高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法部分虚拟语气.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用【观察】if i were you, i would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。if you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。if jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。if she hadnt come, i might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。i could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。if it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。【归纳】其中1、2是对现在的虚拟，3、4句是对过去的虚拟，5、6句是对将来的虚拟。if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示与现在事实相反动词的过去式（过去时）could/ should/ would/ might + 动词原形表示与过去事实相反had + 动词的过去分词 （过去完成式）could/ should/ would/ might + have + 动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反动词过去式should/ were to+ 动词原形could/ should/ would/ might + 动词原形注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。【实践】1.if he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.a. followed b. should follow c. had followed d. would follow2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。if i had enough money, i would travel around the world.翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。if i should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, i would invite him to my house.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式：（1）省略if, 用 “were, had, should + 主语”。如：were she my daughter, i wouldnt allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。had i worked hard, i would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。should there be a meeting tomorrow, i would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。（2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如：without your help, i wouldnt have succeeded. (= if you hadnt helped me, i wouldnt have succeeded.) 没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。but for your advice, i would have failed.(=if you hadnt given me advice, i would have failed.) 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。【实践】1. the president, i allow the poor students to enter the university for free.a. were i; will b. am i; will c. were i; would d. am i; would2.without your help, we _ so much.a. will not achieve b. didnt achieve c. dont achieve d. would not have achievedstep7. explorative activity虚拟语气在wish从句中的使用【观察】how i wish i knew his address at the very moment. but unfortunately i dont. i do wish i had been born 20 years earlier.i wish it would snow tomorrow.【归纳】wish从句往往表示难以实现的愿望，其宾语从句需用虚拟语气。谓语形式表示与现在事实相反一般过去时表示与过去事实相反had + 动词的过去分词 （过去完成时）表示与将来事实相反用could, might, should, would代替can, may, shall, will等【实践】1. i wish i able to tell him all about it last night.a. should be b. were c. was d. had been2. 翻译：如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。i wish i could fly to the moon some day.3. i wish i ten years younger. a. am b. were c. will be d. had been虚拟语气在would rather后的宾语从句中的使用to be frank, i would rather you attended the medical conference to be held next sunday.i would rather you had told me the information a few days earlier, but you didnt. 【归纳】would rather表示“宁愿”，表达的是一种愿望，后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。宾语从句中的谓语形式表示与现在事实相反一般过去时表示与过去事实相反过去完成时【实践】1.翻译：我宁愿现在下雪。i would rather it snowed now.2.翻译：我宁愿上周周末呆在家里。i would rather i had stayed at home last weekend.vi. summary 一.should+动词原形a.suggest 等引导的名词性从句b. it is +adj./n.+that 从句1.注意suggest/insist的词义2.动词原形包括主/被动式二.从句用过去时its（high/about) time that sb did sth三.根据所表示的事实的时间来判断a. i would rather 从句 b. i wish/if onlyc. as if 从句d. if 条件句a. 与现在事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等 +动词原形b. 与过去事实相反的假设条件从句主句过去完成时should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句主句一般过去时should/would等 + 动词原形were+ 不定式should+ 动词原形e：情态动词+have donef; 省if倒装/错综条件句/用but for/without等词替代vii. homework: 短文翻译英语是一门全世界广泛应用的语言。我们掌握好英语是很有必要的。我希望英语能学得象母语一样好。但这看起来似乎是不可能的。你知道吗？我本来可以学好英语的。因为有人曾建议我每天背单词，背范文(possible version)，重视语法等等。但现在是我后悔的时候了。我想我要是当初听了这些建议的话，现在我的英语一定是很不错了。要是没有英语该多好啊！如果没有英语， 每天我会更快乐！possible version:english is widely used in the world. it is necessary that senior students master it well. i wish english would be learnt as well as our mother tongue. but it looks as if it isnt possible. do you know? i could have learnt english well. because it was suggested that i recite words and possible versions, pay more attention to grammar and so on. but now its time that