高考英语 321精品系列 专题04 代词.doc

2013 3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题04 代词【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。预测今后高考命题将继续加大对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。考点1 人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中一dpes any of you know why jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?一me我。特别提示答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：i can和i do，too/so do i考点2指不代词1this/these，that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：what id like to say about how to improve our spoken english is like this关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。thats a11thank you我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)salaries are higher here than those in my hometown这里的薪水比我家乡的高。3this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 it isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点3不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：raise your hands if you have any questions如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：she promised that she could do anything for you她许诺能为你做任何事情。3any，either，each，every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：i didnt eat any meat我一点儿肉也没吃。4no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：you have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：none of the books is suitable for the young这些书都不适合年轻人读。一how many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?一none没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：一who is in the room?谁在屋内?一nobody没有人。5it，one，ones，that和thosethe book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：the best cigarettes are those from yunnan最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。the boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。your coat is blue，and my new one is green你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：the books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：done remained and the other went away一个留下了，另一个走了。we should learn to treat others as equals我们应该学会平等待人。7something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：there isnt anything inside里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：do nothing by halves凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)考点4 反身代词2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适i dont know whats the matter with meim not myself today4用在交际英语中help yourseff!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!make yourself at home!别拘束!dont upset yourself!别自寻煨商了15辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneselft动地；to oneself独占，独用考点5 it的用法 (3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一what is this?这是什么?一its a bike是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：the baby cried because it was hungry婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一its me是我o(5)指环境、情形等。如：i cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍这种情况了。take it easy别紧张。it doesnt matter没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：its getting colder and colder now现在越来越冷了。it is winter now现在是冬天了。2形式作用 (2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：you must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)they thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。the boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。(具体用法请参阅必修五unit 4语法考点归纳)【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析2012高考英语试题1. (辽宁卷)28. if youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?a. one b. such c. this d. that3.(2012陕西卷)13. no matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.a. him b this c. that d. it【答案】d【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式to go for a walk before breakfast是真正的宾语。4.(2012浙江卷)5. studying wendys menu, i found that many of the items are similar to _ of mcdonalds .a. those b. ones c. any d. all6.(2012大纲卷) 9. sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.a. herself b. this c. that d. it【答案】d【解析】考查代词。此处代词“it”作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语不定式短语。句意：今天早上sarah 及时赶到机场搭上了她乘坐的航班。7. (2012上海卷)31.when he took his gloves off, i noticed that one had his name written inside.a. each b. every c. other d. another9. (2012福建卷)22. have you figured out how much the trip will cost? $4,000, or _ like that.a. anythingb. everythingc. somethingd. nothing【答案】c【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你算出这次旅游将要花多少钱了吗?4 000美元，或大约那么多吧。此处选something表示不确切的描述或数量，意为“大致，左右”。10.(2012江苏卷)23.sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.a. either b. another c. neither d. none【答案】d【解析】考查不定代词。句意：sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除a项和b项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，故选d项。11.(2012江西卷)23. my brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.a. nothingb. nonec. no oned. neither2011高考英语试题1. (2011陕西卷,16）would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? a.other b.every c.another d.more【答案】c【解析】考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？”another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选c。2. (2011湖南卷,24）i knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. a. something b. anything c. everything d.nothing 4.(2011江西卷25）why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?a. that b.it c.his d.him【答案】b【解析】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选b。5. (2011山东卷,24) the two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.a. it b. them c. her d. that7. (2011安徽卷,22）surprisingly, susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.a. them b. her c. itself d. herself 【答案】c【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意为“令人惊叹的是，susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面，就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them,her和herself指的都是人。因此选c。8.(2011浙江卷,7) since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. a. anything b. something c. anywhere d. somewhere 10. (2011重庆卷,27）silly me! i forget what my luggage looks like.what do you think of over there?a. the one b. this c.it d.that【答案】d【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句意为“我真傻！想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。你看看那边的是不是你的？”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物，over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物，the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境，选d。11.(2011全国卷ii,11) i got this bicycle for ; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. a. everything b. something c. anything d. nothing【答案】d【解析】考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车；我的朋友买了一辆新车，就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱，nothing表否定，for表示交换。因此选d。12. (2011北京卷,34）the employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .a. them b. those c. it d. that2010高考英语试题1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,27)if our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on a. themselves b. them c. us d. ourselves【答案】d【解析】本题考查反身代词，主语为we，因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选d。2. (2010高考英语重庆卷,23)he had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.a. neitherb. eitherc. eachd. all4. (2010高考英语天津卷,6)in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the palace museum.a. anything b. nothing c. everything d. something【答案】b【解析】考查代词辨析。a项意为“任何一件事情”；b项意为“没有东西，没有事情”；c项意为“每一件事情”；d项意为“一些事情”。句意为：“在我一生中没有一件事情像我第一次游览故宫那样给我留下如此深刻的印象。”5.(2010高考英语四川卷,7)on my desk is a photo that my father took of when i was a baby. a. him b. his c. me d. mine【答案】c【解析】考查代词。take a photo of sb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为c。6.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,26)it is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. one is the great wall of china, and is japans kansai international airport.aanother bother cthe other deither8.(2010高考英语山东卷,32)helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.a. it b. that c. what d. one【答案】 d【解析】考查代词的用法。句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择d项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,33)the fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country a so b. much c. that d. it 11.(2010高考英语福建卷,22)when you introduce me to mr. johnson, could you please say for me ?a. everything b. anything c. something d. nothing【答案】 c【解析】考察代词。a项意为：“每件事”，b项意为“任何事”；c项意为“某事”；d项意为“没什么”。句意为：“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，请为我说话吧。”something用在问剧中表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定或者所问问题可能性很大时。故选c。12.(2010高考英语大纲全国i卷,23)ill spend half of my holiday practicing english and half learning drawing. a. another b. the other c. others d. other【答案】b【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：假期我会把一半时间用于练习英语，另一半用于学习绘画。half表示“一半”，the other half表示“另一半”。the other指两个事物中的“另一个”。因此答案为b。13.(2010高考英语大纲全国ii卷,14)the doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.a. this b. that c. one d. it 【答案】 d【解析】考察it的用法。句意为：“医生认为对你来说休个假很好。”这里首先考察的是think后接的是一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句里含到了结构it is good for sb to do sth，在这里it作的是形式宾语，猪油it可以作形式主语或者形式宾语。14.(2010高考英语大纲全国ii卷,12)neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them。a. others b. the other c. another d. one other 15.(2010高考英语安徽卷,21)you are a team star! working with is rally your cup of tea. a. both beither c. others dthe other【答案】c【解析】考查代词。both两个都；either二者之一；the other表示两个中的另一个；others其他人。句意为：“你是个善于合作的人，与他人共事，对你来说没有一点问题。”【两年模拟】 11、12高考模拟题及其答案11、12高考模拟题1、（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）the 7th edition of oxford advanced learners english-chinese dictionary has been on sale for long.thanks for reminding me. ill go and buy _ on sunday.aitbthatconedanother2、（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）have you got any idea for the summer vacation?yes. im going to a peaceful place, especially _ suitable for relaxation.aonebthe onecthatdthis【答案】a【解析】 考查代词用法。答语的意思是“我将去一个宁静的地方，尤其是一个适合放松的地方”。one 代指 a place。3、（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）have you got enough tickets?not yet. we just need _ one.aotherbthe secondcanotherdthe other5.（2012山西省太原市模拟试题（一）the problems facing us today are different from _ that we faced last yearathesebthatcthe onesdones【答案】c【解析】考查代词的用法。the ones用来替代前面的复数名词，有时可用those替代，尤其在有后置定语的情况下；these用来指时间或空间较近的人或事物；that指较远的人或事物；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，是泛指概念。句意为：今天我们面临的问题不同于去年。the ones指代the problems，所以正确答案为c。6、（河南省洛阳市2012届高中三年级统一考试英语）how can i help _ if people just dont follow my advice?aitbthatcthemdthis8.（2011江苏省南京市二模）your plan, as well as his, sounds original. but the company, i think, wont approve _ of them, for they are unrealistic.a anyb bothc eachd either【答案】d【解析】考查代词用法。首先，空格处表示上面提到的两个计划，即“your plan，as well as his”；再根据句中信息词“wont”和“unrealistic”可知，表示否定，因此应用不定代词either。故d项正确。9.（2011东北三省四市高三教学质量监测（二）-marys skirt is a real bargain.-_ must be in a secondhand shop that she bought it.a thatb thisc itd there 11.（2011北京海淀二模）have you heard about apple iphone 4?sureit is very hot these daysim thinking about getting _ _aonebthemcthatdit【答案】a【解析】考查代词用法。由语境可知，“我”想买一部苹果iphone 4，此处指同类中其中的一部，故a项正确。one代指同类异物；it代指同类同物；that代指上文提到的东西；them与语境不符。12.（2011郑州市高中毕业班第二次质量预测）though winters in britain are cold and there is usually snow，there are_ places for skiing.a someb manyc fewd a few14.（2011四川省成都市高三四校第一次联考）i just choose a simpler lifestyle, _ where i can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.a thatb itc oned another【答案】c 【解析】考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车，不必为生活而奔忙的生活方式。one 是 a simpler lifestyle 的同位语。15.（2011上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试）they produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.aeitherballcnonedneither【答案】d 【解析】考查代词。表示“两者都不”用 neither，上半句有 two reports 提示，同时语意表示否定，故选d项。16.（2011南昌市高三年级调研测）i felt so bad all day yesterday that this morning i couldnt face _ day like that.aotherbanothercthe otherdothers【答案】b 【解析】考查代词辨析。句中所要表达的意思是说话人不能再面对像昨天那样的另外一天，所以用 another，表示“再一，又一”。17.（2011济南市高三教学质量调研）we asked both tonny anti jerry. but _could offer any help.a eitherb allc noned neither19.（2011河北省衡水市高三上学期教学质量检测）i would appreciate _, to be frank, if my cell phone could be fixed as soon as possible.a youb itc thisd myself【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析1、i intended to compare the notes with a friend,but unfortunately_couldnt spare me even one minute.a.theyb.onec.whod.it【答案】a【解析】本题考查代词。but为并列连词，所以不能填who。it指代同一个物体，此时不指人。one指代任意一个不合题意。they是指整体概念，所有的人。句子中的a friend是泛指。2、please close the doorthe lecture is about to begin aone bsomeone ceveryone dnobody【答案】b【解析】 考察代词辨析。此处指任何一个人都可以，所以用someone某人符合题意。3、im afraid i have to go out now. if phones, tell i11 be back later. a. anyone; them b. someone; it c. everyone; them d. anyone; it5、the parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in.a.they b.it c.one d.which【答案】b【解析】这里的it是非人称用法，指的是隐含的事实或情况。在此情景中it指“买房之后的情况”。6、which day do you think is all right to our next meeting?you make_._day is all the same to me.a.one;oneb.it;anyc.that;some d.this;another【答案】b【解析】考查代词的基本用法。it指代上文所提到的事；one表泛指；any表“任意”。由语境可知。7、the best job is which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. a. something b. the one c. one d. it【答案】c【解析】该句中缺少一个先行词，a，b项也可做先行词，但引导词应用that，因此正确选项为c。8、i made a call to my parents yesterday.to my disappointment, _of them answered it.a.eitherb.nonec.neitherd.nobody10、have you any money on you? i need some badly.sorry, but _ at all . a. not b. nothing c. none d. quite a little 【答案】c【解析】none没有一点，毫无；nothing没有任何东西；not at all固定搭配“根本不” quite a little 一点。根据题意，应选c。意思是我此时一点钱也没有。11、theres a feeling in me_well never know what a ufo isnot ever.a.that b.which c.of which d.what13、dont _that all these who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.a.take as grantedb.ta