翻译--真题核心词组学习.doc_第1页
翻译--真题核心词组学习.doc_第2页
翻译--真题核心词组学习.doc_第3页
翻译--真题核心词组学习.doc_第4页
翻译--真题核心词组学习.doc_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩26页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

【五月特训】研英翻译真题核心词组学习(2001年)2001年考研英语翻译试题In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.(71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality puters with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1000 years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.(73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.(74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.(75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.2001年考研英语翻译 核心词组学习笔记pollution monitor 污染监测器 digital age 数字时代 be regarded as被当成是 piece together 拼合;汇聚;综合hundreds of 数以百计的 around the world 全世界 key breakthroughs and discoveries 重大突破与发现 take place 发生 point out 指出 lead to 导致 home appliances 家用电器 result in 导致 man-machine integration 人机一体化personality 个性,性格computers with in built personalities 个性内置的计算机rather than 而不是relaxation 休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣smell television 气味电视机digital age 数字化时代全文参考翻译 再过不到30年“星球旅行”太空平台将成为现实。大脑神经系统与计算机的直接连接也将创造出完全传感的实际环境,使得实际的度假和电影“全面回顾”中的度假一模一样。(71)届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。(72)儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视前休闲,这时数字时代就来到了。根据英国电讯公司的未来学家伊恩皮尔逊的看法,上述种种科研成就均属新千年的最初几十年内的开发项目之列,届时超级计算机将大大加快人类生活各个领域里的进步。(73)皮尔逊汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到达数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。一些最重大的开发将会发生在医学中,其中包括延长人的估计寿命和从现在到2040年间将投入使用的几十种人造器官。皮尔逊逊预言了电脑与人各种连接的突破。通过直接与我们的神经系统相连接,电脑能够了解到我们的感情并且有望激发我们的情感,这样我们就能着手开发完全传感的环境,更类似于电影“全面回顾”或“星球旅行”太空平台中的度假。(74)但皮尔逊指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”经过研究,皮尔迩确定可以预测到的大多数突破的日期。然而,仍然不能预报快于光速的旅行何时到来,或何时将完成克隆人,或何时可以实现遨游过去或将来的时间旅行。但皮尔逊确实预料到技术进步所引起的社会问题。例如,邻里电子监控摄像机的飞速推广将在2010年引起许多社会问题,而栩栩如生的人造机器人的问世将意味着人们可能无法把他们的真人朋友和这类机器人区别开来。(75)家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂躁。附赠:1991年考研英语翻译真题核心词组学习笔记 shut off 关上,停止,切断 in any case=at any rate 不管怎样,无论如何; in no case 决不 or so 大概,大约 at the rate of 以的速率 take time 花费时间 be likely to 可能;倾向于 result in 导致 not nearly 远不能;远非 head into 走向;陷入(危机) in the matter of 关于;就而言 makepossible 使成为可能 combinewith 把和结合起来;加上 in the fashion of 以方式 suchas 像一样 考研翻译评分标准详解(以2001年真题为例)英译汉评分标准说明 1如果句子译文扭曲原文意思,该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。 2如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法,若均正确,给分;若其中一种译法错误,不给分。 3汉语错别字,不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下,满三个错别字扣0.5分。 示例:2001年考研英译汉真题 In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.(71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality puters with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1000years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.(73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says. (74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.2001 年英译汉评分标准各句的分数段划分及实例如下: 71There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, / (1)1 分 and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them /when they offend. (2)1 分 (3)1 分 答案:届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。 (1)There will be robots 可接受译法: 将会有机器人主持的谈话/聊天/讨论/表演; 不可接受译法:将有被机器人安装的电视聊天节目; (hosted 错译扣1 分) (2)and cars them 可接受译法: 和有污染监控器装置的汽车;这些装置不可接受译法: 致使汽车失灵/无法运行/瘫痪/不能前进/不能开动/将阻止汽车开动 ;关系代词如指汽车,则扣1分; (disable 错译扣0.5分;them(指汽车)指代关系错译,如译成监控器,扣1分, 但本部分扣分最多不得超过1分。)(3)when they offend 可接受译法: 当汽车污染超量时。 不可接受译法: 当有污染监控器的汽车冒犯时。 (本段中offend 错译扣1 分) 整句示例 例1. 将有由机器人主持的电视闲谈节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。当汽车违反污染控制时;污染控制器将使汽车无法运转。(3 分) 例2. 将会有机器人主持的电视聊天节目产生,并且有带有污染监控器的汽车。在汽车违反规章时就会不能前进。(2 分) 例3. 将会出现被机器人控制的电视聊天节目,以及带有污染监控器的汽车在破坏环境时,使司机不能工作。(1 分) 72Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, (1)1 分 computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, (2)1 分 relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. (3)1 分答案:儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字化时代就来到了。 (1)Children will play . chips 可接受译法: 孩子们将与装有个性集成电路块的玩具娃娃玩; 不可接受译法: 孩子们将会玩装有集成电路块的有个人性格的玩偶; personality:“性格、个性”; 孩子们将要玩具有性格集成块的玩具; (dolls 译成“玩具”扣0.5 分; hips 译成“锌片”扣0.5 分; ersonality 译为“个人”扣0.5 分)(2)computers . tools 可接受译法: 带有内装个性的计算机将被认为是同事而不是工具; 不可接受译法: 内部装有人格化芯片的电脑将不会被看作工具而是被看作工作同伴;具有性格的计算机将被看作是同事而不是工具; (in-built 错译或漏译扣0.5 分); (3)relaxation will be . arrived (relaxation 译为“放松、休息、消遣、娱乐”均为可接受译法。) 休息时前面的计算机就会发出气味(扣1分);(本段译文基本意思正确,个别词错译或漏译均扣0.5 分。) 整句示例: 例1.孩子们将会与装有个生化集成电路片的玩偶玩耍,内装个性的电脑将被认为是工作同伴而不是工具,消遣将会在释放气味的电视机前进行,那就是说数字化时代就已到来。(3 分) 例2.孩子们将用装有人的性格的玩具玩,内装性格的计算机将被看作是同伴而不是工具,娱乐将出现在有气味的电视机前面,数字化时代将已到来。(2 分) 例3.孩子们能够与安装了人工智能的玩具玩,电脑一旦安装了个性程序,它将视为伙伴而不是工具,看有香味的电视的时代即将到来。(1 分) 73Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, (1)1 分 to produce a unique millenium technology calender that gives the lastest dates, (2)1 分 when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. (3)1 分 答案:皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。 (1)pieced together:可接受译法: 汇集;收集;综合;拼集在一起;召集/让在一起(工作)不可接受译法:拼凑;记载;整理;统计;组装;(扣0.5分) around the world:可接受译法: 世界各地,全世界;来自全世界 不可接受译法:周围世界;关于世界的;有关该领域的(扣0.5分)(2)unique:可接受译法: 独特的;独一无二的;唯一的 不可接受译法:统一的;天才的(扣0.5分) millennium technology calendar:可接受译法: 技术千年历;千年技术日历 不可接受译法:技术方案;科技日记/记录(扣0.5分) 入门技术计划;微型技术日历(扣0.5分) latest dates:可接受译法: 最近;迟日期 不可接受译法:最新时代特征;新的数据/材料;最新时期/信息(扣0.5分) (3)when: key breakthroughs: 当时(扣1分) 可接受译法: 重大突破;关键性突破不可接受译法:关键破解/难题(扣0.5分) 整句示例: 例1.未来学家皮尔森已将世界上数以百计的研究者的工作成果拼合起来,制成了独一无二的千年技术日历,它将给我们所能期望得到的几百个重要发现和突破发生的最近的日期。(3 分) 例2.皮尔森已将世界上成百科研者的工作综合起来,制成了一个独一无二的千年技术年历,给了我们一个最近日期,当我们能希望数百关键发现和突破不断出现。(2 分)例3.皮尔森把世界各地成百上千科研者的工作总集起来,产生一项技术,即当我们能希望找到百把钥匙并有所发现时,它能给出最新的数据。(1 分) 74But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration (1)1 分 It will be the beginning of the long process of integration (2)1 分 that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. (3)1 分 答案:皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。” (1)But that is . That 所指代的内容不译出扣0.5 分 . integration 可接受译法: 是人机综合的起点; 是人机集成的开端; 是人和机器结合的开始; 是人和机器结为一体的开端; 是人机集成技术的一个开端 不可接受译法:人造机器集成的开端; 这仅仅是人造机器人集成工艺的开始; 如果人造机器的研究开始; 那仅仅是人造机械一体化的开始; 这仅仅是人化机器整体的一个开端; 这仅仅是人机交流的开始; 这预测仅仅只是人类机器时代升级的开始; 这仅是人工机械系统的开始; (2)It will . of integration 可接受译法: 它将成为长期的综合过程的开始; 它将成为漫长的集成历程的开始; 这是一体化漫长过程的开端; 它将成为整体化长久过程的开端; 不可接受译法:这将是交流的长期过程的起始 (3)that will . next century 可接受译法: 这项技术将人机结合在下世纪末之前必将最终导致完全的电子人; 这种结合将在下个世纪结束前最终引起完全电子人的出现。 不可接受译法:将引导我们实现全电子人类; 将在下个世纪之前; 并将导致完全电子人类直到下个世纪末; “电子人”最终出现的时间可能是到下世纪末; 将会产生电子人类; 整句示例: 例1.但是,皮尔森指出这种进步仅仅是人和机器结合的开始:“人与机器的结合将是一个很长的进程,这只是一个开端,人机结合在下世纪末之前必要将最终导致完全电子人的出现。(3 分) 例2.但是,皮尔森指出,那仅仅是人机综合的起点:“它将成为长期的综合过程的开始,这个过程最终将引导我们在下个世纪末之前实现完全电子人类。(2 分) 例3.但是,人们也指出,如果人造机器的研究开始:“它将成为一个长时间研究的开始并将导致完全电子人类直到下世纪末。(1 分) 75. And home appliances will also become so smart (1)1 分 that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout (2)1 分 of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage (3)1 分 答案:家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂躁。 (1)home appliances: 可接受译法: 家庭电器;家用电器; 不可接受译法:家具、家庭设施;家用机器人; (注:没有翻出“电器”,扣0.5分。) (2)smart: 可接受译法: 聪明、有智慧; 不可接受译法:精巧、精细、精致;轻巧、轻松;便捷、漂亮、方便、迷人;敏锐、突出、简单轻松;精密;(注:smart 错译扣0.5分。) (3)breakout: 可接受译法: 爆发,出现;发作,发生; 不可接受译法:泛滥,突破,打破,开始;问世,破坏,发泄;变革;(注:breakout 错译扣0.5分。) (4)psychological disorder: 可接受译法: 心理混乱,心理不正常,心理失调;心理紊乱,心理错乱; 不可接受译法:心理失衡;心理不平衡;心理扭曲; (注:psychological disorder 错译扣0.5分。)(5)kitchen rage: 可接受译法: 厨房愤怒、厨房盛怒;厨房烦躁、厨房狂躁症;厨房生气、厨房火气;厨房怒气; 不可接受译法:厨房抑郁症、厨房危机;厨房生气了、厨房紊乱;厨房革命、厨房范围;厨房心态; (注:kitchen rage 错译扣0.5分。) 整句示例: 例1. 家用电器也将变得如此有智慧,以至于操作和控制它们将导致一种新的心理混乱的爆发厨房愤怒。(3 分) 例2.而且家庭用具也将变得这样灵敏,以至于控制和操作它们就会导致一种新的心理失衡的爆发即所谓的厨房火气。(2 分) 例3. 家庭供应也将变得如此精细,以致控制和操作它们将会导制新心理不正常的泛滥厨房。(1 分)【五月特训】研英翻译真题核心词组学习(2002年)2002年考研英语翻译试题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is a technology of behavior,but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.(61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.(62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure.It does not push or pull,it selects,and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.(63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned to states of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions,and a technology of behavior may therefore become available.It will not solve our problems,however,until it replaces traditional pre_scientific views,and these are strongly entrenched.Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.(64)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment.It also raises questions concerning“values”.Who will use a technology and to what ends?(65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2002年考研英语翻译 核心词组学习笔记behavior science 行为科学 human nature 人性 natural selction 自然选择 a little more than a hundred yeras 一百多年 what is called 所谓的in evolution 在演化中traceto 从寻找根源;从研究 state of mind 心态 and so on 诸如此类 partly becauseand partly because部分是因为部分是因为 be held responsible for被认为应该对负责be given credit for 为受到称赞 with it 随之全文参考翻译 我们遇到的几乎所有重要问题都涉及到人的行为,而且仅靠物理技术和生物技术是无法解决这些问题的。我们所需要的是一种行为技术,但是可能产生这种技术的科学一直发展缓慢。(61)难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学一度模仿类似的做法并且只有当它们抛弃这些做法后才得到发展。(62)行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。环境因素显然是重要的,但是它的作用仍然是模糊不清的。它既不推动也不阻碍行为科学的发展,它具有选择作用,因而这种作用是很难发现和分析的。(63)自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。然而,由于人(生物)和环境之间的相互作用已经逐渐被人们所认识,所以现在正开始从已知的环境去寻找一度认为是心态、情感和性格特征所造成的影响其根源所在。因此就可以建立一门行为技术。但是,如果行为技术代替不了传统的科学发展以前的观点,那它将无法解决我们的难题。而这些传统的观点是根深蒂固的。自由和尊严是难处之所在。(64)自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。科学的分析把责任和成绩归因于环境。它还提出有关“价值观念”的种种问题。谁会使用一门技术?其目的何在?(65)在这些得到解决以前,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。附赠:1992年考研英语翻译真题核心词组学习笔记 refer to提到;谈到 agreement on 一致意见 be comparable to 和相当;犹如 in terms of 根据;按照;在方面 on the whole 总体来说;大体上看 draw a conclusion 得出结论 have the attitude towards 对的态度 only if 只要 the sameas 与一样 by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏 【五月特训】研英翻译真题核心词组学习(2003年)2003年考研英语翻译试题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Green words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”.By its very name,anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.Each of thesesoical sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand,combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science. (64)Tylor defined culture as

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论