浙江省高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解（1）.doc

说理议论阅读理解（1）说理议论（阅读理解） 由 (2013新课标全国,c)改编it happened to me recently.i was telling someone how much i had enjoyed reading barack obamas dreams from my father and how it had changed my views of our president.a friend i was talking to agreed with me that it was,in his words,“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”.however,he then went on to talk about mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.i sensed that i was talking to a book liar.and it seems that my friend is not the only one.approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent.in the world book days“report on guilty secrets”,dreams from my father is at number 9.the report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading,and as im not one to lie too often (id hate to be caught out ),ill admit here and now that i havent read the entire top ten.but i am pleased to say that,unlike 42 percent of people,i have read the book at number one,george orwells 1984.i think its really brilliant.the world book day report also has some other interesting information in it.it says that many people lie about having read jane austen,charles dickens,fyodor dostoevsky(i havent read him,but havent lied about it either )and herman melville.asked why they lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.this could be tricky if the conversation became more in -depth!but when asked which authors they actually enjoy,people named j.k.rowling,john grisham,sophie kinsella(ah,the big sellers,in other words).forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(ill come clean:i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).1.how did the author find his friend a book liar?()a.by judging his manner of speaking.b.by looking into his background.c.by mentioning a famous name.d.by discussing the book itself.2.which of the following is a“guilty secret ”according to the world book day report?()a.charles dickens is very low on the top-ten list.b.42% of people pretended to have read 1984.c.the author admitted having read 9 books.d.dreams from my father is hardly read.3.by lying about reading,a person hopes to .a.control the conversationb.appear knowledgeablec.learn about the bookd.make more friends4.what is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?()a.favorable.b.uncaringc.doubtfuld.friendly语篇解读:本文为议论文。有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书,其实他们根本没有读。他们撒谎主要是想给别人留下深刻的印象。答案及剖析:1.d细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“talk about mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all”可知,答案为d项。2.b细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句并结合上文“the report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading”可知,42%的人撒谎说读过1984这本书。3.b推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,撒谎说读过某本书的人是为了给别人留下深刻的印象,由此可推知b项正确。4.c推断态度题。根据最后一段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知,作者对58%的人说的话感到吃惊,即他对这些话的真实性表示怀疑。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014山东省潍坊市高三联合考试】apart from psychological illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health.what we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.this also contributes to many mental health disorders.many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if youre buried in them and believe them，they could be wearing your sense of selfesteem (自尊)here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：im not good enough？/i dont deserve.？/no one likes me？/im a failure?negative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，and they get you nowhere.what can you do？here are some suggestions：switch the channel when negative thoughts appear.selftalk is not so obvious that we often dont notice its effect on our mood and belief systems.key things to notice are “if only” or “what if” statements：the former keeps you stuck in the past with regret，while the latter keeps you fearful of the future.there is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isnt here yet，so stay in the present moment.recognize that actions always follow beliefs.youll find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent to your beliefs.so，start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that youre a valuable and worthy person.develop positive selftalk rather than negative selftalk.instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head，think of some things you actually like about yourself.what are your strengths？what are you good at？instead of saying “im a loser”，try saying，“i am capable./im good at./i accept myself the way i am.”thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely selflimiting.decide today to turn off the negative selftalk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.1from the first two paragraphs we can learn that_.alots of people have no sense of selfesteembfocusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on peoplecnegative thoughts will strengthen our sense of selfesteemdfew people have negative thoughts and mental problems2the underlined word “wearing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.astrengthening bprotectingcweakening dreplacing3what do the suggestions in the text tell us?aour beliefs always come after actions.bpositive selftalk does good to our mental health.clooking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty.d“what if” keeps you stuck in the past with regret.4the text encourages us to_.aget rid of negative thoughtsbget anywhere we likecthink highly of othersdturn off the selftalk channel5this text is most likely to appear in_.aa recreation guide ba medical journalca science textbook da travel brochure语篇解读文章主要告诉大家抛弃消极的思想，培养积极的思想。1解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“what we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.this also contributes to many mental health disorders.”以及第二段中的“many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds”可以判断出，消极的思想会对人产生不利的影响，故答案为b。答案：b2解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容可知，这里指的是消极的思想可能会减弱人们的自尊感。故wearing在此与weakening的意思最接近，表示“减弱”。答案：c3解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后四段的内容可推知，积极的自我暗示对我们的心理有益，故b项正确。答案：b4解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章鼓励我们抛弃消极的思想。答案：a5解析：推理判断题。由于本文主要说明的是消极思想和积极思想对人们所产生的影响，故本文最有可能出现在医学杂志上，选b。答案：b.。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西高安中学模拟】mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions.oxygen rich saliva (唾液) keeps their numbers down.when we sleep，for example，the saliva stream slows，and sulfur (硫) producing bacteria gains the upper hand，producing classic “morning breath”alcohol drinking，too much talking，breathing through the mouth during exercise，anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.so can stress，though its not understood why.some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.saliva flow gradually slows with age，which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do.babies.however，who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.for most of us，the simple，dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured.eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria.breakfast often stops morning breath.those with constant dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum，hard candy，or a bottle of water or juice around.brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.surprisingly，one thing that rarely works is mouthwash.the liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.the trouble is，they dont necessarily reach all offending germs.most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液)if the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can worsen the problem by drying our mouth.1which of the following is right?asaliva flow gradually increases with age.balcohol drinking does good to bad breath.cmouthwash is not an effective way to bad breath.dmouth bacteria cant grow fast in airless conditions.2which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?atooth trouble.bsulfur rich food.ctoo much exercise.dmental pressure.3according to the passage，alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because_.ait keeps offending bacteria from reproducing bits smell adds to bad breath cit kills some helpful bacteria dit affects the normal flow of saliva4mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because_.athey cant mask the bad odor long enoughbthey cant get to all the offending bacteriactheir stron