江苏省高中英语 Unit2 Sporting events Grammar教学案教案 牛津译林版必修4.doc

m4u2-grammar and usage 设计思想：通过对情态动词的各种基本功能的解释，帮助学生理解情态的作用，让他们能更好的去理解各种表达的含义，同时配以相对应的练习，来进一步对他们的所学进行检查。teaching aims:1. learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2. help students compare similar modal verbs.3. enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.4. learn to use modal verbs with exercises.teaching important points:1、 develop the students ability of using modal verbs.2、 how to make students master the usage of modal verbs.teaching difficult points:develop the students ability of using modal verbs and how to make students master the usage of modal verbs.teaching methods:explanation and exerciseteaching aids:1. the multimedia2. the blackboard【教学环节】step 1 dictationhave a dictation of the new words, phrases and sentences in the part of reading text.【课堂导入】step 2 lead in: provide some daily life situations and ask students to fill in the blanks using proper modal words1. a: who _ it be? (can)b: it _ be tom. (may/might)a: no. it _ be tom, because he flew to shanghai this morning.(cant)b: ok. it _ be jack. he promised me to come here this moment.(must)2. -may i come in?- yes, you _. (may/can)- no, you _.(mustnt)3. -must i do it now?- yes, you _. (must/have to)- no, you _.(neednt)4. you _ eat a lot before swimming.(shouldnt/oughtnt to)5. you _ use this toothbrush. its mine.(shall not)6. children _ play with cats. they _ hurt you. (mustnt; may)step3 teacher-student discussion:1. what is a modal verb? 2. how many modal verbs do you know? make a list.3情态动词两大类用法：不表示推测；表示推测step 4 explanation grammar - modal verbs【课堂教与学】1 定义2特征特征情态动词有一定词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，须和不带to的动词不定式（ought等除外）一起构成合成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词表示可能，能力，允诺，命令，愿望，敢于等情态。b. 基本形式和否定词not连用时的简略形式原形否定形式过去式否定形式例句can cantcouldcouldnthe cant ski./i couldnt speak english fluently then.maymay notmightmight notyou may sit here.mustmust (had to)mustntyou mustnt think only of yourselves.ought tooughtntought tooughtntthere oughtnt to be much noise in a library.willwontwouldwouldnti wont do so. 我不愿这样做。he wouldnt go to bed before he finished his work.shallshantshouldshouldntwe shouldnt be so careless.needneedntneededyou neednt go there alone.daredarentdaredshe darent swim in a river.3. 情态动词的非推测用法ask students to translate the following sentences using proper modal verbs and then summarize the usage of modal verbs.1) can / be able tonow many of us can speak english, but a few years ago, we couldnt.she is getting better and will be able to go back to school next week.summary: be able to用于表示能力并且可以用于各种时态，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。 can表示客观上能够，较常用，be able to更侧重于“经过努力后达到一定境界”的意思。另，was/were able to有“经过努力做成某事”的意思，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing sth.the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to (d)2) ought to, should; have to, mustthey should not allow cars to park here; the street is not wide enough.you should/ ought to tell her the news right away.we have to go now, or we will miss the last bus.i must finish typing my article before five.summary: a) ought to 和should意思接近，大多数情况下可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，用于各种人称。ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。b) have to和must都可以表示必须的意思，但要注意一下两点区别：l must 只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。l must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。3）might/ may/could/should/ought to/will/mustwrite the following sentence on the blackboard and ask students to explain the meanings of the different modal verbs used in each one.今晚我或许/可能/很可能/很可能/会，将/一定会收看电视节目。summary: might 表示非常不肯定，may, could, should, ought to, will语气逐渐增强，must则表示几乎完全肯定。4) can, could, may, mighttranslate the following sentences using proper modal verbs:im sorry im late. may i come in?-can i have a look at your book?- of course you can./ sorry, you cant.-could i borrow your dictionary?-yes, of course, you can.summary:表示许可的情态动词：can, could, may, might 在非正式场合或英语口语中，常用can或could表示许可，could更有礼貌。而在正式场合或书面语中，则常用may或might表示许可，might更正式。might或could比较委婉，一般多用于疑问句。在以could，might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can,may.- might i watch tv after supper?-yes, you may.5) will, can, could, would- will/can/could/would you help me with my training?- yes, i will/can/can/will.summary:l 这组情态动词可以用来提出请求（make requests）l would最正式、客气，其次是could，然后是can,最后是will6) shall-shall we/i/he/she/they do some exercise this morning?-yes.-shall he come in?-ok.summary:shall常用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。7）will, shallill wash your sports jacket.shall we carry the books for you?summary:shall, will用于第一人称表示提供帮助。8) should/ought to you should not/ ought not to eat a lot.the students should spend all their time working at their lessons.summary:should, ought to 可用于提出忠告。4情态动词的推测用法ask students to work in groups and encourage them to discuss the translation of the underlined words.1) you must be mr. smith- i was told to expect you here.2) he must have known what we expected.3) we may have read the same report.4) he cant have slept through all that noise.5) theres someone outside- who can it be?6) what can they be doing?7) these pills might help to cure your disease.8) you could be right, i suppose.conclusion:l all the underlined words above are modal verbs.l 情态动词表示可以用于推测。l must用于肯定句，can could用于否定句和疑问句。 分类讲解：must1）情态动词must表示推测时只能用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是”， 肯定程度大于may, might.对现在发生的事情作出肯定判断用must do/be.译句：you have worked hard all day. you must be tired.i often meet him in the street. he must live quite near here.2) must表示对过去发生的事情作出肯定判断要用must have done.译句：i didnt hear the phone. i must have been asleep.the road is wet. it must have rained last night.3) must表示对现在正在进行的动作进行肯定推测时，后接be+ v-ing.the light in the study is on. he must be reading books.can/could1) can和could 表示推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句。 推测现在，用 can/ could do/be的形式it cant be mary. she has fallen ill.its so late. can tom be reading?she couldnt be telling lies.2) 对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测，要用can/could have done的形式。can she have told a lie?the door was locked. she couldnt have been at home.the money is gone. who could have taken it?3) can/ could 用于肯定句，表示“经验之谈”，可译为“有时（会）”。anybody can make mistakes.teaching can be tiring.4) can/could have done用于肯定句时， 表示对过去发生的事情做出判断，意为“本可以”或者“本来可能已经”。linda didnt catch the first train. she could have caught it.may/ might1) may/might表示推测时，主要用于肯定句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。might 相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。（might有时是may的过去式）they may come here tomorrow.they might come here tomorrow.she may be still waiting for you.she might be still waiting for you.2) 表示对过去发生的动作进行推测，应用may/might have done的形式。he may have been at home for about two hours.he might have spoken to her yesterday.should情态动词should也可用来表示推测，意为“可能，应该”，相当于be expected to,往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的可能性进行描述，语气上不如must强。单项选择题：- will mr. wang offer us a hand?-he _ be glad to. he never refused our guest.a. can b. must c. may d. should- when can i come for the photos? i need them tomorrow afternoon.- they _ be ready by 12:00.a. can b. should c. might d. needits nearly seven oclock. jack _ be here at any moment.a. must b. need c. should d. can答案： dbc5. pairs of modal verbsshall/will1) 在陈述句中，shall常常表示允诺，而will则常表示决心或决定。dont worry. you shall have the tickets for the games.liu mei will go and buy the tickets for the games.2) shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请求。shall we begin our class?(征求意见)when shall mike be able to leave hospital?(向对方请求)shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、决心或威胁。you shall go to the front at once.(命令)you shall have the book when i finish it.（允诺）he shall be punished.（威胁）he shall be sorry one day. i tell you.（警告）nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution.（决心）shall还用于条约、规定、规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“the interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.a. may b. should c. must d. shall (d)will用于第二、三人称疑问句中，表示询问意愿。will you go hiking with me in the mountains?will he pay for me?另外：在if从句中，有时为了表示意愿，也用will,有“愿意”的意思。if they wont help us, we cannot finish the task within a month.if you will listen to me, ill give you some advice on how to learn english.mustnt 和needntmustnt禁止，不准neednt没必要you mustnt smoke in the classroom.- must i clean the classroom?-yes, you must./ no, you neednt.you neednt go on a diet, but you mustnt overeat.need和dare作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句。- need i help you?-yes, please.you neednt telephone him now.how dare you talk to your father like that?the girl dare not go out alone at night.用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。we need to tell him the news.you dont need to tell him the news.do the flowers need watering?i dont dare to tell you the truth.the boy dares to do anything he likes.would you dare to catch the snake with your hand?【课堂巩固】ask students to do the exercises on page29 and page31. then check the answers.【知识小结】1.definition 2. basic form 3. usage【提升与拓展】（含参考答案）语法专练一、单项选择1. you didnt go to the party yesterday, or i _ you. a. would seeb. could seec. might have seend. might see2. he _ at the meeting this morning. he was in hospital then.a. cant have spokenb. mustnt have spokenc. shouldnt have spokend. neednt have spoken3. he must be in the classroom, _ he?a. cant b. mustnt hec. isntd. neednt4. you _ have brought your camera. they all had theirs with them.a. couldntb. neednt c. wouldntd. mustnt5. my little son _ out alone at night. a. dares not gob. dares not to goc. dare not to god. doesnt dare to go6. at last he _ finish the work ahead of time.a. couldb. was able toc. could be able tod. can be able to7. there must be some soldiers hidden in the forest. _ any behind the church?a. must there beb. should there bec. may there bed. can there be8. if anybody _ to see me, say that i shall be back soon.a. would be comeb. comesc. camed. should come9. could i have a word with you?yes, _.a. you canb. you couldc. you mustd. you should10. i told him how to get here, but perhaps i _ for him.a. had to draw a mapb. should have drawn a mapc. ought to draw a mapd. must have drawn a map11. she is late. what _ have happened to her?a. shouldb. mustc. cand. would12. we were waiting for you this time yesterday.sorry, i _ you to tell you that i couldnt come.a. must have calledb. would have been callingc. could have been callingd. should have called13. you _ swim even faster than he if you practice more.a. mustb. canc. ought tod. have to14. i wonder why its so dark. there _ be a heavy rain coming.a. shallb. mustc. shouldd. will15. they _ not to make so much noise in the classroom.a. needb. darec. cand. ought16. you _ return the bike right now. you can keep it until he wants to use it.a. mustntb. may notc. cantd. neednt17. its fine and sunny outside. _ we go out for a walk?a. mustb. willc. wouldd. shall18. the meeting has already begun. you _ 10 minutes ago.a. should comeb. ought to comec. must have comed. ought to have come19. little franz wasted a lot of time playing when he _.a. should studyb. must studyc. should have studiedd. must have studied20. if your group leader is not right, you _him.a. mustnt obeyb. dont have to obeyc. wouldnt have obeyedd. cant have obeyedkey:1-5 cacbd 6-10 bddab 11-15 cdbbd 16-20dddcb二、动词填空（用适当的情态动词填空）1. a: there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. b: it _ have been a comfortable journey.2. a: jack, you _ play with fire. you _ hurt yourself. b: ok, mum.3. a: will you stay for dinner? b: sorry, i _. my mother is waiting for me at home.4. a: my new pencil-box has disappeared. b: who _ have taken it?5. a: she looks very sad. you _ have told her the bad news. b: but i didnt mean to hurt her.6. a: _ you succeed! b: thanks a lot.7. a: a computer _ think for itself. b: you are right. it _ be told what to do.8. a: shall i tell mary about it? b: no, you _. i have told her already.9. a: you _ call him if you want to. b: i _! he is sure to call me.10.a: im told tom had another car accident this morning. b: i cant believe it. he _ have been so careless.key: 1. couldnt 2. mustnt/shouldnt, may/might/could 3. cant 4. might/could 5. shouldnt 6. may 7. cant, must 8. neednt 9. can, neednt 10. couldnt【板书设计】1. 情态动词及其用法 2. 讲解过程中遇到的生词。一、句子翻译1. michael should have come to school a little earlier in the morning. 2. barbara may/might have been ill last week. 3. they should be here by now. 4. he ought to know her telephone number. 5. shall i close the door? 6. 这个女孩法语讲得很流利，她肯定在法国待过多年。7. 你不应当整夜玩电脑游戏。8. 昨天是星期天，我们不必