最近复习英语的时候总结了一些实用短语.doc

Ill let that comment slide. 我就当没听到这个回答。(一般来说当听到自己心情好的话时，或者对方不回答不正确时，就会用这句话。)A. who can tell me what happened to the widows or widowers in the early 1800s?B: I expect they died single.A: Ill let that comment slide.Get a rise out of you 激怒Im not trying to get a rise out of you. Im simply saying that these changes to the traditional role of marriage like you mentioned are not new.Take sb by surprise 让某人吃惊I cant believe it. Youre really taking me by surprise.真是难以置信，你的话真令我吃惊。In the dark 一无所知I thought marriages have been decreasing steadily throughout time. I guess Im in the dark about marriage.Under the impression 在印象中A:I was under the impression that marriages lasted forever a long time ago.B: Dont worry, youre not alone. Many people are under that same impression.没关系，你不是唯一持这种说法的人。More often than not经常地More often than not, the cause was the early death of either the husband or wife.A far cry (from)相当大的差异Keep in mind that living standards, household and public sanitation and health were a far cry from what we have now.Go on 继续。Many widows and widowers went on to remarry.Sit on the fence保持中立In my opinion, both sides are correct, but its hard to sit on the fence with an issue like this.依我看来，两种观点都有道理Cut and dried 事先准备的，枯燥无味的This is not a cut and dried issue. Lets take our time and take a look at what some of the experts say.Bear in mind v.记住=keep in mindBear in mind that this is work in progress.leave out v. 省去, 遗漏, 不考虑rule out v 划去, 排除, 取消single out挑选scissors and paste剪刀加浆糊, 无创造性的工作It is imperative not to turn your job into a “ scissors and paste” mosaic ofother peoples words and evidence.at length最后, 详细地= in detailNor should you quote verbatim at length, even if you acknowledge the original author.knock down击倒Knocking down a feebly-made case (“a straw horse”) is not particularly impressive.skate over掠过, 滑过That author is skating over the surface of the question.at all cost ( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何There is an academic tradition of avoiding the word “I” at all costs, as if using it jeopardizes academic detachment.put forth放出, 发表, 颁布, 提出Some zoologists and microbiologists have put forth a “Three R Solution” to this debate: replacement, reduction and refinement.At a time每次, 在某时At one time同时, 曾经 At times有时, 不时keep up with跟上Youre really keeping up with the latest information.cross fingers交叉手指(迷信希望带来好运)Lets keep our fingers crossed that one day we wont need to use animals.Left up to 从。到。Everything from the setting to the character descriptions is left up to the readers mind, and therefore can be quite enjoyable.从背景到人物性格描绘的所有一切都可以出现在读者的脑海中，因而可以非常有趣。cut down to size降低威望Our contemporary emphasis on relevance, usefulness, and innovation-as opposed to lasting values-all of these trends have cut idealism down to size.do laps/go for a dip游泳There are several times a day you can go for a dip I would like to do laps a couple of times a week if possible.get hold of 抓住, 得到As all of you know, all living things need resources to survive, whether for food or to provide shelter. Humans are just very good at getting hold of them.as to 关于, 至于Do any of you have an idea as to what percentage of the worlds important fish stocks are already overexploited? 大家知道实际重要的鱼类资源中有百分之多少被过渡利用了吗？as if 1.adv 好象2. conj. 似乎，仿佛：As if that werent enough, the commercial bushmeat rare takes many rare wild species for luxury food.Bushmeat means the meat of forest animals such as gorillas, elephants and chipanzees.3. 相当于that：It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了put the brake on 口对.加以延缓, 缩减, 限制How can we put the brakes on this kind of runaway exploitation of our resources?We need to get serious about trade restrictions, and fine those countries that trade in rare animals parts.Thats certainly been tried, but has it done much to reduce the traffic?(注意表达方式)The same goes for.对什么来说也是同样的。注意goes可以被替换，只要依据前面一个句子的动词。If you catch fish faster than they can reproduce, there will be no fish for anybody to use in the future. The same goes for forests.carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行this is how they learn new practical skills and they can practice them immediately while carrying out their chores.Stay in touch with sb 与某人联系Im sure most of you stay in touch with your friends using your cell phones.By leaps and bounds 飞跃地，非常快的Mobile phones have come a long way since their introduction and have advanced by leaps and bounds in regard to technology.In regard to sth与某事/物有关的Regarding 关于。Another controversial issue regarding mobile phones is whether drivers should be able to talk on the phone.Put aside 撇开, 储存.备用Set aside 留出, 不顾, 取消, 驳回hook up 勾结：形成某种联系或纽带In Korea, many phones nowadays can even be hooked up to a small mobile TV. over time随着时间的过去,同样的：over the years, monthsUsers of cell phones have also increased markedly over the years.back up支持, 倒退,Scientists back up this belief because they have known for many years that radio waves can cause heating of the skin and affect cells in the nervous system.due to adv.由于, 应归于(后面一般跟的原因)Due to these complaints, safety guidelines for working with powerful radio waves have been introduced.They were unwilling to call the mobile phones ”safe” due to the need for more research.为了。的需要as a resultadv. 结果As a result, the radio waves they emit are minimal. Although it is not specifically connected with any health issues, people are still concerned.by and large adv.大体上, 基本上By and large, studies have shown that mobile phones do not place adults at risk, unless they are driving and talking on the phone at the same time. Place sb at risk 把某人置于危险in order to +动词, 为了。In order to satisfy critics who still think that mobile phones emit an excessive level of radio waves, the hands-free phone has gained support.学对比：The hands-free phone has many benefits including the decrease in strength of radio wave radiation due to the increase in distance of your head to the handset.（写英语主要讲究平衡，学会平衡写作很重要:)）rather than 两个用法这个有很多人把它和rather混淆用，俺在给别人改作文的时候发现好几次，所以把这个也归纳在内了。1、conj.（连接词）而不是，而非：Rather than holding your mobile against your ear, which increases your exposure to radio waves, you can now place it in your lap and still talk to someone with an ear-piece cable.2. prep.介词）= Instead of: Diseases in which the immune system plays the villain rather than the protector(注意后面是跟的名词或动名词，且平衡)对比这一种Rather的用法(注意后面跟的是动词，和前面的work是平衡的):He had to walk or rather run to the office. 他得走着-应该说是跑着-去上班.Rather（adv.）的用法：1. 宁可：更愿意地；较合意地：I would rather go to the movies.（后面直接跟的动词，没有TO哦）2. 更确切地；更精确地: Hes my friend, or rather he was my friend.(后面跟的句子)3. (通常表示批评、 失望或惊奇) 在一定程度上(用於形容词和副词之前):Were having rather cold weather for June. 在六月里, 这样的天气未免有点冷.4. 用於比较级之前: This hotel is rather more expensive than that. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多.5. 用於too之前: The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习未免太难了6. 或多或少; 有几分; 相当地: I rather suspect were making a big mistake. 我有些怀疑我们可能犯了个大错.7. 用以提出更确切的说法: I worked as a secretary, or rather, a typist. 我担任秘书工作, 说得准确些是打字员（rather可作插入语，后面也可以跟名词）.In denial adv.否认Both the sufferer and the caregiver are often in denial. 患者和照顾他们的人都经常否认。So 后面跟倒装句子的用法之一：These lines are information highways and when they disappear, so does short-term and then long-term memory（后面一部分的内容是和these lines相对应的）. 这些线是信息的通路，如果它们消失了，短期的记忆就会消失，然后长期的记忆也会消失。While genetic propensity has a lot to do with chances of outwitting this life stalking disease, so do mental and physical habits, all through life, but more so in mid-life.(同样的，mental and physical habits 与genetic propensity相对应)遗传因素对战胜威胁人类的这种疾病的可能性有很大关系，但是一生中特别是中年时期的精神上、身体上的习惯也十分重要。more so更是这样, 尤其如此关于强调的表达法之一：Dementia is a cruel, cruel disease where the individual is still in a healthy body, but not of a healthy mind.注意这里的cruel用法，和where的用法（不是which）Imagine 的小用法（用在句首）Imagine not having a mind, not remembering where one was one instant and what happened a nanosecond ago.想象一下，如果大家没有大脑，有一瞬间不记得在哪里，刚刚发生了什么事情也不知道。Liken sth to sth把.比作One gerontologist likened it to living in a room with no doors and no windows, no escape, no sense of time. A mental prison, the sufferer, is often oblivious too because he or she cant remember.Take heart振作,鼓起勇气But take heart, the brain is a muscle and studies prove that like that other vital muscle, the heart, the brain also thrives on daily exercise and proper diet. 但是鼓起勇气。研究表明，大脑是肌肉，象心脏这样重要的器官一样，大脑也因日常锻炼和适当的饮食而生长。Boomer generation 生育高峰期一代的人This could explain why todays boomer generation is busy doing mental workouts like crossword puzzles and playing bridge, as much as theyre jogging and counting carbohydrates. Its mind over matter.这就解释了为什么当今“生育高峰期出生的一代”忙于玩纵横字谜和打桥牌来进行智力运动，就像他们时常慢跑和测定碳水化合物量一样。精神很重要。as much asadv. 差不多（后面可以跟句子）as well asadv. 也, 又 （后面只能跟名词成分，不能跟句子）on the flip way 另一方面=on the other handreceive dialogue很多争论Much like discrimination, freedom of speech can be seen as a controversial issue and receives a lot of dialogue.Be taken for granted被认为是理所当然的In democratic societies such as America, Canada and Europe, freedom of speech is sometimes taken for granted, but is still held sacred by law.hold sacred 尊重, 保护with a show of hand举手表明With a show of hands, how many people here like sports?Relate to与。有关系The report relates high wages to/with labor shortages该报告把工资高和劳动力短缺联系起来了。Be related to sb 与。有关系（属于同一家族的）He is related to her by marriage 他与她是姻亲Due 的形容词性用法1欠债的；欠付的 ：the amount still due. 欠付的款额2适当的：符合权力，惯例或礼貌的；due esteem; all due respect. 应有的评价；全部应有的尊敬3满足特别要求的；充分的：We have due cause to honor them. 我们有充分的理由给予他们荣誉4预定的，约定的Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达5被期望的；a long due promotion. 盼望已久的提升作表语:6.应支付; 应给予; 欠下: (to sb)Have they been paid the money due to them? 他们是否已得到了应得的钱?7. 应有; 应得到be for sth Shes due for promotion soon. 她不久就要晋升了.8. be to sth/sb由某人某事物引起的; The teams success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由於她的努力.9. 须立即支付; 到期My rent isnt due till Wednesday. 我的租金星期叁才到期10. 预定; 约定; 预期: be (to do sth) His book is due to be published in October. 他的书预定十月份出版.in due course adv. 及时地, 在适当时 Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当时机予以处理.due to adv. 由于, 应归于=because of /owing toDue to/Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late. 因交通拥挤, 他迟到了.In accordance with 与什么一致fall within属于，该当Recently there has been controversy surrounding the statue as the state of New Jersey has argued that the statue actually falls within its boundaries rather than those of neighboring New York State.as such adv.同样的Each tornado is unique and as such they are never the same size but on average they are between 130-170 meters wide and can travel up to 90 kilometers per hour.Lag behind落在后面slack off松懈If I see a co-worker of mine slacking off, I might begin to think to my self.slip ones mind忘记conjure up 召唤Everyone knows the game of bingo, right? Im sure it conjures up all kinds of ideas such as smoky halls with bad fluorescent lighting.in a sense 在某种意义上In a sense, welfare is correct, but your explanation is way out in left field.way out in left field.忽略了另一个领域go beyond v. 超出This sector, accounting for 6 percent of all jobs in Europe, is made up of firms and organizations that have goals that go beyond making money.take a turn for the worse变坏, 恶化The already gloomy public mood took a turn for the worse when the Soviets placed the first man in orbit in 1961Stand in the way of 妨碍,阻住.的路Stand out 站出来, 突出, 坚持抵抗Stand up for v. 支持stick around v. 逗留, 坚持工作stick with 口坚持做(某事)swoop down onv. 猛扑向switch gears，改变主题And now class, lets switch gears and discuss a different topictake the air 到户外take the chair做主席, 主持会议, 开会take the field开始作战, 开始比赛take the floor美(在会议上)发言teem with v. 充满than meets the eye一眼看不出来的there is more the windows than meets the eyetheres nothing holding us