湖南省株洲市高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（10）.doc

株洲市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（10）及答案 (第 篇)cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot, especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.a pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the usa every 110 minutes; one is injured every nine minutes, according to official data.crosswalks can be especially dangerous for the elderly. among people 70 and older,36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks, compared with 21% of those younger than 70, according to the insurance institute for highway safety.the federal highway administration(fhwa) advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears.fhwa spokesman doug hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross, healthconscious americans walking more ，children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006. but among those in 2006,471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the national highway traffic safety administration(nhtsa) says.语篇解读横过马路时，行人的意外死亡率居高不下。很多城市正在努力采取措施保证行人过马路的安全，尤其是老人和孩子。1which of the following is true according to the text?a. among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70.b. old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks.c. traffic accidents killed more old people than young people.d. about seven traffic accidents happened per hour.解析事实细节题。第二段第二三句告诉我们：老年人在十字路口遭遇交通事故的可能性最大。答案b2what is fhwas suggestion to states?a. fixing more traffic lights.b. providing more crosswalks.c. giving pedestrians more time to cross streets.d. increasing the time before the orange lights appear.解析事实细节题。第三段告诉我们fhwa建议给行人更多的时间通过路口。答案c3whats the cause of the crosswalk safety problem according to the text?a. therere many cars and buses on the road.b. pedestrians are careless.c. crosswalks are crowded.d. drivers dont give way.解析推理判断题。第四段指出：老年人需要更多的时间通过马路，有健康意识的人也好步行，儿童被鼓励步行以防止发胖，油价较高也让人们更倾向于步行而不是驾车。由此可知十字路口的安全问题是过度拥挤。答案c4the report from nhtsa suggests that _.a. fewer people were injured in crosswalksb. crosswalk safety has been greatly improvedc. much has been done to reduce traffic accidentsd. pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem解析推理判断题。最后一段nhtsa称：2006年行人死亡人数4,784，比1996年(5,449)降低了12%，但这一数字依旧很高，注意句中用的是down slightly稍微有点下降，所以十字路口的安全问题依然严峻。答案d*结束most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. to this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. the most popular free time activity in britain is going for a walk. and when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. it is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.but despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). i spent my boyhood climbing trees. these days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.the truth is to be found elsewhere. a study in the us: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for adhd (多动症). those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.a study in sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. a us study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies.another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. in playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. but when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. this reminds me unpleasantly of sunnyhill school, with its hard tarmac, where i used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.but children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. so, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.one of the great problems of modern childhood is adhd, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to adhd children. however, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.the life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. the most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. and study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.in wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.dr william bird, researcher from the royal society for the protection of birds, states in his study, “a natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.” wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.we tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. the error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.human beings are a species of animals. for seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. so we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.we need the wild world. it is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. without other living things around us we are less than human.15. what is the authors firm belief?a. people seek nature in different ways.b. people should spend most of their lives in the wild.c. people have quite different ideas of nature.d. people must make more efforts to study nature.16. what does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?a. personal freedom.b. things that are natural.c. urban surroundings.d. things that are purchased17. what does a study in sweden show?a. the natural environment can help children learn better.b. more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.c. a good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.d. natural views can prevent children from developing adhd.18. children who have chances to explore natural areas _.a. tend to develop a strong love for scienceb. are more likely to dream about wildlifec. tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodd. are less likely to be involved in bullying19. what does the author suggest we do to help children with adhd?a. find more effective drugs for them.b. provide more green spaces for them.c. place them under more personal care.d. engage them in more meaningful activities.20. in what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?a. they look on life optimistically.b. they enjoy a life of better quality. c. they are able to live longer. d. they become good-humoured.参考答案15-20 adbdbb *结束【专题训练与高考预测】此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标有题号的每一行做出判断，如无错误，在刻行右边横线上画一个勾（）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行在边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词注意：原行没能错的不要改passage 1 miss chinaguan qi, a 21-years-old college student from jilin 1._ province, had won the miss china 2003 beauty pageant 2._ in sanya, hainan province, on september 21. 3._ besides judged on their looks, the 32 competitors 4._ were tested on their write ability, english skills, 5._ team-work and generally knowledge. miss guan qi 6._ impressed the judges who present with her excellent 7._ replies during the question or answer section. she will 8._ represent(代表) chinese in the final of miss world 9._ to be holding in sanya on december 6. 10._ key:11. 21-years-old -21-year-old 2. had won -won3. 4. judged- being 5. written- writing 6. generally- general 7.去掉 who 或 who -were 8. or -and 9. chinese- china 10. holding- held*结束 链接1. （2012全国卷2）addis ababa, ethiopia one of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 3.2 million-year-old lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the united states, officials said tuesday.even the ethiopian public has only seen lucy twice. the lucy on exhibition at the ethiopian national museum in the capital, addis ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. a team from the museum of national science in houston, texas, spent four years discussing with the ethiopians for the u.s. tour, which will start in houston next september.“ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said joel bartsch, director of the houston museum.the six-year tour will also go to washington, new york, denver and chicago. officials said six other u.s. cities may be on the tour. but they said plans had not been worked out.travelling with lucy will be 190 other fossils. played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).53. the author writes this text mainly to _ .a. introduce a few u.s. museumsb. describe some research workc. discuss the value of an ape-mand. report a coming event54. what does the words “a replica” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. a painting of the skeleton.b. a photograph of lucyc. a copy of the skeleton.d. a written record of lucy.55. how many cities has lucys u.s. tour plan already included?a. four.b. five.c. six.d. eleven.56. what was the skeleton named after?a. an ape-man.b. a song.c. a singer.d. a camp.【考点】热点话题-记叙文【文章大意】最古老的类人猿骨骼化石将进行巡回展出。53.【答案】d【试题解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述时类人猿化石将进行巡回展出。所以选择d。【难度】一般54.【答案】c【试题解析】猜测词义题。the lucy on exhibition at the ethiopian national museum in the capital, addis ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.。中的while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.。然而真品仍锁在秘密的仓库里，所以猜测a replica词义为赝品、复制品。【难度】一般【长难句解析】the lucy on exhibition at the ethiopian national museum in