件尺寸
L凹 型腔尺寸 L凸 型芯尺寸
H塑 塑件內形深度基本尺寸 S 注射机最大行程
d 塑件外径基本尺寸 H  模具闭合尺寸
D 塑件內形基本尺寸 Hmin 模具最小尺寸
h 凸模/型芯高度尺寸 Hmax 模具最大尺寸
δ 模具制造公差 α 倾斜角
A 塑件包紧型芯的侧面积 p 单位面积塑件对型芯的正力
F 塑件的投影面积 n 个数
P 型腔压力 f 摩擦系数
φ 长度系数 Q 总脱模力

目录
1  绪论 1
1.1塑料模具概况 1
1.2 国内外发展状况 1
1.2.1 国内发展状况 1
1.2.2 国外发展状况 2
1.2.3中国与国外先进技术的差距 2
1.3塑料模具发展走势 2
2  塑件成型工艺的可行性分析 3
2.1功能设计 3
2.2塑件分析 3
2.3材料的选择 3
2.3成型工艺分析 5
3  注塑机的选择 6
3.1估算塑件体积 6
3.2浇注系统凝料体积的初步估算 6
3.3根据注射容量初选注塑机 6
3.6注塑机的校核 7
3.6.1最大注射量校核 7
3.6.2注射压力校核 7
3.6.2锁模力校核 7
3.6.3模具厚度校核 7
3.6.4开模行程校核 8
4  浇注系统设计 9
4.1主流道设计 9
4.2冷料井设计 9
4.3分流道设计 10
4.3.1分流道的布置形式 10
4.3.2分流道长度 10
4.3.3分流道截面形状 10
4.3.4分流道的截面尺寸 10
4.4浇口设计 10
5  成型零件设计 12
5.1分型面的设计 12
5.1.1分型面的分类及选择原则 12
5.1.2分型面的确定 12
5.2型腔分布 12
5.3成型零件结构设计 12
5.3.1成型零件具备的性能 12
5.3.2凹模结构设计 13
5.3.3凸模的结构设计 13
5.3.4影响塑件尺寸和精度的因素 13
5.3.5模具成型零件的工作尺寸计算 14
6  导向机构设计 18
6.1 导向机构的作用和设计原则 18
6.1.1 导向机构的作用 18
6.1.2 导向机构的设计原则 18
6.2导柱、导套设计 18
6.2.1导柱的设计 18
6.2.2导套设计 19
7  脱模机构的设计 20
7.1脱模机构的设计原则 20
7.2 顶出机构的确定 20
7.2脱模力的计算 21
7.3简单脱模机构 21
7.3.1顶杆脱模机构的设计要点 21
7.3.2顶杆的形状 22
7.3.3顶杆强度的计算 22
7.4复位装置 23
8  抽芯机构设计 24
8.1 抽芯机构的概述 24
8.2抽芯机构的设计 24
9  温度调节系统设计 25
9.1温度调节系统的作用 25
9.1.1温度调节系统的要求 25
9.1.2温度调节系统对塑件质量的影响 25
9.2冷却系统的机构 25
10  排气系统设计 26
11  塑料模具用钢 27
11.1注塑模材料应具备的要求 27
11.2模具材料选用的一般原则 27
11.3本模具所选钢材及热处理 27
12  模具装配图及工作过程 28
12.1模具装配二维图 28
12.2模具开模状态 29
12.3模具装配图三维爆炸图 30
12.4模具工作过程 31
13  模具可行性和环保分析 32
13.1本模具的特点 32
13.2市场效益及经济效益分析 32
13.3环保分析 32
14  总结 33
致谢 34
参考文献 35
毕业设计(论文)知识产权声明 36
毕业设计(论文)独创性声明 37




1绪论
1.1塑料模具概况
模具是制造业的一种基本装备,作用是控制和限制材料的流动,形成所需要的形体[7]。模具制造零件效率高,质量好,材料消耗低,生产成本低,广泛应用在制造业中。模具工业是高新技术产业的一部分,也是高新技术产业化的重要领域。模具在机械电子,汽车,纺织,航空航天等领域里,成为使用最广泛的主要装备,它承担了这些领域中 60%~90%的产品。
塑料模具是大批量生产塑料制品的现代化专用成型工艺装备的总称[8]。塑料是继陶瓷和金属后的第三大材料,广泛应用于现代工业和日常生活中。
塑料成型就是将各种形态的塑料原料制成所需的制品或胚件的过程。
塑料注塑成型过程是将塑料原料从注塑机的料斗进入加热筒,经塑化后由柱塞或螺杆的推动,在一定压力下通过喷嘴进入模具型腔,经冷却固化后而开模获得制品。
塑模传统的设计方法,是依靠设计经验﹑技巧和现有数据,从对塑件的计算到塑模的设计制图,全靠手工。对塑模的制造更需要专业人士付出大量繁杂劳动。所以塑件的质量和数量都远不能满足生产发展的需要。随着计算机广泛应用,塑模设计和制造采用了CAD/CAM系统,大大提高了模具设计制造的效率。


内容简介:
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tionofthemainsh叩ef eat Ur ealsoPlay sale adjngr ole主ne a s ese ar ching,I刀山jsrega rd,t hest r Uet U reofe a s elibrar ysho ul dbeo rga niz edae eordingtot hesha Pef ea t ureof Pa r t,a ndthehierarehie alf eat uret reeofmol dedPa r tshoul dbee o n st r ueted,by whiehthepar te as eseanbeelassif iedst ored.C lassif yingtheshaPef eat Ure sof Pa r tsbyt heirdif f er e nteha ra eters,thee om mo nf aetorsofPar tmodelea nbeext raeteda sthePa re ntn ode.Theehil dn odeea ninher itallofat t r ibute s加mthePa rentn ode,andeont ainmor ef eat ur estl ia nt hePar entone.Asf a rasa sing lee ase15e o n e er ned,alo ngwit hthein he ritedrela tiongoingthr oug hla yerbylayer ,t hen um beroff ea姗ea t tribu te swillin er e aseT hef eat ureat trlbutesa rem oreaPt tode seribingeo n eretelya ndbyin st ane e,a ndt hee om Plexdegr eeoftheirrelation s15als oin ereased.Thisela ssif ied叩Proaehe a nhelPtosea rehtheea selibr田了 indexed byshaPef ea加re sa ndtosolvet hemodedP洲withe omPlexs ha Pe.33.1CASE D E SC R IPT IONS ANDSEA R CHINGCa sedes er iPt ion s2BUI L D I NGOF KN OWL ED GELI B R A R Y A NDCAS E LIB R A RYThek nowledgelibra r y15t heil n Por ta n tr es o u rcet ha tea nassistdesig ne rtoseleetra tio n alPar tin gsu rf aeePo sit io n.Theor ganizatio nandde ser i Ptio nof如owle dgeint helibrar yshoul d f itf orthePr aetie alm ol dde sig nPr oe e ssandea nbee asil y que r ie da nde o n sultedbyde sig ner s.The ref ore,t hee ommonu sedk nowledgea ndPr ineiPle sinPar tingsu rf acede signa ndthede sig ue r ssuee e s sf ule xPe r ie ne eswe reeo加lu deda ndin teg rated.SomePiee e sofde sig nr ule sk nowled ge,whiehf or mthek nowled gelibrar yof Pa r tingsu rf ae ede sig n,we r ee st abl ishe dandwereidentif iedbysim Plese nten ee s.A l lof t hedesig nr ule sinlibra r ywe r ede ser i beda ndexPr essedindetailbyf igurea nd let ter.Andtheelu e15als ogive nin“r eeo l刀n1 ended ,a nd“no tre commended,waysint hef igureeom Po nen tofde sig nr ules,whiehe anhel Pthede sig n明maket her at ionals ele c七jo nb ase do nPar tieularde sig nea se.Fig,2showst hePa r tingsurf aeePositionde se riPtio ngivenbythesystemaf te r ehoo si ngon eofthede signr ule sT heea sedese ri Ption15thef ounda tiontoPer f o r mak no wledgebasedr ea so ning,whieht umst odes er ibea ne xistedsu cees sf u ldesig ne a sea st hed a tainf or matio nt ha teanbeiden t if ieda ndProc esse dbyeomP uteThee onte nta ndt hed eser iP tivewa ysha verelat ionwit ht hequ al it ya ndef f ieie neyofsolving51而Ia r que stion s.T heea sed eser i Pt io nma ybeex Pr es sedint hef ol lowing mode,e as eof t hemol dedPar t=t hei nde xinf or ma t io n+Po sitioninf on刀a t ionofPa r tin gsu r f ae e,wheret h eind exinf or matio n15thesha Pef eat ureof t hePa r t.Na mel yt hesha Pef eat oreofPa r tasa nindexea ns ea r chthesim ila re a s ewit h t hem ai nshaPef eat ur e,a ndt heresPe etivePa r tingsurf ae ePo sition15als og iv enint hisease.Thu st heea sesinPa r tingsurf aeePositione as elibrar ya r es omet y Pie al Pa r ts ha Pea ndt heeor r esPo ndingPa r ti ngsurf aeePo sitiono nt hePa r tm odel.Th enu meriealdes eriP tion15ea se( F 3匀=e ase(伪,乃,劫,(sJ,勺,)whereF二伪,乃,二,人),关15t heehil dshaPef eat ureint hein jeetionm old inge a se,i=1,2,n,n15t henumbe r ofehildf eatu resi nt hee a s e,S=(s一,5 2,s。),s j15t hesolvingsc heme,i.e.t hePar tingsu rf aeePo sitio n.j=1,2,m,阴15t hen um berofa va i la blePa r tingsur i触e eposit ionofo n ee a sem odelAh ie ra rc hieale a selibr卿,whieh 15show ninFig 3,ea nbef or meda ee ordingt ot henum be r ofthesha Pef ea t ur esine a s es.Andt hene xta ye reonta ln so nemo resha Pef eat Uret hanthef on朴ero n e.ItdeveloPst hesha Peinf or ma t io nofea semodelont heba sisof inher itingt hef or me rla ye r5sha Pef eat ur es.Fig4showst heor ga nizingsehemeofe om Plexe a se s.Theseheme15e o n sisten iwiththemodel Proee ssof mol dedPa r t,thusit15c o n venien ttoPer f or minge asesea rehingindexedbythesh叩ef eat i jre .3.2H ie r ar chicalse a r ehingba sedo nthePr odu etruleCas ese毗hing15a nim Por t ante om Po n e ntinr easo ningmeeha nism.Thee ss en iialofsea rehing 15theProe e ss ofse ar chinga ndm at ohing.50t heProe ess ofe o n st r ue亡inginf eren eemeeha n-CHI N ESEJOURNALOFMECHANICA L ENG I NEERI NG.611.ism15als ot heProc ess ofe onst Iuetingt he s ea r chingst ra t egie sa ndma t chi ngt h es i而l如tie s.T hes t ra t egie sha veag t ea tef f eeto nt h er easo ningef f icie neya ndt heresult.ThePu J甲oseoft hesear c hingoft hePar tingsu rf acePosi t ionca seistosea r cht heca sew hic hhasthesimila rm a insha pef eat urewitht hePlastiem odel.Thu st hem et hod15Pr oPo s edo nt heba sisofPr odu etr ulea ee or dingtot heo吧a njzationalst r Uet Ure ofeasel ibrar y,Theh iera rchie als ea rehingmea nst hatt hec a selibrar y15sea r ched intu川f romt hehea dla ye rt ot heen di nt h es ea r eh ingPr oe edu re,butwh iehembran chmen twoul d bef ollowe dsho ul d bejudg edf r omt heProdu etr ule.Fig.3s廿习c奴i re oft hePar tinogrga nlz ation s廿习c奴i rsu rf aeePosit ionea seibrar y助助m PI贻atedc a义s s sFig.4o r ga niz atio n st r uctu reoft h eeom Pl ic a te dea seFi g.5showsatyPeofladde rl派m ol dedPa r tswit ht heladderholef eat Ure,wh iehea nbeobt a in ed妙Pe rf or mingBoolea nsu b加etionbet we ent woladde r shaf t f eat ti r es,a ndaf i ll以edeorn e ra st heas sista ntf eat ti re.T he r ea s o nin gsea r eh in gPr oeessis,份stlyPe rf o蒯ngt he五rstjudg l nent,iff eat u re115t heladde r shaf t,t he nt heea se1wit hlad de rshaf t15obt ain ed:t henPer i七n nlngthese e o ndjudg r ne nt,i ft hef eat Ure2wit hlad de rshaf tPe rf or insBo olea nsu bt r aet ionw i t he as eZ,a nd t hePosit ionofitseen te rl ine15a tt h esa rneloe硕o nwit ht hef onnero n es,t he nt hela dd e rs haf tea sewit h la dde rholef eat ti re15obt ained.App lyingt h isre a so山ngme t hodea naeaui rehi比ef f ieie nev .De ca uses ea rcningalongo neembran e力mentne edn ott rave rs eal lofea sei ntheli bra J下.lft her eas o ni ngr ule sa nde as e sa remat ure,t hesimi la rea sewitht hesha Pef eat u reoft hemoldedPa r tea nbeq u lek lyobtain ed byaPpl yinghie ra r eh iealsea rehingme t hod ba sedonthePr odu etr ule.Fur thenno re,du ringt h ePr oc ess ofea s e一a sedPa r tingsur i兔e ea utomatiede sig n,t hee a semodeln eedn otr esemblet hePa r tmodelentirel y.I to n l yne edst ha tt heirmainsha Pef eat ure sa r esimila ra ndthepa r tings u rf ae ePosirio n sr e la tivetooneof朋ns ha Pef eature sof t het womod elsa r es俪Ia r .T he51而l丽t y s olutio nm odelofPa r ti ngsu rf ae ea utoma tiege n er a ting15Pr oPosed he re.4SIMIL A RIT YSOL UTIONMODELOFPARTINGSURFA C EThePa r tings ur f ae eofaea seha st he sPe eialPosi t ionrela tionr ela t iv et oaeer tai nf ean理e,Andt he ser ela tion sr e Pr ese ntalwa yso nac er t ainsu rf ae e,aeer ta inseet io no rPa ssingth roughae er t ainPoin tofthef eat t甘ee te.T七esePositio nrel a tio n sea nbeexPresseda saZDve ctof ,t ha tisP=叉伽,n)whe re尹L -一SPeeialPo sit ionr ela tio n无一一一V eet or sym bol尸-一Poin ioft hef ea奴甘ewh jeh t heP日r ti ngstlrf ae ePa sse s月Nor malve eto rofPa r tin gsur i触e eI not herwords,t hePa r tingsur i触eeis r印re se n tedbyanor r nalveet or月a ndas Pe eialPointPofthef eat ure.Fore ac hPa r tings山悉沈eofaea sem od el,veet orX15uneba ngea ble.Asf a ra saboa r dl i kePa r tca sem odel15 eo ne eme d,if t hePar tingsurf aee15de ter n nnedont hetoPf aee,t he nPoi n tP15t he ee n terPointoft his加c e,a nd碑15t heno nna lveeto r .Fir stl y ,f i ndt hePo sitio nr elationPoft hePa r ti ngsu rf ae er ela t ivetot he e asemodel,a ndt he ns ubs t it ut et hePo sit io nrela tio nintot hePa r tmodeltodeten mneit sPar tlngsu rf a cePo sition.T hesolvingpro e es s ca nbe ex Pr ess edbyt hef ollowi ngex Pre ssi onI(凡(p)厂)c =几的(凡(p)关)CP mwheres PPa r ti ngsu rf ae eC而一一一Ca sem od el凡Pa r tm odel关,石Fe at Ureloca tedinC ma ndP mr es Pec t ivel yThelenit emreP r es entst hePa r tieula rPo sitio nofPa r tingsu rf aeerela t ivetoacer tainf eat ureint heea semod el,whilet her ig hto n erePr es entst h isrelatio nint hePa r tmodel.Usi ngtheir51而la r it yweea ndete n刀Inet hePa I tings u rf a ceofPa r tmodel.Ac cordingt ot hecot rL Pl e 对t yo ft h es加饥止eo ft h em ol dedP队t s,t h epa r ti ngs切f叹ede s ig nl r 姗yi ncf ud ese ver ala s Pe Ctsa sf o Uo ws .(l)TbePa r ti ng浏r f ac e15Pla ne.Fo rt ho sePa r tsw hosem ainf ea权叮ef a ce15Pla ne,o neea nf ind d仕e etl y p oi ntPa ndve et o r月.Su bs t it ut ing t hemi n t ot hev eet o re xP r essio nX( P,n),t h ePar tingsu r几cePosi t ionoft hePa r tmoldea nbede tem uned.Fort h ePa r tsho场”inFig.6,t hetoPf a ce15seleet eda st hePa r ti ngsu到触eea ce o rd ingt ot heea sesint he11br卿.Thu sPoin tP15t het oPf aeeeent e rPointoft hecubiea lPa r tmodel,w hi len15t henor malve et o r。f面5su r 伪ee,a ndthese七刃0valu esca nbef ou nd 丘omt hef ea t u re山扭,50t hep osit ionofPa r tlngsu r f ae e ca nbe 50vedeo n ve nie nt iy .(2)LadderPa r tings u讨血e e.T hela dde rPa r tingf aeef eat ure15com l nonl yu s edinsomemoldedPar tsFo rt hePa r tshow njnFig.7,.6 12.孔Tong m in,e ta l :De s i,t e Chn ol o盯f o ti n jectio nm ol dpa r ti n gsu rf acoba se do nca s es a nd如owle dg eo nen e edf i招tly f ind t heve ctorsx l,戈,戈ofe aeh ladd e r f aee ,thentheladderPa r tings u rf a Ceea nbeO bt ai ned byPer f or江ungBo ole anu nio noPer ationwi t ht hePa r tingsurf ae e seo nt rol led妙thes eveet o咫su r f aee.I nt h eProc e ssoft hePa r tingsurf ae es ele cting,t hek nowledgelibra r y,t heease sl i br田下,a ndt hef o即a r d一reaso ni ngm et hoda r eused.T hesim ila r it ysolu t io nm et hoda ndBoolea n画t oo peratlo na m皿9t hec hi ldpa r ti ngs l汀f ace sa r eu se dt oge ner atet hef i nalPa Z t1ngsu浦如e.Fig.1015t h eZDi lf ust ra tio nofPar ti n gsu r几比e oft hisPa r tm odel.3)ThePa r tingsurf ae oisc切r vedf a ce.T he501v lngP ro ees s15e omPliea tedwhe nthePa r tingf aee15eu r ved f ae e.Taket hePa r tshowninFig.8asa nexam Ple,theke yf ea奴甘ePa ra me te rs,su chasther a diu sa r c,theP Ositio nofee nte rlinea nd itsdist r ib utio n,sho-uldbef ou nda ee ordingtot hes ha Peoft heeu r vedf a ce.T hent hesolvingm odelea nbee o nst l” cted.Af te rs ubstit U t ingt hesePa ra幻。-ete rsintothes olvingmodel,thePa r tingI i ne ea nbege nerated,a ndt hent hePa r t ingsur f aeea lsoe即beObt aine d.Ift hePa r tin gsu rf ace15f r ee一化曲surf ace,t hesol vi ng me delw il lbemorecom Pl iea te d(4)Mol dedPar tswit he omPl ie at eds姗仪甘e.T hem or ee omPl ieat ed Pa r tmodel15t heo n et ha tit ssi m ila rea sed oe sn otexistinthee a seli bra r yof Pa r tingsu rf aeePositio n,a ndt heea sem odelr esultedf romt her ea soningPr oe edu rea lsohasasig n if iea n tdif f er en ee.Thisk indofea semodelsho ul d besolved di r eetlyatt histime,f o rthegeneralst r Uet Li reoft hePa r t15eo娜lica ted,b u tt hePo si t io nofPa r ti ng linemaybes i而la r.几kethePa r tshowninFig.9asa nexam Ple,w hichc on sistsofse ve r als加e皿ef a以o r s,t he re15 n ott he 51而la re aseint he e a sel ibr a r y.ButitsPa r ting f aeeals oea nbede sig ne dusingt h ec as eshowninFig.6,a ndt heto Pf a ceofthePa r twou l dbech ose nasthePar tingsurf acebe e a u s et hei rPosition sof P训ngsurf aeea r e51而la r.Ifthesimila r it ysolu tio nPr oeedured oe sn otwor k,thehuman一e omPute rinter aetio nwil l bec ho se nt ode t en nlnet he。耐i”,s u rf ae ea nd t her esultwillbesto red,t h ust hec a selibr田了ofth己Par tlngs urtacePo sltlonw1JIOe ennc neQ6CO N CLUSIO NST hek now le叱ea ndea se一b留edrea so ningdesig nofmol dP民r tlngsu rf ac e15t ore a so nt he 51而la rca sewi t ht heo r igi n a l P叭访dexe db y阮sha Pef e a t u reoft h epa r ta nd t odeter rn in et h ePo sitionoft hemol dPa r tings班血eeem PIO yin gt he51而la r it ys olut ionmet hod.T his叩Pr oac hha sh igh de sig nef f ieie neya ndr e l ia bilit yont heba sis oft hea bu nd antk nowle电elibr脚a ndca seli br ar y.ltalsohas se ver a lc ha ra ct e ris tic s a sf ollows:(I)Thehier a rehiealea sel ibr田了of Pa r t ings u rf a cePosition15eo ns如etedb韶edo nt hen umbe roft hef ea皿e sint hee ase,whlchm欧e st hese areb加9rno reeon ve n ie n t.(2)Index ed妙t hesha Pef ean叮e,ahiera r chiea lsea r chingm ethod15em Ploy edbasedo nt hePr oduetr ule.Itha sh ig hef f ieie n eya ndea nq uieklyrea so nou tt heea semodelwhieh mainsha Pef ea奴止e15 sl i nila rt ot hem olde dPa r t.(3)Usingt h e51而la r it yoft hesha Pef eaturesbet weent heea sem odela ndt hePa r tmodel,t hes i面la r it ysolutio nmodelofPa r tings ud 滋ce15f ou nded,w hic hea ndeten刀In et hePositio noft hem eldP训ngsur i触ceq uieklya nde xa ct iy.Asar es ult,t heq ual it ya ndt heef f icie ne
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