江苏省姜堰市某中学高三英语一轮复习学案2 M10 Unit1 新人教版.doc

江苏省姜堰市某中学2012届高三英语一轮复习学案2：m10 unit1（新人教版）period 1-2 new words 授课时间_ 总课时_1. cattle n.：用作为复数的集体名词，是“牛”或“牲畜”的总称，本身是复数形式，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。用head 作量词时，用head的原形，如“10头牛”可以说ten head of cattle或ten cattle.以下这些名词单复数同形： fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，swiss瑞士人，chinese中国人 crossroads(十字路口) 奶牛,母牛_ 公牛,牛 _ 小牛 _2. severity n.严肃, 严格, 严重 严厉地惩罚某人 punish sb._ acts of severity 激烈的行为 the severity of winter 冬天的酷寒 严重的, 严厉的, 严格的adj. _ 严重地； 严格厉地 adv. _3. politician n.政治家, 政客 政治的, 行政上的 adj. _ 政治, 政治学, 政见 n. _ 政策, 方针 n. _4. global adj.球形的, 全球的, 全世界的球体, 地球仪, 地球, 世界 n. _5. target 瞄准; 把.作为目标对象 为.定指标 be targeted for 指标定为 steel production _60,000 tons last year. 钢产量去年指标定为六万吨。6. crossroad n. （常用pl）十字路口；交叉路 at a crossroads 在十字路口; 面临抉择的关头; 处于(人生的)重要转折点 交叉点；交会处；交叉口 n. _ 在第二个十字路口_7. currently adv. 现时，当前 current adj. 现时的；当今的；时下的 n. 水流；气流; 电流 ; 趋势；趋向；潮流 当代英语 _ 顺应时代的潮流go with _8. short-term long-term 制定一个长期学习计划_9. switch n.开关, 电闸, 转换 vt.转换, 转变 to switch the tv on 开电视 to switch the radio off 关收音机you pressed the wrong switch. 你按错了开关。 there is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights. 墙上有一开电灯的开关。10. import vt 输入；进口；引进 import wool from australia 从澳大利亚进口羊毛 wool is one of the chief exports of australia. 羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口物资之一。 输出；出口 _ this country export fruit. 这个国家出口水果。11. irrigation bring the farmland under irrigation使农田水利化 an irrigation channel canal灌溉渠 灌溉 vt. _12. dependent adj. 依赖的；依靠的 she is completely dependent on her daughter for money. 她花的钱完全靠从她女儿那里得到。 一切的结果都基于它们的原因。 all effects _ _ _ their causes. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。 _ _ _ _ how you tackle the problem. 13. artificial adj. 人造的；人工的;假的, 虚伪的 假花 _ 人造引力(指在太空船上) _ 人工降雨 _14. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 营养(作用), 滋养; 营养物 n. _ 营养学(专)家 n. _ 在营养上 adv. _15. dignity n.尊严, 高贵 beneath ones dignity 不合身份；有失尊严 stand on ones dignity 保持尊严;坚持受到应有的礼遇 below ones dignity 损害尊严; 有失身分 丢面子 _ a mans dignity depends not upon his wealth or rank but upon his character. 人的真正价值不在财富或地位, 而在他的品格。16. weaken v.削弱, (使)变弱 削弱他的意志/力量_ weak adj. weakness n. 虚弱, 软弱, 弱点, 缺点 17. creativity n. 创造力, 创造 创造;创作 n. _ 创造, 创作物 n. _ 创造性的 adj. _ 计 创建者, 创作者 n. _18. sleepy adj.困乏的, 欲睡的 i felt sleepy all day. 我整天都犯困。 睡着的, 睡熟的 adj. _ 入睡 _ 睡, 睡觉 vi.; 睡眠 n. _ sleeping 可作定语，作表语时动作意味较强 this is a sleeping bag. 这是一个睡袋。 he is sleeping. 他正在睡觉。 sleepy 强调主观感觉 he felt sleepy. a sleepy country life恬静的乡村生活 asleep 强调客观事实。 the baby fell asleep. be asleep睡着( 状态) be sleeping正在睡觉(是否入睡不知道) go to sleep / fall / drop asleep入睡 go to bed去睡19. passer-by n. (passers-by) 20. contest n.论争, 竞赛 v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛 close contest 势均力敌的竞争（尤指竞选） contest with a person 与人争论 compete vi.比赛, 竞争 competition n.竞争, 竞赛21. electrical adj.电的, 有关电的 equipment 辨析后用这些词填空：electricity/ electric/electrical/electronicelectricity电流，电荷，电electric指可发电的或靠电力操作的或由电力生产的发电的：an electric generator 发电机，由电产生的；an electric current电流用于导电的：an electric plug电源插头，使用电力的：an electric iron电烙铁electrical 与电有关的(人员或物品)electrical faults 电器故障，electrical engineering 电力工程electronic 电子的an electronic calculator电子计算器，an electronic dictionary电子词典it is so hot today, but the fan isnt working.a lot of equipment is needed for large theatres.the was cut off for several days.his father is an engineer.there is no station in this area.the dictionary is available in form.22. foreseeable adj.可预知的, 能预测的, 能看透的 预见, 预知 vt. _ 预想, 预测, 预报, 预兆 vt. _23. alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的 除.外别无选择; 只有; 只好 _ i had no alternative but to accept the offer. 我只能接受此提议，别无选择。24. conscious he is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤,不过神志还清醒。 she was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在这房间里。 我知道她在场。_ 意识到自已的缺点_ 有意识地， 自觉地 adv. _ 不省人事, 未发觉的, 无意识的 adj. _ 意识，知觉，感觉 n. _ 失去知觉， 不省人事 _ 恢复知觉， 苏醒过来 _25. transmit vt.传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 传播 transfer vt.转移, 调转, 传递, 转让, 改变 transport vt.传送, 运输 transplant v.移植, 移种, 移民, 迁移 fill in the blanks with the proper words: the goods were _ by train. his employer _him to another office. parents _ some of their characteristics to their children. the old man has _ all the flowers to the gardenperiod 3 phrases 授课时间_ 总课时_1. put / bring pressure on/upon sb 对某人施加压力 ease off the pressure of 为某人减轻压力。 high blood pressure高血压 air pressure大气压 we are try to put pressure on the government to change the law.我们试图给政府施压来改变这一切。他们给我施加压力要我卖掉宝贵的土地。_2. on top of = in addition to另外,此外,除了之外=on, over sth./sb. 在上面（上方） he arrived home late and on top of that, he was very rude. 译：他失业了，而且他妻子跟他离婚了。 _ 那山顶上有座宝塔. _. 书藉一本一本地摞在一起。 _. 3. at risk = in danger of sth. harmful happening处于危险中 is the governments income policy seriously at risk? at the risk of = with the danger of 冒着的危险 we do this at the risk of our life and lerberties. at ones risk 拿冒险 if you park your car here, you do so at your own risk. take the risk of (that)冒的危险he is willing to take the risk of losing his life to save the child. 用下列词组填空：at ones own risk; at the risk of; at risk; at (the) risk to; take the risk of; risk 1）_ catching the fever himself the man kindly carried the sick child home. 2) you have no right _ climbing the cliff.3) he dived in to save the dog _own his life.4) as with all diseases, certain groups will be more _ than others. 5). anyone swimming in this lake doe so _.6). her husband was _ his life, so she was absolutely convinced. 4. without (beyond) doubt毫无疑问；一定 this meeting has been, without doubt, one the most useful we have had so far. 这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议 without doubt these theories were all wrong. no doubt = used when you are saying that sth. it probable无疑地，很可能 no doubt he will call us when she gets here. hes made some great movies. theres no doubt about it. have no doubt about have some doubt whether make no doubt of对毫不怀疑，确信 in doubt感到怀疑，难以确信5. be dependent on you could be dependent on your parents all your life. the old ladys _on her children was absolute. good health is largely _ on the proper nourishment. good health _on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 6. show off = show people sth. /sb. that your are proud of she wanted to show off her new husband at the party. he likes to show off how well he speaks french. 她炫耀她的新衣服。 _ other expressions: 带领某人参观某处_ 把某人送到门口 _ 把某人领进来 _ 送某人出去 _ 出现，到来_ 为了炫耀_ 展出，陈列出来_7. put into practice 将付诸实施 we put the new theory into practice. 我们已制定新的法律，我们将付诸实施8. in danger处于危险状态 my father was warned by the neighbours that were in danger. 他处于失去生命的危险中。_ 脱离危险_ 对有危险_9. push for 催促着要，努力争取 push aside _ push off _ push on _ push through _ push over _ period 4 important sentences ( i ) 授课时间_ 总课时_step1 .translation:1.组织慈善音乐会 2.为饥荒受难者募集资金3.提高公众对饥荒的意识4.受到全世界的极大关注 5.给.施加巨大压力 6.除此以外 7.饥饿和营养不良 8.夺走一千万人的生命 9. 全球头号健康威胁 10.为了设法与全球范围的饥荒作斗争 11.紧急粮食救援 12.在危急时刻 13.以处于危险中的人为目标 14.帮助失业的人养活自己 15.毫无疑问 16.惊人的成就 17.处于关键时刻 18.远远落后于发达国家 19.一个长期问题的短期解决办法20.有一句谚语说. 21.从进口粮食过渡到生产粮食 22.通过与贫困的根源作斗争来消灭贫困 23.改善基础设施 24.让一切平稳运作 25.使他们自助而不是依赖他人 26.在.的手中 27.发展他们的解决问题和沟通的技能28.社区计划 29.用金属丝制作艺术品 30.传统商业 31.迅速增长的产量 32.通向更美好未来的良好开端 33.填饱肚子 34.这个问题没有快而简单的解决方法(p.5) 35.开发.的资源(p.5) 36.维护尊严(p.5) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. step2. sentences:1. in 1985, there was little rainfall in ethiopia, which led to destroyed harvests and killed cattle.(lines1-2)1985年,埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨,这导致收成损毁,牛畜死亡.which harvets and cattle 分词destroyed 和killed 表示动作被动完成的。lead toall roads lead to rome.（ ）reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.（ ）the waiter led us to our table. （ )what led you to believe this? （lead sb to do = ）实战演练it took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. well, you know what they say，_. a. there is no smoke without fireb. practice makes perfect c. all roads lead to romed. no pains, no gainsonce a decision has been made , all of us should it .a.direct to b.stick to c.lead to d.refer to 2. geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine.(lines6-7) geldof 想通过音乐会为饥荒筹钱，并提高对饥荒的意识。本句中有部分省略,完整的表达可以是geldof intended the concert to raise money for the famine and to raise public awareness of the famine.学生们利用假期为希望工程募捐。_注:raise还有 “举起;提高;养育,种植,饲养; 提出; 举起某人的杯子 提高公众的意识 抚养孩子 提出反对意见 3. the concert also received so much attention around the world that it put great pressure on politicians and malnutrition.(lines8-10) 音乐会还受到了全世界的极大关注，这给政客们施加了巨大压力，迫使他们为这次饥荒做一些事情。put pressure on 给施加压力industrial development . 工业的发展给环境带来了巨大的压力。 在压力之下 to do 给施加压力去做某事 sb / sth给减少压力period 5 important sentences ( ii ) 授课时间_ 总课时_1.on top of this, according to the united nations, hunger and malnutrition claim ten million lives every year.(lines 14-15)除此之外，根据联合国的资料，饥饿和营养不良每年夺走一千万人的生命。on top of 除之外(通常指不愉快的事情)he lost his wife and he got ill. 他不但失去了妻子，而且自己也病了。复习：除外（还包括）：besides,in addtion to,apart from对比下句中的together with clearly, development aid together with food aid is the long-term solution to the problem of poverty.(lines41-43) 很显然，发展援助和食品援助结合起来才是贫困问题的长期解决办法。on top of其它意义that high hill has a tower on top of it. on top of mountain=at the top of the mountain at the top of ones voice on top of the world=extremely 实战演练see the flags on top of the building? that was_ we did this morning.a. when b. which c. where d. whatput the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you pronounce the sound.a. tip b. top c. peak d. poleclaim vt.要求，认领，声称，索赔，获得，导致死亡the tsunami in indonesia .印尼的海啸夺走了很多人的生命。a wallet has been found and at the manager s office.钱包已找到，可到经理办公室认领。scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.科学家们宣称治疗癌症已有重大突破。she _ from the company for the injury she had suffered.她因受伤向公司索要损害赔偿金。she has finally claimed a place on the team.她终于成了那个队的队员。n.声明，合法权利，索赔the singer denied the magazines claim that she is leaving the band.那位歌手否认了那家杂志说有关她要离开乐队的说法。they had no claims on the land, which was believed to be rich in oil.他们无权索要那快被认为蕴藏丰富石油的土地。词组：have a claim on sb 对某人有要求权lay claim to sth声称对拥有权he his daughter on his former wife.他向他的前妻要求有探视女儿的权利。he the property.他声称有财产继承权。实战演练recently there has been a great _?_ for small cars that use little petrol. a.claim b.require c.want d.demand much as he _he has a good taste,he cant avoid being influenced by advertisements. a.goes braises c. claims d.switches2the food-for-growth programme, which targets people most at risk健康成长粮食计划它主要以身处危险中的人作为目标 however, it is something that we must do because without sustainable development, our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.(p14)target sb 把某人作为目标 target sth on/at sb/sth把对准these thieves usually shopping in the busy street.这个小偷通常把在繁华街道购物的女性作为作案的目标. target n 靶子;攻击的目标he missed the target. 他未击中靶子。his target is to save $100 a week. 他的目标是每周储蓄一百元。 at risk(=in danger)处于危险状态take/run a risk/risks take/run the risk of doing sth. at risk to sb. at ones own risk at the risk of doing sth. risk(vt)doing sth. 完成句子you cant get rich (不冒险) (那是冒险)im pregared to take.the whole future of the company is (受到威胁)。he saved the child (冒着生命危险)。persons swimming beyond this point do so (后果自负).he (冒更大的危险)being arrested.3.it is without doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough?(lines25-26)毫无疑问这是惊人的成就，但是这就足够了吗？完成句子your life is in danger. there is (关于这一点毫无疑问)。she doubted (是否)that was what he wanted.this meeting has been, (毫无疑问), one of the most useful we have had so far.we dont doubt he can do a good job of it.注意： doubt 可用作名词，也可用作动词。在肯定句中，后面从句常用whether, if , when, what等连接；在疑问句、否定句中，后面从句常用that 连接。doubt用于以下结构：have no doubt that-clause/about there is no doubt that-clause/about实战演练some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for aids will be found. a. which b. that c. what d. whetherhello, mr. smith. this is larry jackson. i am afraid i wont be able to arrive on time for the meeting in your office. _. well wait for you.a.harry upb.no doubtc.cheer upd.thats all rightim afraid mr. wood cant see you until 4 oclock. oh, _ i wont wait.a.no doubtb.after all c.in that case d.in this way 4. developing countries can do this if they switch from importing food to producing it. (lines33-34)如果发展中国家从进口粮食过渡到生产粮食，那他们就是得到“渔”而不是“鱼”了。he switched the light from green to red.他把灯从绿色变成了红色. 注:switch from to 转换;变换 he .他老是从一个工作换到另一个工作. 关上(电灯等) 开(电灯等)period 6 important sentences ( iii ) 授课时间_ 总课时_1. there is a saying that goes “give a man a fish,and you feed him for a day. teach a man to fish, amd you feed him for a lifetim”.有句俗语是这样说的：授人以鱼，三餐之需；授人以渔，终生之用。句式分析本句是there be 句型，句中that 引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a saying, 构成句式 “there is a saying that+从句”。that定语从句中谓语动词go在此意为“(谚语、消息等)说法是”。as the old saying goe.常言说道.实战演练what should i do first? the instructions _ that you should mix flour with water carefully first.a. gob. tell. c. writed. say在近几年的高考中，含有名词的固定句型成为一个重要考点。常用句型有：there is no doubt that毫无疑问 there is no denying that毫无疑问there is a chance that有可能 there is a possibility that有可能there is an opportunity that有一个机会 (it is )no wonder that难怪it is no use/good doing sth.干某事没有用处 there is no point(in) doing sth.干某事没有意义there is no sense doing sth.干某事没有意义 it is a coincidence that某事是巧合there is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人