江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语《Unit 3 Amazing people》词汇讲解1 牛津译林版必修2.doc

江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语unit 3 amazing people词汇讲解1 牛津译林版必修2i.词语辨析：1、receive / accept receive：指客观“收到、获得”，不涉及主观意愿。 e.g. she received many flowers from her students. i received your letter the day before. accept：指主观同意“接受” e.g. would you accept my apology for my having been rude to you? he received your present but he didnt accept it.2、in / within in：可解释为“在内”，也可解释为“在之外、过时间”，用于将来时。 e.g. they finished their work in three working days. he will be back in about a month. within：只解释为“在之内、范围内”。 e.g. the school is within two kilometers from here. within only an hour, they finished the work, which was a wonder. 比较：after after：后接一段时间时，通常用于过去时，相当于： later e.g. after three days = three days later, he came to life. 但当after后接点的时间时，也可用于将来时。 e.g. he will go home after five oclock this afternoon.3、left / remaining：adj. 剩下的、剩余的、余下的 left：作后置定语用。 e.g. youd finish the task within the three minutes left. remaining：作前置定语用。 e.g. ill use the remaining money to buy you a new pen. 习惯上还可用 to go来表示“余下的”， 作后置定语。 e.g. there are five minutes to go / left before we leave here.4、become / turn：变得、成为，均可以后接名词或形容词。 become：后接名词或形容词时，没什么特殊的注意点。 e.g. the man became angry when he heard these words . she became an actress when she was only 16 years old. turn：后接名词时，名词前不能用冠词。 e.g. the weather will turn cold as winter comes. he will turn doctor when he graduates from the medical college. 注：go / get：也可表示变得，只是：get：一般指变好，go：一般指变坏。 e.g. the weather is getting better these days. the lady went mad when her only son died.ii.重点词语和句型1、the + adj.： 英语中，“the + 形容词”结构用来表示一类人，是复数。 e.g. the young, the educated, the middle-aged, the wise the old are well looked after in this old house. the wounded are being tended in the hospital. 注：表示类别的还可用：a / an + 名词单数（属于单数）；the + 名词单数（属于单数）； 名词的复数（是复数） e.g. a horse is a useful animal. students are persons who study at school. the telephone was invented by a man called bell. 注：表示发明物，用：the + 名词（单数）2、win a prize for：赢得一个奖 e.g. she won a prize for english. take the first / second place in：在比赛中的第名 e.g. my brother took the second place in the maths competition. come out first / second ：得第一、二名 e.g. who came out first in the english spoken contest? win的用法： win sth.：赢了 e.g. win a football match / battle / war / much money win over：把争取过来 e.g. his moving speech won many people over to his side.3、the way we live today：我们今天的生活方式。 当way作“方式、方法”解，作定语从句的先行词时，定于从句的引导词通常用以下三种形式：in which、 that、 (省略）。 e.g. i like the way that / in which / he does the experiment. he expressed himself in a way we are not so familiar.4、set sail for：开始向航行、驶去 e.g. the next day we set sail for the usa. set有许多短语：set about doing sth：着手干 e.g. soon we set about ploughing the fields.set out to do sth：开始干 e.g. they set out to mend the roof of the house.set aside：储蓄、暂时放于一边 e.g. its wise to set some money aside for future use.set off：出发e.g. we set off early the next morning.set out：出发e.g. they set out for the north, hoping to find land.set up：竖起、搭起、建立e.g. our school was set up in the late 50s of the last century.set foot on：踏上e.g. this is the first time that man has set foot on this quiet planet the moon. set fire to：放火烧 e.g. someone set fire to the house and it was burnt down in about an hour.5、preserve：保护、保管、保存，维持（现状） preserve sth.= protect sth. e.g. they tried every means to preserve the old temple. it is hard work to preserve these books dating from the tang dynasty. food preserved in fridge will stay fresh for a long time. preserve from：保护免于/免受 e.g. this method will preserve the food from going rotten. please draw the curtain close to preserve your eyes from the strong sunlight. preserve ones strength, preserve ones sight, 6、be (well) known / famous for：因而出名、闻名 e.g. china is famous / well known for its long history. the writer is famous / well known for his poems, not for his stories. be known / famous as：作为而出名、闻名 e.g. luxun is well known / famous as a revolutionary writer. nanjing is known / famous as one of the four hot stoves in china. be known / famous to：为人所知 e.g. the singer is well known / famous to all of us.7、it is the most important that sb. have done.：在形容词的最高级后面跟从句时，从句中要用完成时。 e.g. this is the most interesting film that i have ever seen so far. she is the most clever student that i have ever seen in this school. 还有一个句型也要注意：it / this is the first / second time that sb. have done sth. e.g this is the fifth time that she has been in beijing this year. it is the first time i have heard such a thing like that.8、stir（stirred, stirred, stirring)：vt. 搅动、搅拌、把搅进 e.g. please stir the water when it boils. she stirred the tea with a golden spoon. vt. 激起（感情）、使兴奋 e.g. the question stirred our interest and curiosity. the interesting story stirred the childrens imagination.9、empty：adj. ：空的 e.g. the empty room was soon filled with chairs and tables. the bag was empty and so the books were lost. vt. 倒空、倾空 e.g. the man emptied his pockets to prove his words. soon the whole building was emptied and would be pulled down.10、fall + adj.：变成（的状态），fall在这种结构中作系动词用。 e.g. fall ill, fall asleep, fall apart, fall silent, fall blind, fall behind 11、lead to：通向、导致,（to是介词） e.g. hard work will lead to success.what led to the big fire last night? his words lead to a heated discussion among the students. which road leads to the post office? the road leading to the park is closed for repairs. lead sb. to：带某人去 e.g. i will lead you to the place where your father works. the boy leading us to the factory is a junior student. lead sb. to do ：使某人兴起念头、诱导某人做 e.g. his words led us to believe that her advice led me to do it again. 注：leader：领导者； leadership：领导、指挥，在的领导之下：under the leadership of sb. ； leading：主要的、领导的、一流的：a leading scientist12、shortly after：之后不久 e.g. shortly after he graduated from college, he got work in a big company. she came back shortly after she heard the news.13、have sth. to do with：与有关、有联系 e.g. she has something to do with that accident. we have nothing to do with that matter at all. do you have anything to do with what he said just now? 区分：have sth. done：使某事得予完成，请人做某事。 e.g i will have the radio fixed this afternoon.14、result in：结果、导致、引起 e.g. smoking will result in illnesses. driving after drinking often results in accidents.result from：由而引起e.g. such diseases often result from eating too much. several deaths resulted from his careless driving.as a result (of )：因为、由于（）e.g. many animals died as a result of pollution from factories and cars. he didnt study hard enough, as a result, he failed to pass the exam.15、enter：vt. 进入、加入e.g. the teacher entered the classroom with a picture in his hand. she entered university when she was only 18 years old.enter into：开始（谈话、讨论等）e.g. they entered into conversation with us. the two students entered into a serious discussion. entrance：入口、大门， the entrance to .：的入口 类似的有：key to the door, notes to the text, answer to the question,.16、in advance：事先、提前 e.g. you should pay me in advance and ill help you with this problem. i shall draw some money from the band in advance before the trip. in advance of：在前面 e.g. she walked two meters in advance of the others. his idea was in advance of his time and few people could understand it.17、wonder：vi. wonder at sth.：对感到惊奇、惊讶； vt. wonder + 从句：惊奇 e.g. we are all wondering at the little boys clever answer. they wondered at my strange behavior. i wonder that you got the result earlier than i vi. wonder about sth.：想知道有关 e.g. im wondering about the ways to solve the problem. we never wonder about his reason for being late. vt.想知道 e.g. we all wondered who did it and why he did it. im just wondering how i can repair the car quickly. n. 奇迹、神奇的人或事 e.g. there are many wonders in the world. (奇人奇事） it is really a wonder that he survived the terrible flood. it is no wonder (that) .= no wonder (that) ：难怪 e.g. no wonder that he was punished by his father last night.18、it is believed / said / known / reported that：人们相信、据说、众所周知、据报道 这一句型中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。 e.g. it is believed that he has made a lot of money by doing business. it is known that these things are common nowadays. it is said that we will have an english exam next week. 这一句型可以改写成：sb. / sth. be believed / said / known / reported to do / have done / to be / to be doing .。 e.g. tom is said to have seen the film already. mr. black is reported to be making an important experiment in the lab. she is known to have been a red army woman a long time ago.19、contribute：vt. 捐赠、提供= donate, contribute to .：吧捐赠给 e.g. the old lady contributed lots of money to the charity. i want to contribute 100 books to the school library. contribute to：有助于、对有利 e.g. proper exercise contributes to good health. reading contributes to developing mind. a good diet contributes to a quick recovery.make contributions to：对作贡献e.g. the scientist has made great contributions to our country.20、would ratherwould rather = had rather + do （than do )：宁可做(而不愿做） e.g. i would rather stay at home reading than see the film. she would rather die in dignity than live in humiliation. would rather + that从句 (从句中用过去时态表示虚拟语气） e.g. i would rather that you hadnt helped me last week. we would rather he wouldnt come tomorrow.21、pay：n. 薪资 e.g. this is your pay this week. vt. 支付 pay (sb.) money for (doing) sth. e.g. have you paid (money) for the book? i paid him 50 yuan for helping me with my work.pay的常用短语：pay back：偿还：e.g. when will you pay my money back?pay for：付的款 e.g. help me and ill pay for it.pay off：全部还清、得到报偿 e.g. i paid off all the money last week. i feel all my work has been paid off.pay up：付清、缴清e.g. you can pay up my money in three months. 注：区分pay、 spend、 cost、 take的用法。 pay：主语是“人” spend：主语是“人”，常用：spend time/ money on sth. /( in) doing sth. cost：主语是“物”，常用：(doing) sth. cost sb. sth. (money/ time / energy.) e.g. the pen cost him 100 yuan the boys illness cost the mother many sleepless nights. careless driving cost him a leg. take：主语通常是“物”，常用句式：(doing) sth. take sb. time 或：it take (sb.) time to do sth. e.g. it took us about eight hours to repair the broken car. the bridge took the workers two years to complete.22、if breathed in, .：这是一个省略句，因为从句的主语与主句的主语相同，把从句的主语省了。 e.g. please answer in a loud enough voice when (you are) spoken to. will you help him if (you are) asked to? the water will not be fit to drink once (it is) polluted.iii. 语法点拨：过去完成时 过去完成时表示：在过去某个时间点以前或过去的某个动作之前已发生或完成的动作或状态。过去完成时主要用于以下的几种情况：1、用于动作之间的比较：如果一个动作或状态发生于一个过去的动作之前，须用过去完成时； e.g. she had well prepared her lessons, so she got full marks in the exam. i had finished my homework when i went to bed. we had already known the news before he told us about it.2、直接引语是一般过去式和现在完成时，把它们转换成间接引语时，一般用过去完成时； e.g. “i didnt go home last sunday,” she told me. she told me that she hadnt gone home the sunday before. “we have already heard about the bad news,” they said. they said that they had already heard about the bad news.3、当句子中含有 “by” 引导的过去时间状语时； e.g. i had grasped about 10000 english words by the end of 2000. by the time she came, we had already completed our work and was waiting for her.4、表示思维活动的动词直接用过去完成时，表示一个过去未曾实现的想法或愿望，解释为：本来想、本来以为、本来希望 e.g. i had hoped to come into the classroom without the teachers notice. she had thought that i would go and help her. we had wanted to go there, but the weather was bad, so we stayed at home. 注：表示“想、打算”的动词，有时候它们的过去式也可表示这一含义。 e.g. i thought you would like it, so i brought it here. i intended to help you, but was unable to leave home.iv. 巩固练习：1、the captain stood by the side of the ship, _ thanks from the passengers as they walked down. a. receivingb. acceptingc. to received. to accept2、he will come to give us a report _ 8 oclock this evening. a. inb. withinc. afterd. for3、 are you _ any better? better? no, im _ from bad to worse. a. becoming turningb. turning going c. getting turningd. getting going4、it is believed that _ is invented by =, an american. a. a computerb. the computerc. computerd. computers5、my sister _ first in the nmet in our school. a. wonb. took thec. came outd. come the6、can you tell me the way _ you solve the problem? which answer is wrong? a. whichb. thatc. in whichd. /7、this school was _ in the early 50s. a. set upb. put upc. built upd. come up8、he is known _ people all over the country _ a good singer _ this song. a. forto . as.b. tofor.asc. asfortod. toasfor9、she is the most hard-working student that i _ . a. taughtb. teachc. have taughtd. had taught10、he told me it was the se