江西省宜中学高中英语《Unit2 Working the land 第六课时语法》导学案（无答案）新人教版必修4 (2).doc

第四册第二单元第六课时 语法grammar：动词-ing形式作主语和宾语考点一 动词-ing形式的基本用法动词-ing形式具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。本单元主要学习动词-ing作主语和宾语的用法。考点二 动词-ing形式作主语的用法1)动词-ing作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：painting is his hobby 绘画是他的爱好。2)动词-ing形式作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。但不定式作主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如：it is no use talking without doing光说不做没有用。its so hotwhat l want to do now is to have a swim in a river天这么热，现在我想做的事就是在河里游泳。考点三 动词-ing形式作宾语的用法1)有些动词或动词短语后常用动词-ing形式作宾语。如admit，appreciate，avoid，stand(忍受)，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，imagine，escape，excuse，suggest，feel like，finish，forgive，mention，mind，miss，practise，get down to，give up，devoteto，insist on，keep(on)，look forward to，pay attention to，put off，stick to，be accustomed to=be used to(习惯于)，等等。2)在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit+名词代词+不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。如：they advise solving the problem in this way他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。we dont allow anybody to smoke here我们不允许任何人在这儿吸烟。3)动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动词-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：the window needsrequireswants cleaning窗户需要擦了。the window needsrequireswants to be cleaned窗户需要擦了。4)在begin，start，continue，intend后用动词+ing形式和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。5)动词forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try, be used to，cant help后跟动词-ing形式和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget，regret，remember后跟动词-ing形式表示“已经发生的动作”；跟不定式表示“将要发生的动作”。试比较下面几组例句：i forgot to post the letter我忘了寄这封信。(信没有寄出)i forgot posting the letter我忘了这封信已经寄出了。(信已经寄出，但我忘记了)i regret to tell you that his father died我很遗憾地告诉你他的父亲死了。i regret having done such a thing我后悔做了这样的事。go on后跟动词-ing形式表示“继续做原来做的事”；跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。如：go on reading lesson three；继续读第三课。(刚才读的就是第三课)go on to read lesson three接着读第三课。(刚才也许读的是第二课或者在干别的事)mean后跟动词-ing形式表示“意味着要做某事”；跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。如：accepting the job means living abroad接受这个工作就意味着在国外居住。i didnt mean to start an argument我并不想展开辩论。stop后跟动词-ing形式表示“停止做某事”；跟不定式表示“停下来(别的事)开始做某事”。如：we stopped talking我们停止了说话。we stopped to talk我们停下来开始说话。try后跟动词-ing形式表示“试着做某事”；跟不定式表示“努力做某事”。cant help后跟动词-ing形式表示“禁不住做某事”；跟不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”。be used to后跟动词-ing形式表示“习惯于做某事”；跟不定式表示“被用来做某事”。如：he tried climbing the tall tree他试着爬那棵大树。he tried to climb the tall tree他努力要爬上那棵大树。after hearing the story，we couldnt help laughing听完这个故事，我们忍不住大笑起来。im sorry that i cannot help you to finish the task很抱歉，我不能帮你完成这个任务。he has been used to getting up early他已经习惯早起。wood is used to make paper木材被用来造纸。考点四 动词-ing形式的复合结构动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：形容词性物主代词+动词-ing；名词s+动词-ing；代词宾格+动词-ing；名词+动词-ing。如：hisjacks not getting to the staten on time made all of us worried他杰克没准时到火车站使得我们都很担心。do you mind mymejacksjack leaving now?你介意我杰克现在离开吗?考点五 动词-ing形式的时态形式在时态上，动词-ing有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动词-ing表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用动词-ing的一般式；当动词-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用动词-ing的完成式。如：i enjoy playing football我喜欢踢足球。(playing表示的时间概念不明确)hes been used to going to bed late他已经习惯晚睡。(going to bed与has been used to同时发生)1m looking forward to seeing you soon我希望不久之后能看见你。(seeing发生在am looking forward to之后)1m sorry for not having kept my promise我对我没信守诺言而感到抱歉。(not having kept my promise发生在am sorry之前)考点六 动词-ing形式的语态形式在语态上，动词-ing有主动式(doing，having done)和被动式(being done，having been done)两种形式。如：he insisted on sending her to hospital他坚持要把她送到医院去。he insisted on being sent to work in the countryside他坚持要被派到乡下工作。活学活用1.lydia doesnt feel like abroadher parents are oldastudy bstudying cstudied dto study2.doing it like this means timedidnt mean itawasting; to do bto waste; doing cwaste; do dwasting; doing3.can you imagine him smoking?agive up bgiving up cgave up dto give up4.she looks forward every spring to the garden，where flowers line almost every laneawalk in bwalking cpay a visit to dvisiting5.my boss decided to put offthe meetingahold bheld cto hold dholding6.where is my passport? i remember it hereyou shouldnt have left it hereremember it with you all the time ato put；to takebputting；taking cputting；to take dto put：taking7.his room needs ，so he must have it apainting；paintedbpainted；painting cpainting；paintingdpainted；painted8. after finishing his homework he went on a letterto his parents awrite bwriting cwrote dto write9.the young trees we planted last week need with great care.alook after bto look aftercto be looked after dtaken good care of10.only english doesnt mean the language ato learn；to learn b1earning；learning c1earning about；learn d1earning about；learning用所给动词的适当形式填空11.the bird was lucky and it just missed (catch).12.i always prefer (start)early rather than (1eave) everything to the last minute13. (walk)is a good form of exercise for both men and women.14.while shopping women sometimes cant help (persuade)into buying more clothes than necessary15.what made jane so upset? (lose)the ring her husband bought her for her birthday16.once your business becomes international (fly) constantly will be a part of your life.17.do you think it of any use (argue)with him any more? we are wasting our time (try) to persuade him to giv