中考英语考点备考复习13.doc

2012届中考英语考点备考复习13【词汇检测】1休息室_2洗发香波_3药店_4部门_5电动扶梯_6魔术_7闲荡_8新鲜的_9街区_10橡树_11不拥挤的_12安全的_13滑道_14水滑道_15小丑_16职员_17盛装_18市场_19接给_20停车_21正确_22想知道；惊奇_23打扰_24引导_25结构_26交上_27有组织的_29市场_ 30直接的_31冒犯_32某些，某个_33命令，指示_【短语集中】1. make a telephone call 2. buy shampoo3. buy some writing paper4. get some magazines5. save money6. change money7. take the elevator to the second floor8. between a and b9. turn right10. go past the bank11. on the second floor12. hang out13. take a vacation14. take dance lessons15. dress up as16. lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.17. free concerts18. make requests19. in some situations20. ask for information21. in order to 22. in order not to23. language etiquette24. at the mall25. kind of small26. on the other hand27. spend time doing28. stay out late29. hand in30. the same as【句子再现】1. excuse me, could you tell me where i can buy some stamps?2. could you tell me how to get to the post office?3. do you know if there are any public restrooms around here?4. the air isnt fresh, i prefer being outside. also, its usually crowded.5. there are a lot of free concerts there. 6. if they love good food, they can find it at the farmer market where the food is both delicious and cheap.7. i find stamps fascinating. ive been collecting them for many years.8. asking for information or help is a very common and necessary activity, especially when we visit a foreign country.9. the expression you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them.10. a very direct order like this can sound rude in english.11. you stop a stranger in the street.12. however, in order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.13. choice of language depends on the relationship and situation.-could you tell me where the bank is?=could you tell me how to get to the bank?-youre standing at the movie theater. first go straight ahead along the center street. then turn left at the second crossing. after that, go past another movie theater. you can find it on your right. its between the restaurant and the movie theater. you cant miss it.【疑点注释】1. could you please tell me where the restrooms are?（p86） 请问洗手间在哪里？本句是问路或问处所的常用语，通常应先说excuse me，以引起对方注意，也表示尊重对方。excuse me. could you tell me where xianfeng middle school is?打扰了。请问先锋中学在哪儿？知识拓展问路的表示法英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少，下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。试译：打扰了。请问去书店怎么走？excuse me. could you tell me the way to the bookshop?excuse me. could you tell me how i can get to the bookshop?excuse me. could you tell me how to get to the bookshop?excuse me. could you tell me where the bookshop is?excuse me. which is the way to the bookshop, please?excuse me. wheres the bookshop, please?excuse me. how can i get to the bookshop, please?2. .because my friends hang out there. (p88)因为我的朋友都在那儿闲逛。hang out常用于美语口语中，意为“闲逛”。还可以表示“常去某处”的意思。where do you hang out these days?这些日子你们都在什么地方闲逛来着？知识拓展动词hang是“悬挂”，“吊”，“吊死”等意思。可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。he remained hanging in mid-air, saved by the belt.他吊在半空中，安全带救了他。a full moon hung in the sky on mid-autumn day.中秋那天，一轮圆月挂在天空。the last ming emperor hanged himself from this tree.明朝最后一个皇帝就是在这棵树上吊死的。特别提示同学们可能已经注意到，以上句子中的动词过去式用的不同。hang表示“悬挂”，“吊”的意思时，是不规则动词，过去式和过去分词形式是hung，而意为“吊死”时，是规则动词。魔力纠错 同学们把一幅世界地图挂在左边墙上。误：the students hanged a map of the world on the wall to the left.正：the students hung a map of the world on the wall to the left. 总有一天恐怖分子将被人民处以绞刑。误：the terrorists will be hung by the people some day.正：the terrorists will be hanged by the people some day.3. theres always something happening.(p88)总是有事情发生。本句是there be句型的一个固定结构，即there be+sb/sth+doing sth，意为“有在做”。my friend said there was a truck collecting rubbish outside.我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。there is a mr wang waiting to see you outside your office.有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。知识拓展 there be+sb/sth+to do sth，表示“主语将做某事”。there will be some australian students to come to our class.有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。 there be也可不表示“存在”意义，常以否定句的形式出现时，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定，其句型是there is+no+doing sth。there is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。there is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。there is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。4. i also like to look at books in the bookstore. (p88)我也喜欢在书店里看书。汉语的“看书”既可表示“阅读”的意思，也可表示“翻看一下”，“随便看看”。英语的表达在词语上就有所不同了。请“看”区别。he looks at that book, takes it down and reads it carefully. 他看了看那本书，然后拿下来，认真地读了起来。looks at that book与read it(the book)在内容上是完全不同的。look at that book仅指“看书”，用来表示“看了看”，不是以阅读为目的；而read it(the book)则是“读了读”书中的内容。5. go past the park, and turn left onto oak street. (p88)走过公园，然后向左拐到橡树街。go past the park.是一种指路方式，go past表示“走过”的意思，past是介词，意为“途经”，“经过”。when she went past the parking, mary saw a man standing at a new car. 当玛丽走过停车场时，看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。【友情链接】常见的指路表达式有：walk along/down this road, and take the first crossing on the right.沿着这条路向前走，在第一个十字路口向右拐。go along this street, and turn right.顺着这条路向前走，然后向右拐。walk on and turn left, and you will see the tall building on the right.继续向前走，然后左拐，在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。go along/down this street to the traffic lights, and turn left.沿着这条路向前走，一直到交通灯处，然后向左拐。6. .and eat at uncle bobs. (p90)在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。uncle bobs是名词“s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺，餐馆，某种职业，某人的家等名词的所有格后面的名词，常可以省略。如at the doctors=at the doctors clinic“在大夫的诊所”； at mr greens=at mr greens home“在格林先生家里”。特别提示在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前，要用定冠词the，在表示称呼语的名词前，要加物主代词。7. they have organized games and the staff dressed up as clowns. (p90)他们组织游戏活动，工作人员打扮成小丑的模样。dress作为及物动词，指穿衣服的动作，后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语，但可用指人的名词或代词作宾语，表示给某人穿衣服。she dressed her children quickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。dress的过去分词dressed与get连用表示“穿上衣服”。lets get dressed and leave at once.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。dress up是“化装”，“穿上盛装”，“打扮”的意思。they all dressed up as pla men.他们都打扮成解放军的模样。she likes to dress up for a party.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。8. make a telephone call(p86)打个电话mr tan makes the best noodles in town. (p91)谭先生是镇上面条做得最好的。make是英语中非常活跃的一个单词。 用于打电话。第一句中的make后接表示电话的词语，是“打电话”的意思。make a telephone call相当于动词call, ring, phone, telephone等。试译：我给格林先生打个电话。 i call/ring/phone/telephone mr green. i call/ring/phone mr green up. i give mr green a ring/call. i make a telephone call to mr green. 表示“做”，“制作”。第二句中的make表示“（用材料或零件）做，制作，制造，建造或创造某物”，其所制造的产品通常是由一个或几个部分组成的。mother made a big cake for michael on his birthday.妈妈为迈克尔生日做了一个大蛋糕。the workers are making cars in the factory. 工人们在工厂里生产汽车。he is good at making toy cars. 他擅长做儿童玩具。【友情链接】make还有一个重要用法，表示“使”的意思，在历年的中考中都有它的考点。这一用法主要掌握两点：（1）在主动语态中，后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去to；（2）在被动语态中后接不定式作主语补足语时，一定要加上to。the boss made his employees work two more hours.老板使他的雇员又工作了两个小时。maria was made to leave the company.玛丽亚被迫离开了公司。9. .“excuse me, i wonder if you can help me.”(p92)“打扰了，我不知道您是否能帮帮我”。动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同：(1)后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”，“疑问词+不定式”时，表示“想知道”。the teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。he wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。im just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。(2）后接“that引导的宾语从句”，“不定式短语”时，表示“感到惊奇，对感到惊讶”。i wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。i wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。i wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.我不知道你是否能帮我一下。she wondered whether you were free that morning.她不知道那天上午你是否有空。【考点归纳】1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 常由下面的一些连接词引导： 由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 he says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) i dont know if / whether wei hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 he says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 i dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。 she wants to know if i have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) he said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。 i didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。she wanted to know if i had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？2. get v. 得到、买、到达3. make a telephone call 打电话 4. save money 省钱、存钱 5. 问路常用的句子： do you know where is ? can you tell me how can i get to ?could you tell me how to get to ？can/could/will/would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park 是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是相当于how i can get to the park（宾语从句）如：i dont know how to solve the problem. = i dont know how i can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题 can you tell me when to leave? = can you tell me when i ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？6. 日常交际用语： take the elevator / escalator to the floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到楼 turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转 go past 经过 go straight 向前直走7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如：lily is next to ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between and 在和之间 如: lily is between ann and tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do 决定做 she decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定10. is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？ 中的to hang out修饰前面名词place，不定式作定语. 如：there are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something，作定语.11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如： she is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的14. take a vacation = go on a vacation 去度假15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成. 如：he wanted to dress up as father christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于 living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。 we cant depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。 that depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有： prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 i prefer english. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 i prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢 i prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事i prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 i prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。20. on the other hand 另一方面21. 把借给某人lend sb. sth. lend sth.to sb. 如： lily lent me her book. = lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。22. such as23. im sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。24. in a way 在某种程度说25. in order to do 为了做 表目的 如： he got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。26. 等级/同级比较：asas ， not as/soasas + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as 表示“和一样的”“和一样的” 如：he works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。 否定式：not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as = not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as he doesnt work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。27. hand in 上交【限时阅读】walt disney, the great film-maker, was born in 1901. when he was a young man, he often sat in the family garage and draw pictures there. one day a mouse came into the garage and played on the floor. he stopped drawing and watched the mouse. the mouse came towards him, so he gave the mouse a piece of bread. day after day they became good friends.some years later, disney moved to the west coast of the usa. he tried to get work as an artist, but still he was unsuccessful. one day he remembered the mouse that used to come out in his fathers garage. he picked up his pencil and started to draw. at last he was pleased with one of his pictures of the mouse. he called it mickey mouse.his success as a cartoon-maker had begun. he made scores of cartoons. all of them were liked very much by children. he died in 1966. but the studios which he started are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films. (175 words 6 minutes)1. who is walt disney?_.2. where did he make friends with that mouse?_.3. he thought that mouse was lovely, didnt he?_.4. how long did he live in the world?_.5. what is the main idea of this passage?_.【话题训练】你校(十四中学)在星期五下午3：30安排了滨海大学的外籍教授mrsmith作题为task based lea