江苏省句容市天王中学八年级英语下册 Unit 8 A green world单元知识梳理 （新版）牛津版.doc

unit 8welcome to the unit1. willbe done 为被动语态的一般将来时e.g. the work will be finished in two weeks. will the meeting be held in two days?2. dig作动词, 为重读闭音节词,现在分词为digging, 过去式和过去分词为dug. e.g. who dug this hole in the street?3. serious作形容词, 其副词形式为seriously, 其比较级为more serious, 最高级为most serious, 其常见短语为be serious about sth.e.g. my father is very serious about his work. dont serious, boy. this is serious.4. reduce作动词,其反义词为increase. reduce to 意为”减少到”, reduce by意为”减少了”. e.g. we can reduce his speech to three sentences. as a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90.5. turn off 意为”关闭”, 为turn+副词构成的短语, 代词作宾语放在中间.e.g. the lights a bit too harsh, you can turn it off. please turn off the computer. you have played it for a long time.6. cause作动词, cause后接双宾语, cause sb sth= cause sth to sb.e.g. he caused his parents much trouble.= he caused much trouble to his parents. it caused him much anxiety.= it caused much anxiety to him.7. wise 作形容词, 其名词形式是wisdom. 副词形式为wisely.e.g. she has the air of a wise women. you are a wise old man, please tell me what to do. reading 1. separate 作动词, 意为”分开, 隔开”. separate from 是指把和分离e.g. nothing can separate them from each other now.separate into 指把分成不同部分.e.g. we are separated into four groups. 2. allow的常见用法如下: (1) allow (doing) sth允许做某事 e.g. the facts allow no other explanation. we dont allow eating in the classroom. (2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 e.g. my parents dont allow me to go out at night. (3) allow sb sth 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间); 让某人有(拥有或带有)某物. e.g. well allow you time to answer. i will allow you 10off the price if you pay now.3. punish作动词, 其名词形式为punishment, 常见短语为punish sb for (doing) sth因为(做)某事惩罚某人.e.g. their teacher punished them for their rudeness. i have a mind to punish you for stealing cookies.4. depend作动词, 常见短语为depend one.g. we cant depend on our parents all the time. your future depends on how hard you work.5. run out意为”用完,耗尽”, 为不及物动词词组, 没有被动语态.e.g. his money soon ran out.6. produce作动词, 其名词形式为production.e.g. hard work produces success. who says europe cannot produce internet giants?7. difference 作名词, 其形容词形式为different, 其常见短语为make a difference(to sb/sth), (对)有影响, 起作用. e.g. it wont make a difference whether you go today or tomorrow. we can make a difference if we work hard for a long time.grammar(一) 被动语态的一般将来时的基本结构:(1)被动语态的一般将来时的肯定式为: shall/will/be going to+be+done(shall用于第一人称; will用于各种人称).e.g. we shall be punished if we break the rule. the new film will be shown next thursday. some old buildings are going to be put down.(2) 被动语态的一般将来时的否定结构为: shall/will+not(可缩写为shant/wont)+be+done或be not going to be done.the problem isnt going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.(3)被动语态的一般将来时的一般疑问句需将shall/will/be提到主语的前面(回答用yes或no)e.g. will the work be finished at once? -yes, it will.(4) 被动语态的一般将来时的特殊疑问句结构为: 特殊疑问词+shall/will+主语+be+done? 或特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to be done?e.g. when will these books be published?(二) 被动语态的一般将来时的用法:(1) 被动语态的一般将来时同它的主动语态一样,强调根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作.e.g. the new film will be shown next thursday.(2) 在时间,条件状语从句中, 常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态.e.g. when the dam is completed, the yangtze river will be controlled. if i am given enough time, i will go to japan for my holiday.integrated skills 1. survey作名词, 常见短语为do a survey on. 做一个关于的调查e.g. the results of the survey made fascinating reading. here is a survey on students activities.2. when doing sth相当于从句为现在进行时态e.g. dont talk with others when eating things. =dont talk with others when you are eating things.3.to help protect the environment为不定式短语作目的状语. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语, 主要用来修饰动词, 表示某一动作或状态的目的. 为了使目的更加清楚或强调意义时, 还可以在动词前面加in order to 或so as toe.g. ive written it down (in order) to remember. he shouted and waved (so as) to be noticed.4. harmful作形容词, 其动词或名词形式为harm, 固定短语为be harmful to 对有害.e.g. eating junk food is harmful to you. watching too much tv is harmful to your eyes.5. in place 意为”在正确的位置”e.g. there are no policies in place to achieve this. by this week, all these things were in place.study skillstask1. not onlybut also意为”不但而且”, 可以连接并列的主语, 谓语, 宾语, 宾补或表语等.e.g. not only i but also tom and mary are fond of watching television. light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.2. form作动词,常见短语为form into, 意为”使成为,使组成”e.g. a cloud of smoke formed over the burning factory. the volunteers formed themselves into three groups.3. reuse作动词, 其词根为use使用e.g. please reuse your envelopes. its important for us to reuse paper.加前缀re-构成的单词return reappear rebirth rebuild recall remind recount recover redo reform relive remake 4.simple作形容词, 同义词为easy, 反义词为hard 或difficult.e.g. its very simple, you can work it out. i always think of the simple pleasures of childhood.5. step作名词, 常见短语有step by step一步一步地, take steps采取措施e.g. i followed her, five steps behind. we should learn things step by step. its time to take steps now.6. “祈使句+and+一般将来时/含情态动词的陈述句”为固定句型, 意为”如果你你就会”, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句.e.g. study hard, and you will succeed.=if you work hard, youll succeed. come to the party, and you can enjoy yourselves.八年级下册unit 8词汇过关 （词的各类变形，构词，归类等）1挖（洞，沟等）vivt 18导致, 产生 vt. 2认真的，严肃的 adj adv. 19差异, 不同(之处) n. 3减少，降低 vt.vi. 20海报 n. 4循环利用 vt. n. 21展示,陈列 vivt. 5明智的adj. adv. 22污染 vt. n. 6塑料 n. 23伤害, 损害 vt. adj. 7分开,隔开 vivt . 24活着的, 活的 adj. 8允许 vt. 25调查 n. 9处罚, 惩罚 vt n. 26空的 adj. 10罚款 vt. 27灰尘, 尘土 n. 11限制 vt. 28土壤 n. 12依靠, 依赖, 指望 vi. 29煤 n. 13丰富的, 富有的 adj. 30石油, 原油, 食用油 n. 14资源 n. 31气体, 煤气 n. 15形成 vivt . 32粗心地adv. adj. 16再使用 vt. 33简单的 adj. adv. 17步骤, 措施 n. 34电力, 力量 n. 八年级下册unit 8 必背短语no.englishchinese1reduce air pollution减少空气污染2take showers洗澡3protect the environment保护环境4cut down trees砍倒树木5be fined by the police被警察罚款6rich resources丰富的资源7produce