河南省虞城县第一初级中学八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解练习（无答案）（新版）人教新目标版.doc

现在完成时一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)no, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果i have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)my father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）it is+时段+since+从句（过去时）mary has been ill for three days.i have lived here since 1998.四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) where is your father？he has gone to shanghai. have/has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） my father has been to shanghai. have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） my father has been in shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志he has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。he has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。he hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。* 以ever和never为标志this is the best film i have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。he has never been to beijing.他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志he says he has been to the usa three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+beforehe has got to beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。she has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词：aaa型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurtlet let let cast cast cast cost cost costcut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/aab型 beat beat beaten aba型become became become run ran runcome came come特殊情况abb型bring brought brought buy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt feltfight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led ledlose lost lost make made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thoughtwin won wonabc型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunkfly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew known ride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunkswim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written七 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-be ingo out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be overopen-be open close -be closeddie-be dead1.have代替buymy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowi have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomehow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldtom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代start, begin2“beup”代get up3“beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the partys member/the league member/the soldier现在完成时练习(一)a)选用have, has填空:1.i _ told him the news.2.she _ come back from school.3.you _ won the game.b)按要求改写下列各句:4.they have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.he has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_c) 单项选择6. -where have you _, kate?-ive _ to the bank.a. gone, goneb. been, beenc. gone, beend. been, gone7. her grandfather _ for two years.a. diedb. has diedc. has been deadd. has been died8. its six weeks _ i met you last.a. whenb. sincec. befored. for9. tom and jack have arrived at west hill farm already.a. have gotb. have gone toc. have been tod. have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、both his parents look sad . maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、he has _ been to shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still 3、have you met mr li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、the famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、our country _ a lot so far .yes . i hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、zhao lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、we _ xiao li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、harry potter is a very nice film .i_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、these farmers have been to the united states . really ? when _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? yes . i _ it a moment ago . did ; do ; finished . have ; done ; finished. have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 his father _ the party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、do you know him well ? sure .we _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、how long have you _ here ?about two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、hurry up! the play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 it _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 miss green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、my parents _ shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、the students have cleaned the classroom, ?a. so they b. dont they c. have they d. havent they19、 has mr white been a member of greener china since he to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, gotc.