江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit3 Back to the past重点词汇讲解 牛津译林版必修3.docVIP

u3 重点词汇讲解 1. destroy (destroyed, destroyed)v. 破坏 注意该词与ruin, damage 等词的区别：destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。 ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性；也可用于引申意义， 特指抽象意义中珍贵美好的事物。如 ruin ones future, ruin ones career。该词做名词时，注意下列搭配：fall into ruin (崩溃)，be in ruins (在废墟中)。 damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果，但仍可修复。可用作名词，常用词组do/cause damage to。 例如：(1) the building was completely destroyed by the fire. 大火完全毁掉了这幢大楼。(2) the repairman tried to repair the car which was damaged in an accident. 修理工试图修复在事故中被损坏的车子。(3) the earthquake did a lot of damage to the city. 地震对城市造成了巨大的损失。(4) it rained for 3 days, which ruined my holiday. 雨下了三天，把我的假期毁掉了2. remains1) n. 剩余物 (1) she fed the remains of her dinner to the cat. 她用剩余的饭菜喂猫。同时，该词还能表示“遗址”和“遗体”。例如：(2) the archeologist discovered the remains of an ancient culture. 考古学家发现了一处古文明遗址。(3) his remains were buried in westminster. 他的遗体被安放在威斯敏斯特大教堂。 应注意该词为复数形式，类似的词还有：ruins (废墟，遗址)，goods (货物)，riches（财富），arms (武器)，fireworks (烟火), wages（工资），sweets（糖果），crossroads（十字路口）等。 2) vi. 遗留、继续存在 (1) few villages remained after the flood.洪水过后，几乎没有村庄剩下。 (2) after the fire, very little remained of the temple. 火灾过后，寺庙所剩无几。 3) remain 为系动词，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等。 (1) he remained the leader after the election. 选举过后，他仍是领导。 (2) the place remains warm all winter. 这个地方整个冬天都很温暖。 (3) he remained sitting in the classroom after the examination. 考试后，他仍然坐在教室里。 4) 也可表示留待以后去看、去做、去说等。 (1) much remains to be done.还有很多事要做。 (2) it remains to be seen whether the decision is right or not. 该决定正确与否有待将来见分晓。3. flee (fled , fled) vt. /vi. 逃跑，逃避，迅速离开(1) the enemy fled in disorder. 敌军乱哄哄地逃跑了。 (2) the prisoner had already fled (from) the prison when the police arrived. 警察到的时候，犯人已经从监狱逃走了。注意与escape 的区别： flee指仓促逃走，通常带有紧急意味，侧重“逃”的动作本身；escape 除表示逃跑外，还能表示逃避惩罚、麻烦或不幸等事。如：(1) none of the criminals escaped punishment. 罪犯们一个也没有逃脱惩罚。(2) he narrowly escaped death. 他险些送命了。4. pour (1) thick black smoke was pouring out from the roof. 黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚而出。 (2) the rain is pouring down. 大雨倾盆而下。 (3) it never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。（指事情不发生则已，一旦发生便接踵而来。） 习惯用语：pour in 涌入，倒进 pour out 倾泻出来，将某物表达出来 pour cold water on 对泼冷水 pour oil on the flame 火上浇油5. declare 1) vt.“宣布、宣告、声明”，后接名词或从句。 (1) the next day, us president franklin roosevelt declared war against japan.第二天，罗斯福总统宣布对日作战。 (2) the chinese government declared a ban on plastic bags. 中国政府宣布禁止使用塑料带。 (3) the suspect declared that he was innocent. 该嫌疑犯声称自己是清白的。 2) 也可接复合宾语结构，宾语补足语可由形容词、不定式、分词等充当。如：(1) the suspect declared himself innocent. 该嫌疑犯声称自己是清白的。(2) they declared his story to be true. 他们声称他们的故事是真的。(3) the teacher declared mike chosen. 老师宣布迈克被选上了。3) 注意declare和announce的区别declare : 用于正式场合，指“正式宣布”，“郑重宣布”。announce：用于普通场合，指“宣布”，“使公开”，“在无线电、电视上主持介绍”。(1) they announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布订婚。(2) the captain announced that the plane would take off. 机长宣布飞机即将起飞。6. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的，察觉到的 常用词组：be aware of/ that 意识到，察觉到 (1) he was aware of the danger around him. 他意识到周围存在危险。 (2) he was aware that he was in danger. 他意识到自己处境危险。 aware 是表语形容词，前面不能用very 修饰，一般用well, quite等词修饰。如： (3) i am well / quite aware that smoking is bad for health. 我很清楚吸烟有害健康。 n. awareness raise the public awareness of environmental protection 提高环境保护意识7. take over1)接管，接收，接任 (take sth. over from sb.)(1) he expects to take over the business when his father retires. 他希望他父亲退休时，由他接管生意。比较：he expects that his father will hand over the business to him.他希望父亲能把企业传给他掌管。(2) would you like me to take over the driving for a while?你愿意让我接替你开会车吗？2) 拓展：take in 吸收，欺骗(1) dont be taken in by his promises for he never realizes them. 不要被他的承诺欺骗，他从来都不兑现。(2) they often drive to the countryside to take in the fresh air there.他们经常开车到乡村吸收新鲜空气。3) take on 雇佣，呈现，承担(1) china has taken on a new look since its reform 自改革以来，中国呈现出新的面貌。(2) i feel honored to take on the role as a volunteer. 能担任志愿者的工作，我感到很荣幸。(3) the supermarket took on extra workers during vacations. 超市在节假日雇佣更多的工人。4) take off 起飞，脱下（衣帽），事业腾飞(1) his career has taken off since he got the first gold medal. 自他得到第一块金牌后，他的事业就开始腾飞了。5) take up 占据，从事，开始(1) after retirement my grandfather took up photography as a hobby. 退休后，我爷爷喜欢上了摄影。(2) the huge bed took up half of the rooms space.床占了房间一半的空间。6) take down 记下，取下(1) the students took down what the teacher said in class. 学生们记下了老师所说的话。7) take back 收回（所说的话），退回（某物）(1) if you refuse to take back what you said, i will never forgive you. 如果你不收回你所说的话，我定不原谅你。8) take after 相像 (1) in looks she takes after her father. 他在相貌上和他父亲长得很像。8. in memory of 纪念 he wrote a poem in memory of his dead wife. 他为亡妻写了一首诗，以示纪念。 归纳类似结构短语： in hope of 满怀希望 in search of 搜寻 in honor of 为了纪念 in need of 需要 in place of 代替 in favor of 支持9. no doubt 无疑，确实 no doubt taiwan is part of china. 台湾确实属于中国。 (1) i doubt whether/ if/ there is some doubt whether/ if. (2) there is no doubt that/ i have no doubt that/ i dont doubt that i doubt if / whether she will pass the driving test. 对于她是否能通过驾照考试，我表示怀疑。 i dont doubt/ i have no doubt that i will succeed. 毋庸置疑，我一定能够胜利。习惯用语：beyond doubt 毫无疑问 without doubt 无疑10. come down with i think im coming down with flu. 我想我得了流感。 come down：流传 the poem came down to us from the last century. 这首诗从上世纪开始流传。拓展： come up with 找到答案、想到解决方法 come about 发生 come out 发芽，出版，结果是 come across 偶尔遇见或发现 come along 快点，来吧 come to 总计；达到 (1) how come you failed in the exam? 你怎么会不及格的？(2) all good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的宴席。练习一、首字母填空完成句子。 1. the time bomb _, but fortunately nobody was injured.2. this city was believed to have been g_ covered by sandstorm. 3. mount vesuvius hasnt e_ for many years. 4. the colonies d_ their independence from england. 5. the earthquake left the whole town in r_. 6. they d_ the room with flowers and balloons. 7. in memory of the soldiers who devoted their lives to their country a national m_ was built. 8. i was f_ to catch todays last train to shanghai at the last minute. 9. it is generally accepted that the chinese c_ is one of the oldest in the world. 10. the spy stole secret government d_ and thus caused a diplomatic friction（摩擦） between the two countries.二、根据中文填空完成句子。1. 由于还有很多工作有待完成，他没有时间休息。with a lot of work _ _ _ _, he could spare no time for a rest.2粗心毁了他的前途。 a careless mistake _ _ _.3. 过了好几分钟，我才意识到发生了什么事。it was several minutes before i _ _ _what was happening. 4. 在美国内战期间，许多黑奴奋起反抗残暴的奴隶主。during the american civil war, many black slaves _ _ _ their cruel masters. 5. 他脾气暴躁，不听人劝告，你最好不要去阻碍他。he is bad-tempered and wont listen to anybody, so youd better not _ _ _ _.6. 他死之后，他的妻子接管了生意。when he died, his wife _ the business.7. 他成立了慈善会来纪念他去世的妻子。he founded the charity _ _ _ his lost wife.8. 我们到达上海机场登上了去北京的飞机。we arrived at shanghai airport and went _ _ a caac plane for beijing. 9. 毋庸置疑，今年的冬天一定是多年来最冷的。 _ _ it is the coldest winter for many years. 10. 这项工作比我们预想得要难。 the job _ _ to be more difficult than we expected.三、选词语填空完成句子。pour flee remains destroy in memory of take over be aware of declare open come down with no doubt 1. its hard to imagine how this quiet volcano _ the whole city! 2. many german scientists _ to america in the second war.3. he threw away the _ of a meal in the trash. 4. tears _ down her cheeks when she was scolded by the teacher.5. a monument will be set up _ victims in the earthquake.6. they _ our company by buying up shares.7. he _ the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.8. the chairman _ the meeting _.9. you must be hungry after your journey. _ youd like something to eat. 10. mike _ a cold and asked for a two-day leave.四、用所给词语编写故事。(起码要用上8个所给单词或词组，故事情节不限。)pour flee remains destroy declare ruinin memory of take over be aware of/that come down with no doubt key一、 首字母填空完成句子1. exploded 2. gradually 3. erupted 4. declared 5. ruins 6. decorated 7. memorial 8. fortunate 9. civilization 10. documents二、根据中文填空完成句子1. remaining to be done 2. ruined his future 3. was aware of 4. rose up against 5. stand in his path 6. took over 7. in memory of 8. on board 9. no doubt 10. turned out三、选词语填空完成句子1. destroyed 2. fled 3. remains 4. poured 5. in memory of 6. took over 7. is aware of 8. declared open 9. no doubt 10. came down with四、用所给词语编写故事。as a genius at doing business, this young man, mike, had just taken over his fathers company. his girlfriend, cathy was a born beauty, who was a famous singer. there was no doubt that they were really well matched. nobody in the world would have guessed