省略.doc

江苏省包场高级中学 高二英语备课组 主备：刘春美 江瑜 使用时间：2015.3M8 U2 Grammar - 省略在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略的原则既不破坏语法结构， 同时又不能产生歧义(要保持句子意义的准确无误)。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1省略主语1) 祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如：(You) Be seated, please.2）其他省略主语多限于少数习惯性说法。如：(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。）(It) Doesnt matter. （没关系。）2省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如：(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。） (Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？） (You come) This way, please. （请这边走）。 (Will you) Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？）What (do you think) about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？）Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）3省略宾语。如：1) Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？） I dont know（her）.（我不认识。）2) Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）Well, its hard to tell（it）.（哟，这很难说。）4省略表语。如： Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？） Yes, I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。）5同时省略几个成分。如：1) Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？）（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。）2) Have you finished your work ?（你完成工作了吗？）（I have）Not（finished my work）yet. （还没有。）3)（I wish）Good luck（to you）！（祝你顺利！）6其他一些省略结构1）名词所有格所修饰的名词。如：We spent the weekend at the Blacks. The girls handwriting is much better than his brothers (handwriting).2）what和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：What a wonderful victory（it is）for Wilma!How wonderful（it was）to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad.3）不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，would like, mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后边。如：I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.在have，need，ought，be going，used等后。如：I didnt want to go there, but I had to.在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后，如：Will you join in the game ? Id be glad to.否定形式的省略用not to。如：Shall I go instead of him ? I prefer not to.如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：1) Are you a sailor ? No, but I used to be.2) He hasnt finished yet. Well, he ought to have.（二）并列句中的省略在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。如：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry . （三）复合句中的省略1在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略(在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略)；the way后面的定语从句中，引导词若在从句中作状语，可以省略that或in which。如：The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.This is the way (that/ in which) he has solved the problem.2在及物动词后的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略；当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，可以把重复的内容省去，而保留wh-疑问词。如：I think (that)it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.Tom was sad, but I dont know why（he was sad）.3状语从句中的省略现象在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，若从句的的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词, 则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词” 一起省略, 引导这类状语从句的连词有： when，while，as, once，whenever，if，unless， though，although，even if ，even though, as though，as if，as等。如：If (I am ) invited, I will go to his party.Though (he is) young, he knows a lot of things. The old woman was knocked down while (she was) crossing the street.The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible, when it is necessary等。:如：When (it is) possible, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.Well have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。Get up early tomorrow. If not（you dont get up early），you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then, if so（he is not at home），leave him a note.【当堂巩固】I单句改错1. Why not asking me about it ?2. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays ?3. Though tiring, he kept on working.4. When first introducing to the market, these products enjoyed great success.5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.6. If giving the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.7. -You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.-I meant to do, but I had to attend an important conference.8. -Did you enjoy the performance last night ? -Yes, I did enjoy it.9. I asked him to see the film, but he didn