高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解类课件.ppt

专题一阅读理解 阅读理解篇 第一部分 第一讲细节理解类 题型特点 一 细节理解题常见设问方式细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息 常见的命题方式有 1 特殊疑问句形式 以when where what which who howmuch many等疑问词开头引出的问题 2 判断是非形式 含有true false nottrue false或except等的判断是非的问题 此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词 如not never等 3 以 accordingto 开头的提问形式 4 填空形式 如thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom 此类题目相对简单 只要考生认真并且细心 得分就会比较容易 二 细节理解题正确选项的特征1 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 如把loseone sjob换成了beoutofwork 有时候词性或者语态有所变化 把原文中的一些词变换一下词性 如把important改成ofimportance 改变原文中句子的语态 即主动语态与被动语态的转换 2 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 设置为答案 3 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 解题流程 细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问 考生都要记住一个解题原则 本本主义 一切从原文出发 无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结 分析推理 正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息 第一步审读题干和选项 回到原文定信息区间通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点 开始精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现 只有两种情况需要向上找寻信息 定位到的信息为数字串 或举例说明部分 出现了逻辑关系词 therefore so asaresult 或代词 that these it 第二步将选项和原文一一对比 求同排异定答案利用 同义原则 找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义词组 将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对 确定正确选项 做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉 本质上是找同义词 解题时找出的同义词组越多 答案就越准确 这是解答细节理解题的基本方法 分类例析 1 直接信息题 题干定位法 2017 全国 a片段 pacificsciencecenterguide visitpacificsciencecenter sstoredon tforgettostopbypacificsciencecenter sstorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit thestoreislocated 位于 upstairsinbuilding3rightnexttothelaserdome hungry ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind butwhataboutyourbody ourcaf offersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions inadditiontoseasonalspecials thecaf islocatedupstairsinbuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforepacificsciencecentercloses rentalinformationlockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit thelockersarelocatedinbuilding1neartheinformationdeskandinbuilding3 pushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheinformationdeskanddennywayentrance idrequired q wherecanyoubuyasouveniratpacificsciencecenter a inbuilding1 b inbuilding3 c atthelaserdome d atthedennywayentrance 解题思路 第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是 第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题信息句是 尝试解答 don tforgettostopbypacificsciencecenter sstorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit thestoreislocated 位于 upstairsinbuilding3rightnexttothelaserdome where souvenir b 干扰项分析 a c d三项张冠李戴 位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品 排除a项 文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着laserdome 而不是说在laserdome可以买纪念品 排除c项 根据文章第三部分中的 pushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheinformationdeskanddennywayentrance 可知 在dennyway的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅 而不能买纪念品 排除d项 2 间接信息题 断章取义法 2016 全国 a片段 sandradayo connor 1930 present whensandradayo connorfinishedthirdinherclassatstanfordlawschool in1952 shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman shebecameanarizonastatesenator 参议员 and in1981 thefirstwomantojointheu s supremecourt o connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt q whatwasthereasonforo connor sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm a herlackofpropertraininginlaw b herlittleworkexperienceincourt c thediscriminationagainstwomen d thepoorfinancialconditions 解题思路 第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是 第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是 第三步对比信息句和选项 得出答案根据信息句可知 o connor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生 可见 这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的 尝试解答 o connor thelawfirm whensandradayo connorfinishedthirdinherclassatstanfordlawschool in1952 shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman c 2017 天津 b片段 fifteenyearsago itookasummervacationinlecceinsouthernitaly afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic 全景的 viewofthebluesea whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama unfortunately justasitookoutmycamera awomanapproachedfrombehind andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview likeme thiswomanwasheretostop sighandappreciatetheview q whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto a hercamerastoppedworking b awomanblockedherview c someoneaskedhertoleave d afriendapproachedfrombehind 解题思路 第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干中的关键词是 第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是 第三步对比信息句和选项 得出答案根据信息句可知 就在 我 拿出相机的时候 一位女士从后面走过来 正好停在 我 的视线前面 即 我 的视线被挡住 blocked 了 尝试解答 whathappened wasabouttotakeaphoto unfortunately justasitookoutmycamera awomanapproachedfrombehind andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview b 干扰项分析 a项无中生有 文章并没有提及作者的相机不能用了 c项曲解文意 文章第三段提及 wasittoomuchtoaskhertomove 但这是作者的心理活动 而不是别人让作者走开 d项移花接木 文章是说一位女士 awoman 从作者的后面走来 而不是一位朋友 afriend 3 事件排序题 首尾排除法 2014 四川 c aschoolgirlsavedherfather slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic 过敏的 reactionwhichstoppedhisheart izzy nine restartedfathercolm sheartbystamping 踩 onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing izzy smother debbie immediatelycalled999butizzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather sodecidedtousecpr however shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren tstrongenough soshestampedonherfather schestinstead debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions 按压 untiltheambulancearrived izzy whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool said ijustkickedhimreallyhard mymumtaughtmecprbutiknewiwasn tstrongenoughtousehands iwasquitescared thedoctorsaidimightaswellbeadoctororanurse mymumsaidthatdadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest she salittlestar saiddebbie iwasreallyupsetbutizzyjusttookover ijustcan tbelievewhatshedid ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid izzydidcprthenthedoctorturnedup colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe vegottoseeanexpert truckdrivercolm 35 sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononsaturdayandwastakentohospital butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled preventinghimfrombreathing hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly andhisheartstoppedforamoment hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering q what stherightorderoftheevents izzykickedcolm debbiecalled999 izzylearnedcpr colm sheartstopped a b c d 解题思路 第一步速读文章 了解故事情节由上下文可知 izzy先前了解了一些cpr的知识 后来她父亲因过敏反应 心脏停止了工作 izzy的母亲debbie拨打了999急救电话 然后izzy采取了急救措施 第二步找出四个事件发生的先后顺序事件一 事件二 事件三 事件四 尝试解答 izzylearnedcpr colm sheartstopped debbiecalled999 izzykickedcolm c 4 数字计算题 查读分析法 2015 四川 c片段 acrossbritain burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers but accordingtoanewstudy weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork now thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnasmuchas 172 000ayear thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo aswellasthehourstheyareworking todeterminethefigure thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns q howmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingastheprimeminister a 30 000 b 142 000 c 172 000 d 202 000 解题思路 第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干中的关键词是 第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是 尝试解答 mother theprimeminister now thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnasmuchas 172 000ayear thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns b 172 000 30 000 142 000 5 正误判断题 逐项击破法 2016 四川 d awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight ssleep butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff ifitismilkedfromacowatnight researchershavediscoveredthat nightmilk containsmoremelatonin 褪黑激素 whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety thestudy byresearchersfromseoul southkorea involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime accordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalofmedicinalfood nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent whichhelpspeopletorelax milkisalsosugar freeandadditive freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight q whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext a it sbeentestedonmicefortentimes b itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic c itexistsinmilkingreatamount d it susedinsleepingdrugs 解题思路 第一步根据关键词找出相关信息句本题的信息句是 a b c d thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime researchershavediscoveredthat nightmilk containsmoremelatonin 褪黑激素 whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety researchershavediscoveredthat nightmilk containsmoremelatonin takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight 第二步对比选项与信息句 逐项击破a项与信息句毫无关联 b项与信息句意思相反 c项范围扩大化 d项与信息句符合 尝试解答 d 2017 天津 b片段 fifteenyearsago itookasummervacationinlecceinsouthernitaly afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic 全景的 viewofthebluesea whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama unfortunately justasitookoutmycamera awomanapproachedfrombehind andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview likeme thiswomanwasheretostop sighandappreciatetheview patientasiwas afterabout15minutes mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotiwouldeventuallytake igrewfrustrated wasittoomuchtoaskherto