江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（15）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（15）及答案解析(2011黄冈适应性考试，b)a few months before i was born, my dad met a stranger who was new to our small town. from the beginning, dad was fascinated with this enchanting newcomer and soon invited him to live with our family. the stranger was quickly accepted and was around to welcome me into the world a few months later.as i grew up, i never questioned his place in my family. in my young mind, he had a special position. my parents were complementary instructors：mom taught me the words, and dad taught me to obey them. but the stranger. he was our storyteller. he would keep us spellbound for hours on end with adventures, mysteries and comedies.if i wanted to know anything about politics，history or science，he always knew the answers about the past, understood the present and even seemed able to predict the future! he made me laugh, and he made me cry. the stranger never stopped talking, but dad didnt seem to mind.i now know that my early concepts about relationship were influenced strongly by the stranger. time after time, he opposed the values of my parents, yet he was seldom blamed.and never asked to leave.more than fifty years have passed since the stranger moved in with our family. he has blended right in and is not nearly as fascinating as he was at first. still, if you were to walk into my parents room today, you would still find him sitting over in his corner, waiting for someone to listen to him talk and watch him draw his pictures. his name?we just call him.“tv”he has a younger sister now. we call her“computer”作者以生动形象的拟人手法描述了电视对自己的影响。5when the stranger came to live with our family, he was _.a. ingnored by the children b. driven away for no reasonc. abandoned because it was too noisy d. accepted by every family member答案：d。事实细节题。由首段尾句可知答案。6the stranger can do all the following things except that he can _.a. tell us some funny stories b. reject our proposalsc. influence the childrens character d. predict the future答案：b。事实细节题。由第3段内容可知电视具有a、c、d项所说的功能，而不能“拒绝建议”，故按题意要求选b。7the underlined word“spellbound” in paragraph 2 most probably means _.a. concentrated b. puzzled c. fascinated d. astonished答案：c。词义猜测题。由第2段尾句语境“数小时连续地看冒险故事、神秘故事和喜剧”可知应是“沉迷于，对着迷的”，故答案为c。倒数第3段第2句中的fascinating也是暗示。本题易误选a，但是如果注意一下后面的介词就可排除，因为concentrate和on搭配。8what can we learn from the last three paragraphs of the passage?a. the computer is more advanced and has gained greater popularity.b. old as he is，we like the stranger best.c. the tv set is out of fashion and often breaks down.d. we decide to throw the tv set away immediately.答案：a。推理判断题。文章中提到电视伴随我们五十年，而现在它有了一个年轻的妹妹那就是电脑，说明了产品已推陈出新，暗示了电脑更先进更受人们青睐，故答案为a。c(2011海淀第二学期期末，c)job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. the two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. if they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits.job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. as would be expected, most job sharers are women. a survey carded out in 1988 by britains equal opportunities commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. subsequent studies have come up with similar results. many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence.the necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. however，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. in sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.本文讲述了“job sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。9in what way is work sharing different from job sharing?a. work sharing requires more working hours.b. work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.c. work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.d. work sharing depends on the employers decision.答案：b。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs.”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。10according to paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because _.a. they sought higher social statusb. they were over ideal working agesc. they had difficulty finding fulltime jobsd. they had to take care of both work and family答案：a。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选a。11in job sharing the partners should _.a. enjoy equal social status b. have similar work experiencec. keep in touch with each other d. know each other very well答案：d。事实细节题。由尾段后半段的内容可知d项正确。12the main purpose of the passage is to_.a. describe job sharing in generalb. discuss how to provide more jobsc. recommend job sharing to womend. compare job sharing with work sharing答案：a。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选a。(2011合肥第二次质检，d)you are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a harvard degree? or that you finished an extra couple of years back at state university?more and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. for personnel officers, like most americans, value degress from famous schools. a job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. registrars(学籍管理员)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. it turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. one ivy league school refers to them as “special cases”. one wellknown west coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”to avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. after careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. it may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. one school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow.if you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. one company, with offices in new york and on the west coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. the price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “smoot state university”. the prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “university of purdue”. as there is no smoot state and the real school in indiana is properly called purdue university, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份好工作和职位而造假。13the writer mainly wants to tell us that _.a. college degrees can now be purchased easily b. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsc. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problemd. employers are no longer interested in applicants actual performances答案：c。主旨大意题。总览文章可知c项为本文主旨。14as used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means _.a. thorough b. carefulc. imcomplete d. spoken 答案：a。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deception(欺骗)及其后的解释“学历造假”，再结合文章主旨可推出a项正确。thorough彻底的。15once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _.a. keep the records of themb. drive them out of collegec. avoid direct conflicts with themd. accuse them of such behaviors 答案：c。推理判断题。由第三段中的“.most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”和下面给出的例子可推断出c项正确。16we can learn from the passage that _.a. us employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universitiesb. university of purdue and purdue university are the same schoolc. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in us easilyd. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities 答案：a。事实细节题。由第二段第二句“for personnel officers, like most americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知a项正确。由尾段可知b、d错误；c项在文中没有信息支持。 c82013浙江卷 c the baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. during the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. after a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). during the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. the harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. if the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. however, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. why is cloth preferable to bare wire? something that the harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. according to the harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. if the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. it screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. if its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. after a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? a. warmth. b. milk. c. contact. d. trust. 51after the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. a. larger in size b. closer to them c. less frightening and less disturbing d. more comfortable to rub against 52what does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？a. attention. b. softness. c. confidence. d. interest. 53it can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. a. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysb. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsc. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingd. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54the main purpose of the passage is to _. a. give the reasons for the experimentb. present the findings of the experimentc. introduce the method of the experimentd. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50a考查细节理解。从文章第一段“during the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选a项。51d考查推理判断。从第三段“why is cloth preferable to bare wire？baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选d项。 52c考查细节理解。从第三段“prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此c项是最佳答案。53d考查推理判断。从最后一段“if its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.it then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以d项正确。54b 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以b项为最佳答案。c82013北京卷 dmultitaskingpeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. the findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. and “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said david sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the university of utah.sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. they then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. but those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. they also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“people multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” sanbonmatsu said.adam gazzaley, a researcher at the university of california, san francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.the findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “people who