（云南专版）2018年中考英语特训复习 第3编 中考题型攻略篇 3 完形填空试题.doc

三、完形填空,近五年题型分析解读项目年份内容词数名词代词介词数词连词形容词副词动词2017情感哲理故事(不要携带憎恨) 约250词，5段1121122/2016人生哲理(每天都是新开始，珍惜现在) 约240词，8段1111213/2015埃博拉病毒约180词，4段1112131/2014介绍汉字听写大赛约160词，4段1121212/2013情感故事(报恩) 约160词，6段21223/根据以上图表，分析近几年的云南中考真题可知，完形填空材料新颖、覆盖面广、话题广泛，主要涉及有：故事类、介绍类、科普文章、文化、风土人情、历史、传统、地理、社会热点和文化差异，考点分布均匀，以常见的形容词、动词居多，也会涉及名词、连词、副词、代词、数词、介词等。考点注重语境和上下文的理解，既考查学生的阅读能力，又重点考察其推理判断能力，适当兼顾语法的考查。词数在160250之间，段落38段。文中涉及的生词不超过3个，且生词不会给出汉语意思。1体裁：以记叙文居多，其他还有说明文、夹叙夹议等。2命题形式：短文首尾句一般不设空，每句中只有一个空。3试题特点分析：设空以考查文意为主，也就是“实词”名词、动词、形容词和副词等的比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。解题方法与技巧三步六招解完形一、三步：1通读全文，抓大意解完形填空题的关键在于理解并掌握文章大意，因此，答题前快速浏览全文，了解大意，掌握中心，抓住重点。注意文章的第一句、段落的第一句和最后一句等。首句往往提示了全文的体裁、内容、大意、时间、人物、事件背景等。尾句往往是段落的灵魂。首尾句是段落的主题句。这样，了解了文章的基本意思后，可以避免在选择时出现前后冲突的现象，为后面进行选择奠定基础。考生要充分利用这些句子的标志性作用，把它作为一个突破口。2研析段落，理逻辑 掌握了文章的大意之后，仔细研读段与段之间、句与句之间的内在逻辑关系，对所设空一一突破。3再读复核，清障碍 最后将选定的答案一一带入进行复核，扫除疑惑障碍，检查答案与文章叙述的“基调” “目的意图” “内在逻辑关系”等是否一致，确保全文文意流畅连贯。二、六招：1牢记固定搭配有些词汇、短语的搭配是约定俗成的，比较固定，考生平时要牢记。2善用语境推断语境推断是完形填空命题的最主要角度。脱离语境，每个选项都有可能正确，但在具体的语境中答案又是唯一的。3领悟逻辑关系 完形填空的短文行文流畅，逻辑性强。因此，上下句之间的逻辑关系也是命题的一大热点。4熟记语法知识 完形填空一般不会直接考查语法，但有的命题属于语法角度，解题时要考虑语法因素。5关注复现词汇词汇复现包括前复现、后复现、同义复现、近义复现、反义复现等。复现的位置各不相同，有的隔几句或几段复现，有的前后都有复现。6熟记生活常识有时生活常识如天气状况、交通规则等也作为一个命题的角度。命题角度及解题试技巧：固定搭配利用固定句型和短语搭配等，考查考生的语言基础能力。语境推断利用正向推断法、逆向推断法合理推断空格处的未知信息。逻辑推断利用转折关系、因果关系、让步关系、递进关系、对比关系等推断正确答案。语法知识利用语法知识，考查考生对词性的变化，时态、语态等的运用能力。词汇复现利用同义、反义等已经出现的词汇，考查考生在具体语境中对词汇的运用。生活常识利用特设语境，考查考生对生活常识的应用和判断能力。1.固定搭配利用固定搭配，固定句式及习惯表达解题。平时应积累常见的动词固定搭配，做题时根据语境选择最佳搭配来完成题目。2语境推断语境推断是完形填空中最常见的用法，首先要弄清楚主人公的身份、所处的环境等，进而理解语境，体验语境。3推理判断做这类题时，必须在前后句中找出关键的提示词，特别是介词、连词和形容词，从而进行推理判断。4逻辑推理形容词和副词辨析类的题通常用逻辑推理法，判断出要修饰人的情况，从而选出正确答案。5语法知识以语法知识为命题角度，做这类题时，应该考虑句子结构，弄清楚要考查的语法知识。(2017枣庄中考) 阅读下面短文，然后从所给的四个选项a、b、c、d中选出最佳选项。people once went hungry.a rich man who made bread and cakes sent for twenty of the_1_children in the town，and told them to take a loaf(条) of bread from a_2_every day till the hard days passed.the hungry children came together_3_，and argued for the bread，because each wished to have the largest one.finally they went away without even thanking the good gentleman.but gretchen，a poorlydressed little girl，did not argue or_4_with the rest，but remained standing quietly far away from them._5_the badmannered girls left，she took the smallest bread，which alone was left in the basket，kissed the gentlemans hand，and went home.the next day the children were as badmannered as before，and poor，shy gretchen_6_a loaf hardly the size of the one she got the first day.when she came home，her mother cut the loaf open.many new shining pieces of_7_fell out of it.her mother was very surprised and worried，and said，“take the money back to the good gentleman at once，for it must have got into the dough(生面团) _8_mistake.be quick，gretchen! be quick！”but when the little girl gave the rich man her mothers_9_，he said，“no，no，my child，it was no mistake.i had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.always be as satisfied，quiet，and_10_as you now are.go home now，and tell your mother that the money is your own.”() 1.a.kindestbsmartestcpoorest dthinnest() 2.a.bowl bbasket ckitchen dfridge() 3.a.luckily bproudly csilently dexcitedly() 4.a.fight bplay ctalk djump() 5.a.if bwhen cbecause dunless() 6.a.brought btasted creceived dnoticed() 7.a.silver bbread cgold dglass() 8.a.in bon cwith dby() 9.a.thanks bmessage cwallet dpraise() 10.a.thankful bfriendly clively dlovely【解析】1c 考查形容词词义辨析。kindest 最善良的smartest 最聪明的；poorest最穷的；thinnest 最瘦的。由第二段第一句“the hungry children”可知指“最穷的”。2b 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。bowl 碗；basket篮子；kitchen 厨房；fridge冰箱。根据后文第三段which alone was left in the basket，可知句意：告诉他们(孩子们) 每天从篮子里拿走一条面包直到艰难的日子结束。故选b。3d 考查副词辨析及语境理解。luckily不幸地；proudly骄傲地；silently沉默地；excitedly兴奋地。饥饿的孩子们兴奋地聚在一起并且为了面包而争吵。根据上文在人们遭受饥饿时这些孩子被请来，所以他们是兴奋地来到一起的，故选d。4a 考查动词及语境理解。fight 打架；play 玩；talk 交谈；d.jump跳。但是葛丽钦，一个衣衫褴褛的小女孩，没有争吵，没有和其他人打架。根据上文孩子们为面包而争吵，可知这里指小女孩没有和他们打架。故选a。5b考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据句意可知，当(when)这些行为恶劣的女孩们离开时，她拿了最小的面包。if意为“如果”，because意为“因为”，unless意为“除非”，均不符合文意，故选b。6c考查动词及语境理解。根据上文she took the smallest bread，which alone was left in the basket可知，害羞的gretchen收到(receive)的面包，几乎没有第一天拿到的那么大。bring意为“带来”，taste意为“品尝”，notice意为“注意”，均不符合文意。故选c。7a 考查名词及语境理解。silver 银；bread 面包；gold 金子；glass玻璃。一些新的闪光的银片从里面掉出来。根据后文i had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.可知是银子，故选a。8d考查介词及语境理解。in在里；on在上；with和；by通过。by mistake，错误地。马上把钱给那位好心的绅士送回去，因为银子肯定是误进入生面团的。故选d。9b 考查名词及语境理解。thanks感谢；message消息；wallet钱包；praise称赞。当那个小女孩把她妈妈的信息(话) 给那个富人时，那个人说，没有没有，我的孩子，没有弄错。结合句意，故选b。10a 考查形容词及语境理解。 thankful感激的；friendly友好的；lively活泼的；lovely可爱的。由第三段最后一句话可知，小女孩每次拿完面包后都会亲吻绅士的手对他表示感谢。所以小女孩是心存感恩的，故选a。话题1：幽默故事a(2017云南中考) jim started painting while he was three years old，and when he was five，he was already very good at it.he_1_many beautiful and interesting pictures，and people paid a lot of money for them.they said，“this boy is going to be_2_when he grows up，and then were going to sell these pictures for a lot more_3_ jims painting were different_4_other peoples works，because he_5_painted on all of the paper.he painted only on half of it，and other half was always empty. “thats very clever，” everyone said，“ nobody else does that like_6_！” one day，somebody bought one of jims pictures and then asked him，“please_7_ me，jim，why do you paint on the bottom half of the paper，_8_not on the top half？” “because im small，” jim said，“and my brushes dont_9_very high.thats_10_i only paint on the bottom half of the paper.”(a)1.a.painted bbought cfound dlost (c)2.a.pretty bfunnycfamous dlucky(d)3.a.houses bgiftscfood dmoney(b)4.a.of bfrom cin dwith(c)5.a.ever balready cnever dstill(a)6.a.him bus cher dthem(a)7.a.tell badvicecpromise dbelieve(b)8.a.and bbut cor dbecause (d)9.a.lie bstandcclimb dreach(c)10.a.when bwhere cwhy dwhat 话题2：人生哲理b(2017昆明中考改编) a teacher decided to let her class play a game.she told each child in the class to bring along a bag with _1_ tomatoes.each tomato would_2_a name of a person that the child hated.so the number of tomatoes in his or her bag would depend on the number of people the child hated.when the day came，every child brought some tomatoes with the names of the people he or she hated.some had two tomatoes._3_had three tomatoes.some even had five tomatoes.the teacher then told the children to carry the tomatoes with them wherever they went for a week.days passed，and the children started to complain (抱怨) _4_the rotten(腐烂的) tomatoes let out terrible smell.besides，those having five tomatoes also had to carry_5_ bags.after one week，the children were very happy because the game had_6_ ended.the teacher asked，“how did you feel？” the children started complaining of the trouble that they had to go through when carrying the heavy and smelly tomatoes.then the teacher told them the_7_ behind the game.the teacher said，“this is the same situation when you carry your hatred(憎恨) for somebody _8_your heart.the terrible smell of hatred will _9_your heart，and you will carry it with you wherever you go.if you cannot stand the smell of the rotten tomatoes for just_10_week，can you imagine what it is like to have the smell of hatred in your heart for your lifetime？”(c)1.a.muchba littleca fewdfew(b)2.a.call bbe givenchave written dgive(b)3.a.any bsomecevery deach(a)4.a.because bbutcso dand(d)5.a.lower blightercheavier dheavier(b)6.a.often bfinallycalways dusually(a)7.a.meaning btimecway dname(b)8.a.outside binsidecbeside dexcept(c)9.a.clean bwashcpollute dstand(a)10.a.one btwocfive dthree话题3：情感故事c(2017曲靖中考) yesterday，my 15yearold brother dave had a fight with my 12yearold brother kevin.i didnt notice. as i was walking upstairs(楼上)，i heard kevin _1_in his bedroom.i knocked on the door and asked，“kevin，do you want to talk？” no one answered.i tried again.still nothing happened.so，i took some paper and wrote，“ if you dont，we can write_2_” an hour_3_，i was still sitting on the floor outside his door with two pads(沓) of paper in my hands.one pad was new and the other was from kevin.as i read one of kevins notes，tears(眼泪) came to my eyes.it said，“_4_in this family cares about me.dave thought i was too weak.dad said i was not good_5_basketball.and you didnt notice me.” for my part，what he said was_6_i wrote back，“ kevin，i do love you and you know that.im here for you and you_7_ in this family.” he didnt reply for a while，but then i heard he cried a little bit.kevin ran out of paper and wrote “thanks” on a paper cup.i wrote back “for _8_？” it returned to me with “ loving me” on it.since then，i try my best to_9_my family members.kevin and i have a_10_relationship now.and when one of us notices that the other is unhappy，well smile and say，“write it on a paper cup.”(c)1.a.shoutingbspeakingccrying dfighting (a)2.a.notes bletterscnovels dstones(c)3.a.beforebafterclaterdago(d)4.a.somebody banybodyceverybody dnobody(b)5.a.in bat cwith dfor(a)6.a.right beasychappy ddifficult(d)7.a.dislike bare dislikedclove dare loved(d)8.a.why bhow cwhom dwhat(c)9.a.bring more good luck tobbe more thankful tocpay more attention todbe strict with(b)10.a.colder bclosercworse dfunnier话题4：历史文化扇子 d (2017乐山中考改编) how do you keep cool during summer? air conditioners or electric fans are good tools in modern society.but _1_ that，people could only use fans. over 3，000 years ago，fans began to be used.they were made of feathers(羽毛)，bamboo or silk.they came in different _2_，including round and square. later，with the invention of paper，folding paper fans became popular during the song dynasty.there are usually beautiful_3_on fans.some are landscapes(风景)others are flowers and animals.moreover，many great people including su dongpo，a poet of the song dynasty，and tang yin，scholar(学者) and painter of the ming dynasty，once painted their masterpieces(杰作) on fans.this made fans not only_4_ tools in daily life but also great artworks.so，with its value of beauty，people take fans as a symbol of status(地位)thats why in old china，emperors and scholars often held fans. today，fans are also great collectors items(藏品) and gifts.on the opening ceremony of the 2008 beijing olympic games，folding fans were_5_ to leaders and officials of other countries.while they were_6_fans to get cool，they were also experiencing chinese culture.(a)1.a.before bafter cfrom dsince(c)2.a.colors bsizes cshapes dpaper(b)3.a.plants bpictures cpersons dflowers(a)4.a.useful bbeautifulccareful dinteresting(c)5.a.bought bposted cgiven dsold(b)6.a.holding bwaving cplaying dkicking话题5：励志故事e(2017嘉兴中考) it was the summer before my third grade.our girls softball team was facing real pitchers(投球手) _1_the first time.before that，we could just hit the ball on the tee(球座)when the coach started pitching，hitting became_2_for me.i missed every single pitch.from the side，i heard my teammate emily laughing at_3_my face got hot and my throat felt like it had a softball stuck in.at that moment，i was starting to_4_playing softball.the next afternoon，when mom said it was time to play the game，i told her i was_5_she allowed me to lie down for a while.so i went to my room and_6_myself in bed.this was difficult for me because i was fine and just_7_to avoid softball.soon mom came in and said，“time to go！” she didnt even ask if i felt_8_i imagined emily laughing from the sideline，and_9_i really did feel sick to my stomach.i began crying loudly.still，mom pulled my team tshirt over my head.she said，“you have to_10_for the rest of the season，and only after that we can talk about_11_youll continue next year.” she added that practice was what i needed，not_12_she promised to practice with me.i got two hits that afternoon，and emily didnt make a_13_every week after that，i practiced at home_14_i got to be one of the best hitters on the team.that_15_taught me being afraid is part of life，and i can do whatever is expected of me if i keep working and practicing.(a)1.a.for bbycfrom dabout(c)2.a.noisy bnaturalchard dpossible(c)3.a.him bthemcme dus(b)4.a.remember bhatecenjoy dpractice(b)5.a.bored bsickcshy dsad(c)6.a.helped bdressedcthrew dtaught(b)7.a.failed bwantedcrefused doffered(b)8.a.safer bbettercwarmer dhappier(d)9.a.usually bprobablyccarefully dsuddenly(a)10.a.play bbreakcshare drelax(d)11.a.what bwherecwhich dwhether(c)12.a.waking up bhurrying upcgiving up dspeaking up(b)13.a.plan bsoundcchoice ddecision(a)14.a.until bunlesscafter dthough(d)15.a.accident bbusinesscrelationship dexperience话题6：污水的产生及其危害，号召人们节约用水f(2017重庆中考) march 22nd is world water day.it started in 1993.it not only makes us think about the importance of water，but also calls on(号召) us to _1_ and protect water.today，were facing terrible water problems.among them，wastewater problem is especially_2_and the subject of world water day in 2017 is “wastewater” what is wastewater? it is used water.usually，wastewater comes from homes，_3_，hospitals and so on.it is produced by different kinds of activities，including washing the machines，taking showers and using the kitchen.the rain also_4_ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm.no matter where it comes from，this kind of water is sure to have_5_harmful in it._6_must we treat(处理) wastewater? wastewater has a big influence on our life.it causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment.we must care for our environment and our own_7_ how can we treat wastewater? different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment.wastewater_8_homes can be reused.then there will be_9_wastewater.also，factory wastewater has to be cleaned_10_it goes back to nature.(b)1.a.drink bsave ccarry dwatch(d)2.a.easy bpopular csmall dserious(a)3.a.factories blakes crivers dseas(c)4.a.gets back bhands incchanges into dpicks up(b)5.a.nothing bsomething cnobody dsomebody(c)6.a.what bwho cwhy dhow(c)7.a.work binterest chealth dbusiness(d)8.a.on bfor cwith dfrom(a)9.a.less bmore cbetter dworse(d)10.a.and bwhethercafter dbefore话题7：健康饮食水果 g(2017宜昌中考) we all think eating fruits means just buying fruits，cutting them and putting them into our_1_its not as easy as you think.its important to know_2_and when to eat.fruit should be eaten on an empty stomach.if you eat fruit like that，it will go straight_3_the stomach into the intestines(肠道) .it will be good to your health and provide you with plenty of_4_for life activities.fruit is the most important_5_but when you eat two pieces of bread and then some fruit，it is_6_from doing so.do you know the reason?you have probably heard people sayingevery time i eat watermelon i burp(打嗝)，when i eat a banana i feel like_7_to the toilet.when the fruit_8_with other food，it produces gas(气体)thats why you will feel uncomfortable.actually，we will not_9_if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach.eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice.when you_10_want to drink fruit juice，drink only_11_fruit juice，not from the bottles or cans.dont drink juice that has been_12_up.dont eat cooked fruits because you dont get the nutrients(营养成分) at all.you only get the_13_if you have mastered the_14_way of eating fruits，you have the_15_of beauty，health，energy，happiness and a long life.dark circles under the eyes will not appear.(c)1.a.tables bplates cmouthsdboxes(a)2.a.how bwhat cwhere dwho(d)3.a.past bbetweencamong dthrough(b)4.a.experience benergycpleasure dspirit(c)5.a.course bdiscoverycfood ddirection(a)6.a.prevented bprotectedcprepared dpracticed(b)7.a.returning brunningcrelaxing dstaying(c)8.a.fixes bfills cmixes djoins(a)9.a.check bspreadcarrive dhappen(d)10.a.totally bhardly cclearly dreally(c)11.a.expensive b