山东省青岛市高考英语 完形填空、阅读理解训练题（1）.doc

青岛市2014高考英语完形填空、阅读理解训练题（1）及答案阅读理解专题*主旨大意一、题型特点与解题技巧这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。一、常见问题形式有：(1)the subject/topic of the article is (2)which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(3)what does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、应试技巧1.开门见山, 提出主题。开门见山, 提出主题，随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常 见的演绎法写作方式，分清main idea 和 supporting sentences。英语阅读理解中的许多文章都属于“观点论证型”和“现象解释型”的文章，而这两类文章常常采取的是“一般到具体”的篇章结构模式。也就是说这类文章往往开宗明义，文章伊始就要摆明描述的主要对象或论述的主要观点。 an increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this january, according to ucas, the universities and colleges admissions service. a spokesman for the royal economic society said applications to do economics at a-level were also up. whats the main idea of the text? a. universities have received more applications. b. economics is attracting an increasing number of students c. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. d. parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. ( 2009 山东) 2首段的末句和二段首句对于阅读理解中的其他篇章结构模式，如“问题解决型”和“破旧立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主题句高发出现点，特别是当文章的首句后出现的转折性的陈述，而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时，那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现的与首句相对立的结论。一般而言，作者常常藉用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，该类型的转折连词有：but，yet，however。转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常是文章中心主旨的关键所在。relationships with family, friends, neighborsand even petswill all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(长寿)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. william farrs study and other studies show that _. a. social life proves an effective cure for illness b. being sociable helps improve ones quality of life c. women benefit more than men from marriage d. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity3归纳法先表述细节, 后以结论、建议或结果来概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。阅读时要分清细节和结论a human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. in deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. mans games show how he can control his own body. no other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. whats the topic sentence of this passage?_4无主题句 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分，同时注意高频词。 the marches were a happy family. poverty, hard work, and even the fact that father march was away with the union armies could not down the spirits of meg, jo, beth, amy and marmee, as the march girls called their mother. the march sisters tried to be good but had their share of fault. ., three years later the march girls had grown into young womanhood. mge became mrs. brooke,and .,., amy was asked to go and stay in europe with a relative of the marches. and so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to. 来源:金太阳新课标资源网 which of the following would be the best title for the passage? a. the march family b. the march parents c. the march girls d. the march relatives ( 2006 江苏)5.文章标题问标题的题也是一种主旨题，与主旨题的解题方法和技巧完全一样。二者的差别主要体现于选项的形式：主旨题的答案通常以一句话表示，而问标题的答案大多为一个名词词组。最重要的是，标题在内容上必须而且只能反映文章的中心大意。这就要求选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中，要善于识别本末倒置、主次不分、以点代面、以偏概全或者过度概括的干扰项。另外，标题在形式上要新颖、醒目，能吸引读者注意力，能唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。 by day he is just a normal cat but when the lights go out, he glows in the dark. scientists have genetically modified a cat as part of an experiment that could lead to treatments for diseases. named mr green genes, he looks like a six-month-old cat but, under ultraviolet light, his eyes, gums and tongue glow green. that is the result of a genetic experiment at. which of the following might be the best title for the passage? a. a glowing cat b. mr. green genes c. one cats life d. an experiment of cats 6作者意图态度作者意图即写作目的与文章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以也可以算作主旨题的一种变体。二者的异同可以从下面的对比中看出：文章主旨问中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，等于文章大意论述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意可以根据前面所述的方法找到。理解文章的语篇结构，了解作者的态度意图，文中的信息词至关重要。信息词包括关联词、副词、形容词，表示总结的介词短语、情态动词等。关联词可以揭示文章各段落，句子之间的内在关系，展示作者态度和意图。常见的此类关联词有however，but，on the contrary，although，while等表示转折，提示此信息于上文相反。还有表关联的副词：besides，moreover，furthermore，nevertheless等；解作者态度(attitude)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具体事物的态度。确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。it was pleasant to sit out on deck and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. this morning we drove over to baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day,.,.,., today we sailed from schneckenbush to saverne. we went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. this river scenery is very different. what does the author think of the tour? a. tiring b. expensive c. enjoyable d. quick ( 2009宁夏)三、主旨大意题的干扰项（错误选项）有3种：1.概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2.概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。3.无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。one day last september, as britney spears was about to board a flight to los angeles from london, a blue bottle fell out of her purse. she quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event. neither spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning londons daily express published a page of pictures under the headline “exclusive: pop princess spotted at airport with pot of slimming tablets.” spears was apparently carrying zantrex-3, one of the most popular weight-loss pills now sold in the united states. the pill, which is sold at about fifty dollars for a months supply, contains a huge amount of caffeine, some green tea, and three common south american herbs that also act as stimulants (兴奋剂). it hit the u.s. market last march and has had a success that would be hard to overstate. millions of bottles have been sold, and during the christmas season it was displayed in the windows of the nations largest chain of vitamin shops, g.n.c. (it is so highly sought after that many of the stores keep it in locked counters.) zantrex-3 is also sold at cvs, rite aid, wal-mart, and other chains, and over the telephone and on the internet. if you type “zantrex” into google, more than a hundred thousand pieces of information about it will appear. at any moment, there are scores of people sell it on ebay. perhaps the most interesting thing about the success story of zantrex-3, however, is that it is far from unique. there are hundreds of similar products on the market today, and they are bought by millions of americans. and though zantrexs producer makes some exciting statements (“the most advanced weight control compound (化合物)period”), so do the people who sell stacker 2 and anorex along with those who sell carb eliminator and fat eliminator. almost all of these compounds suggest that they can help people lose weight and regain lost energy, and often without diet, exercise, or any other effort. 1. britney spears is a / an_. a. dancer b. singer c. athlete d. chemist【答案与解析】答案b。细节信息题。从第1段的大写部分“pop princess spotted at airport with pot of slimming tablets.”可以知道b选项是正确答案。2. which of the following is also a kind of weight-loss pill? a. cvs b. rite aid c. wal-mart d. anorex【答案与解析】答案d。细节信息题。根据第1段的 “zantrex-3 is also sold at cvs, rite aid, wal-mart, and other chains,”以及第2段的“so do the people who sell stacker 2 and anorex along with those who sell carb eliminator and fat eliminator.”可以知道d选项是正确答案。3. the underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph is most likely similar in meaning to _. a. it is difficult to say how successful zantrex-3 is b. you cant overstate the success of zantrex-3 c. you cant think too highly of the success of zantrex-3 d. zantrex-3 is not very successful【答案与解析】答案c。理解句子结构及推测词义题。从it hit the u.s. market last march and has had a success that would be hard to overstate. 的前半部分可以知道zantrex-3是美国市场很畅销的减肥类商品；根据构词法可以知道后半部分的overstate有“夸张、夸大事实”的意思，而would be hard to overstate可以理解为“难以夸张、夸大”的意思，因此划线部分的意思可以直译为“难以夸大/夸张的成功”或理解为“怎么夸张都不过份的成功”，c选项所含有的句型can nottoo亦是此意。4. from the second paragraph we know that _ . a. zantrex-3 is one of the successful weight-loss pills on the us market b. zantrex-3 is the most successful weight-loss pills on the us marketc. zantrex-3 is the only weight-loss pill on the us marketd. there are five kinds of weight-loss pills on the us market 【答案与解析】答案a。从第2段的1、2、3句可以知道a选项是正确答案，其他选项均与文章的信息不一致。5. the text mainly tells us _. a. when britney spears was found taking weight-loss pills with her b. how zantrex-3 became successful in the usa c. weight-loss pills are very popular in the usa d. zantrex-3 is forbidden to be sold on the us market【答案与解析】答案c。a选项只包含了文章的部分信息；b选项侧重zantrex-3获得成功的方式，而文章并没有这方面的信息；d选项与文章中的信息相反；从整体来看，文章是以zantrex-3为引子，引出减肥或瘦身类商品当今在美国很流行的话题，即第1段是引入，第2段开始切入主题，第2段的第2句可以看做是主题句。c选项与主题句的意思一致，因此应该是该题的答案。*结束高考考纲词汇记忆重点单词i a pron. 我 ice as n. 冰 ice-cream as- krim n. 冰淇淋 iceland aslnd * n. 冰岛 idea ad n. 主意,意见,打算,想法 identity adentt n. 身份，特征identification adentfke()n n. 鉴定，辨别 idiom dm n. 习语，成语 if f conj.如果,假使,是否,是不是 ignore n(r) v. 忽视，对不理会ill l a. 有病的；不健康的 illegal li()l a. 非法的 illness lns n. 疾病 imagine mdn vt. 想像，设想 immediate midt a. 立即的，马上 immediately midtl ad. 立即 immigration mgren n. 移民 import mpt v.& n. 进口，输入 importance mpt()ns n. 重要性 important mptnt a. 重要的 impossible mpsb()l a. 不可能的 impress mpres vt. 留下极深的印象 impression mpre()n n. 印象，感觉 improve mpruv vt. 改进，更新 in n prep. 在里(内)；在；以 ad. 在家，在内，向内 inch nt n. 英寸 incident nsd()nt n. 事件 include nklud vt. 包含，包括 income nkm n. 收入，所得 incorrect nkrekt a. 不正确的，错误的 increase nkris v. & n. 增加，繁殖 indeed ndid a. 确实；实在 independence ndpendns n. 独立 重点短语lose/ have faith in对sth失去/有信念fall apart 瓦解/崩溃fall off the bicycle;从自行车上掉下来fall behind;落后fall down;跌倒fall over oneself to do;争先恐后去做sthfall on/ upon;由sb承担或负责fame and fortune 名利be familiar with sth 熟悉sthbe familiar to sb 对于sb来说是熟悉的be famous for/ as 因为sth而出名/作为sth而出名as far as;就.而言far from +adj/n;远远不是further information;进一步的消息fancy doing;想象做sthfarewell party;告别派对on the farm 在农场上be fascinated by sth;被sth所吸引the latest fashion;最新的潮流in/ out of fashion;流行/落伍fast asleep;熟睡fatal blow 致命的打击be sbs fault;是sb的错do sb a favor;帮助sbask sb a favor= ask a favor of sb 请求sb帮助in sbs favor 对sb有利in favor of;赞同owe sbs a favor 欠sb的人情fax machine 传真机by fax 用传真*结束 for my grandmothers 70th birthday, my family and i visited south korea. while there, i was attentive to korean high schools and students. i was surprised by how different koreas public high schools are from americas. korean high schools can be all-girls, all-boys or co-ed (男女同校的）unlike our standard co-ed high schools. there are three grades: “go 1”（10th)，go 2” (11th) and go 3” (12th). go”is the first syllable of the word “go-deung -hakkyo, which, simply translated, is “high school”. in america, unless you want to go to a private school, you dont have to take an entrance exam. in korea, however, students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools. another difference i couldnt help but notice was the students appearance. with very few exceptions, all wear uniforms. a name tag (标牌)with the students name, grade and homeroom number must also be worn. girls skirts cant be above the upper part of the knee, and it is forbidden to dye (染)your hair or wear accessories (装饰品)except small earrings. there are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness, and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style, socks and shoes. the final difference was the setup of the classes. there may be 40 students in a classroom, but the number can be less or even more, depending on the population of the town or city. although there are many students per classroom, they are very close, which i think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects. there are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switc