山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《形容词与副词》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语形容词与副词学案形容词和副词在高考中的考查重点：1. 形容词、副词的作用与位置； 多个形容词作定语排列的顺序 enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语 形容词作伴随状语和原因状语2. 表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语；3. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法；原级的用法比较级的用法最高级的用法形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语 more /less than及其相关结构4. 容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。高考例题【2012湖南】24. bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air. a. neverthelessb. besidesc. otherwised. therefore【答案】b【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。【解析】根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染”故选b（besides而且，加之，除此以外）。词汇 副词besides 【2012辽宁卷】22. we used to see each other , but i havent head from him since last year. a. especially b. regularly c. particularly d. approximately【考点】副词词义辨析【答案】b【解析】a项意为“尤其；特别”；b项意为“定期地，经常地”；c项意为“特别，尤其”；d项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。【2012四川卷】7. the hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.a. only b. also c. even d. still 【答案】 d 【考点】本题考查副词用法【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still（仍然，还）。【2012北京卷】28. many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.a. some b. less c. much d. more【答案】d【考点】形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。合成形容词合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。主要作定语，一般不作表语。(1) 数词+ 名词+形容词 a ten-metre-wide river 一条十米宽的河 a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩(2) 形容词（或数词）+名词+-ed a middle-aged man 一位中年男子 a fifteen-storeyed building 一座十五层的大楼(3) 形容词+v-ing 形式 a good-looking man 一位英俊的男子 an easy-going woman 一位随和的女子(4) 名词+v-ed 形式 a man-made lake 人工湖 a snow-covered mountain 一座被雪覆盖的山(5) 副词/形容词+ v-ed形式 a well-known writer 一位著名的作家 a new-born baby 一个新生儿形容词在句中的作用：(1) 作定语作定语时形容词一般放在所修饰词的前面，如果有几个形容词，常按下列顺序排列：限定词+序数词、基数词+性质、状态+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+产地、国籍+质地、材料+用途+名词a few big round new black french wooden tables 几张新的大面圆的法国黒木桌子the last few unforgettable sunny days令人难忘的最后几个阳光明媚的日子(2) 作表语作表语的形容词位置比较固定，都在系动词之后： he is very devoted to his wife. her face remained expressionless.但在表语和动词之间有时可插进别的词：she remained comparatively calm.i feel a little tired.大多数形容词可作定语和表语，但有些形容词通常只作表语，如：afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, aware, content, due, fond, glad, ill, likely, ready, sorry, sure, unable, unlikely, well等(3) 作宾语补足语who left the door open?martin found the work slightly dull.(4) 作状语she came over, eager to help.he arrived home, hungry and tired.(5) 有时可作同位语和独立成分the current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in guangzhou.strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.副词在句中的作用：1. 作状语it snowed heavily last january. (修饰动词)emily greeted me warmly. (修饰动词)he agreed to come over right away. (修饰非谓语动词)she is terribly clever. (修饰形容词)youre driving too fast. (修饰副词)sure ill help you. (修饰整个句子)2. 作表语：大部分与介词同形的副词可用作表语mary was down with a slight fever. we are behind in our plan.i must be off now.还有一些表示位置的副词常用作表语when will you be back? ill only be away a few minutes.is anyone downstairs yet? denny was still abroad.3. 副词的其他用法(1) 副词可用作定语i hope youll enjoy your stay here.the then headmaster ordered these books.(2) 副词还可用作宾语补语，构成复合宾语i saw you out with your sister last sunday.im pleased to see you back.(3) 副词用于构成动词短语the flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.they decided to put the meeting off.意思有别的同根副词： close 接近地 closely 仔细地，密切地 free 免费地 freely 自由地，无拘无束地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 late 晚，迟 lately 近来 most 最，极其 mostly 主要地 high 高 highly 高度地，非常地 deep 深，迟 deeply 深深地 loud 大声地 loudly 大声地(含喧闹之意) near 邻近 nearly 几乎形容词副词比较级1. 表示a超过b：a+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than +b my room is smaller than yours.dave drives faster than anyone i know.2. 表示a不如b：1) a+谓语的否定式+adj./adv.比较级+than+b2) a+谓语+less+adj./adv.+than+b3) a+谓语的否定+so(as)+adj./adv.+as+bthis book isnt bigger than that one.this star is less beautiful than that one.this room is not as/so big as that one.(3)表示a和b是同等程度a+谓语+as+adj./adv.+as+bdiana sings as sweetly as her sister.she can run as fast as 20 miles an hour.(4) 越,越 the +比较级, the+比较级 越来越 比较级+and+比较级the faster i type, the more mistakes i make.he played it better and better.(5) 两者中较的一个the +比较级(+of+the+two+名词)this ample is the bigger of the two.形容词比较级的修饰语可在形容词的比较级前加a lot, a good deal, much, many, far, a bit, a little, slightly等his illness is far more serious than we thought.you look a bit happier now.也可在比较级前加any, no, some, even, still 等do you feel any better today?their house is no bigger than ours.还可在比较级前加表示数量的词my sister is half a head taller than me.it was one-third cheaper than the market price.形容词最高级主要表示“最”，修饰名词，常有一短语与表示比较的范围，前面一般加定冠词the；副词最高级修饰动词，前面都不加the。this is the best room in the hotel.he was the most dangerous criminal in the country.the poor people living in towns suffered worst.注：在形容词最高级单独用作表语时，定冠词the常可省略：i think davids plan is best.east, west, homes best.无比较等级的形容词和副词：(1) 表示比较、特殊意义的comparative (ly), relative (ly), particular (ly), special (ly), favorite等。(2) 表示绝对意义的 absolute (ly), entire (ly), excellent (ly), total (ly), thorough (ly), whole (wholly)等。(3) 表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的extreme (ly), main, major, minor, senior, junior, chief (ly)等 (4) 表示性质特征的economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden等。(5) 表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的 only, matchless, round, square, very, own, simply, hardly, scarcely等。典型例题1. the form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself. (2011全国i)a. rather than b. other than c. more than d. better than【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相当于but和except；more than不仅仅；better than比多、好。选b。2. youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air. (2011上海春招)a. more b. most c. less d. least【解析】句意为“如果你们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，你们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less，根据后面的语意，选c。3. in that school, english is compulsory for all students, but french and russian are _. (2011江苏)a. special bregionalc. optional doriginal【解析】句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为c。7. how are your recent trip to sichuan? ive never had _ one before. (2011四川)a. a pleasant b. a more pleasant c. a most pleasant d. the most pleasant【解析】句意为“最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选b。8. the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be _ the present one. (2011陕西)a. as three times big as b. three times as big asc. as big as three times d. as big three times as【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选b。 11. the film is, i have to say, not a bit interesting. why? its _ than the films i have ever seen. (2011江西)a. far more interesting b. much less interestingc. no more interesting d. any less interesting【解析】句意为“我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。根据应答者用“why?”进行的反问，选a。巩固练习1. volunteering is becoming _ popular in china. (2010福建) yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.a. naturally b. successfullyc. splendidly d. increasingly2. it took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. it was _ journey. (2010上海)a. three hour b. a three-hours c. a three-hour d. three hours3. father _ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. (2010湖南)a. hardly b. seldom c. sometimes d. never4. computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications. (2010江西)a easily; efficient b easier; efficient c easy; efficiently d easily; efficiently5. mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. (2010山东)a. heavy b. smooth c. flexible d. complex6. people have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began. (2010天津)a. curious b. excited c. anxious d. careful7. the school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too . (2010四川)a. small b. few c. 1arge d. many 8. studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陕西) a. likely b. possible c. probable d. sure 9. mr. black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_. (2010全国)a. popular b. more popular c. most popular d. the most popular10. i wasnt blaming anyone; i _ said errors like this could be avoided. (2010湖北)a. merely b. mostly c. rarely d. nearly11. what about my answer, sir? sorry, its _ wrong.a. very b. fairly c. rather d. quite12. although the country has had political independence for over a century, _ it still needs the support of its neighbors.a. naturally b. economicallyc. especially d. luckily13. i was walking along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. you can never be _ in the street.a. careful enough b. enough carefulc. very carefully d. too carefully14. i prefer to take buses after 10 oclock; they are _ crowded.a. more b. lessc.